Inter-subject receive-template substitution for quantitative brain water content mapping at 3 T: a leave-one-out evaluation

Overview

1. Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4, Medical Imaging Physics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
2. Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
3. JARA–BRAIN – Translational Medicine, Aachen, Germany

Abstract

Introduction: To evaluate a configuration-specific inter-subject receive template as an alternative to participant-specific receive referencing within the evaluated 3 T scanner configuration.

Methods: Datasets from twenty-five healthy subjects were analyzed using a strict leave-one-participant-out method. Each degree-3 template used the other 24 participants. Arm E used a participant-specific effective relative receive divisor; Arm T used the held-out template. Both arms underwent independent, identically defined residual calibration, including a local intercept (C0), its spatially regularized field (μ), and the mean-normalized form used downstream (μ). This was followed by ventricular-CSF calibration. Primary outcomes were participant-level median quantitative water content (qWC) in white and gray matter; whole brain was secondary. Paired bias, mean absolute error (MAE), Bland–Altman limits, Pearson r, and Lin concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were calculated.

Results: Mean relative receive-template mismatch was 2.273% (standard deviation (SD), 0.568%; range, 1.431%–3.615%). Mean Arm T minus Arm E differences were −0.04 percentage units (p.u.; dimensionless water fraction relative to pure water = 100 p.u.) in white matter and −0.17 p.u. in gray matter; MAE was 0.17 and 0.22 p.u., and CCC was 0.991 and 0.989, respectively. Whole-brain bias was −0.12 p.u. (MAE, 0.19 p.u.; CCC, 0.993). Bland–Altman widths were below 1 p.u. Exploratory associations between global mismatch and qWC disagreement were weak; all 95% participant-bootstrap confidence intervals spanned zero.

Discussion: Under symmetric arm-specific calibration, the configuration-specific template produced qWC estimates in close agreement with the participant-specific explicit reference strategy. This internal matched-configuration result supports technical feasibility but does not establish formal equivalence, interchangeability, or external generalization.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data availability statement

The data analyzed in this study is subject to the following licenses/restrictions: access to the underlying data is restricted by institutional data-protection requirements and by the terms of the ethics approval under which the data were acquired. The datasets consist of de-identified derived quantitative human brain maps and cannot be shared publicly. De-identified derived maps, the analysis and provenance code, and the final result tables underlying all figures and tables are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, subject to institutional ethics approval and a data-transfer agreement. Requests to access these datasets should be directed to Zaheer Abbas, .

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 3 November 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 5 authors, 6 keywords, 1 funder, 25 references.

Cite

This paper

Abbas, Z., Ullah, F., Gegechkori, S., Worthoff, W. A., & Shah, N. J. (2026). Inter-subject receive-template substitution for quantitative brain water content mapping at 3 T: a leave-one-out evaluation. Frontiers in neuroscience, 20, 1986813.

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