Mr BMT Achieves Systemic Macrophage Replacement With Preservation of Tissue Homeostasis.

Overview

1. Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
2. Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gene Editing and Cell Therapy for Rare Diseases, Center for Clinical Neuro‐AI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
3. National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
4. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
5. Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Neuro‐Ultrasound for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

Abstract

Microglia replacement is a novel and clinically validated therapeutic framework for brain diseases. Microglia replacement by bone marrow transplantation (Mr BMT) is among the most widely used strategies, achieving efficient replacement and robust therapeutic efficacy. However, Mr BMT affects not only the brain but also the peripheral system. In this study, we comprehensively investigated its effects on peripheral organs, including the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung. We found that Mr BMT achieved robust and sustained macrophage replacement across multiple organs. Although the replaced macrophages broadly acquired organ‐specific macrophage characteristics, they retained persistent molecular differences from naïve resident macrophages, suggesting that macrophage identity is simultaneously shaped by the local microenvironment and developmental ontogeny. Despite molecular remodeling to some extent, overall tissue architecture and biological function were preserved after Mr BMT. Together, our findings demonstrate that Mr BMT establishes durable systemic macrophage replacement in peripheral organs while preserving overt tissue homeostasis.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

Datasets cited

• geo:GSE334348 — at NCBI GEO; found in “Data Availability Statement”

Data Availability Statement

All sequencing data generated in this study have been deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under accession numbers GSE334348 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE334348) (tissue bulk RNA‐seq), GSE334349 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE334349) (ATAC‐seq), and GSE334350 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE334350) (sorted macrophage bulk RNA‐seq).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, pages, dates, 18 authors, 5 keywords, 7 funders, 62 references.

Cite

This paper

Xu, Y., Zou, M., Bai, Y., He, Y., Jin, Z., Yang, B., Du, J., Ouyang, P., Cai, Y., Zhang, Y., Du, B., Ge, C., Gong, J., Li, X., Zheng, Y., Ding, J., Peng, B., & Rao, Y. (2026). Mr BMT Achieves Systemic Macrophage Replacement With Preservation of Tissue Homeostasis. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), e19669. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202519669

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