Understanding Glioblastoma Dynamics Using 3D Organoids and Engineered Extracellular Matrix.
Overview
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics Texas A&M Health Science Center Bryan Texas USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
- Department Medical Physiology Texas A&M Health Science Center Bryan Texas USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive, angiogenic WHO grade IV glioma marked by rapid progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis. A defining feature of GBM is the presence of glioma stem‐like cells (GSC), which reside in specialized perivascular niches and drive tumor progression, recurrence, and therapeutic resistance. Current in vitro GBM models inadequately recapitulate the structural and biochemical cues of the native perivascular niche due to the absence of functional vasculature and brain‐mimetic extracellular matrix (ECM), limiting their physiological relevance and predictive power. To address the limitations of existing in vitro GBM models, we developed a patient‐derived GSC derived Matrigel spheroid system that transitions into organoids and enables integration into engineered microenvironments. Our model incorporates GSC spheroids representing proneural and mesenchymal GBM subtypes, a synthetic engineered extracellular matrix (eECM), and endothelial cells (EC) seeded on the matrix surface. Our results show that Matrigel‐derived GSC spheroids progressively differentiate over two weeks, with significantly enhanced expression of cell‐specific markers in the presence of EC. Encapsulation of these organoids within eECM, combined with EC co‐culture, further promoted induction of GBM‐associated genes. Together, this platform provides a modular in vitro system for investigating GBM pathophysiology.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Code
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Data
Datasets cited
- zenodo:16907364, at Zenodo; found in DataCite
- zenodo:16907365, at Zenodo; found in DataCite
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available in Zenodo at https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 5 keywords, 8 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 102 references, 15 RRIDs.
Cite
This paper
McManis, A., Jimenez, C. A., Shirolkar, A., Raza ur Rehman, S., Mallick, S., Murphy, M., Gaharwar, A. K., & Singh, I. (2026). Understanding Glioblastoma Dynamics Using 3D Organoids and Engineered Extracellular Matrix. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 13(24), e22926. https://
BibTeX
@article{mcmanis2026unde
author = {McManis, Autumn and Jimenez, Charles Ashley and Shirolkar, Abha and Raza ur Rehman, Syed and Mallick, Sumana and Murphy, Malea and Gaharwar, Akhilesh K. and Singh, Irtisha},
title = {{Understanding Glioblastoma Dynamics Using 3D Organoids and Engineered Extracellular Matrix}},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {13},
number = {24},
pages = {e22926},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {2198-3844},
doi = {10.1002/
url = {https://
pmid = {41903119},
pmcid = {PMC13115983}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - McManis, Autumn
AU - Jimenez, Charles Ashley
AU - Shirolkar, Abha
AU - Raza ur Rehman, Syed
AU - Mallick, Sumana
AU - Murphy, Malea
AU - Gaharwar, Akhilesh K.
AU - Singh, Irtisha
TI - Understanding Glioblastoma Dynamics Using 3D Organoids and Engineered Extracellular Matrix
T2 - Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
J2 - Adv Sci (Weinh)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 13
IS - 24
SP - e22926
SN - 2198-3844
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1002/
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"container-title": "Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)",
"author": [
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"family": "Gaharwar",
"given": "Akhilesh K."
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"family": "Singh",
"given": "Irtisha"
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"volume": "13",
"issue": "24",
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"ISSN": "2198-3844",
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"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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2026,
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}
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