Brain-Computer Interface Training Fosters Perceptual Skills to Detect Errors.
Overview
- Chandra Family Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institute of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
- Mulva Clinic for the Neurosciences The University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas USA
Abstract
Accurate perception of subtle visuo‐motor errors is essential for perceptual and sensorimotor learning, and supports timely corrective actions in precision‐based task. However, conventional perceptual training, typically based on response‐accuracy feedback, is limited in improving sensitivity to small, subtle errors. While prior approaches have focused on modulating sensory regions to enhance perceptual learning, we propose an alternative approach that targets a cognitive neural marker: the error positivity (Pe), a component of the error‐related potential (ErrP) originating in the anterior cingulate cortex, a key decision‐making region. We hypothesize that the Pe, which reflects conscious awareness of errors, serves as a modifiable neural correlate of error perception. In a five‐day longitudinal study, we show that providing real‐time feedback on the presence or absence of ErrPs during perceptual training accelerates perceptual learning at 3∘ errors and enhances perceptual performance at 6∘ errors without accelerating the learning rate, relative to behavioral training alone. These behavioral gains were accompanied by increase in Pe amplitude. Together, these findings offer new neurophysiological insights into the mechanisms of error perception, and establish ErrP‐based brain‐computer interface interventions as a promising approach for fostering perceptual learning in domains where detecting subtle errors is critical.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Data
Datasets cited
- zenodo:20739858 — at Zenodo; found in “Data Availability Statement”
Data Availability Statement
The acquired EEG data and perceptual performance scores for different subjects would be released upon publication (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, pages, dates, 5 authors, 5 keywords, 1 funder, 76 references.
Cite
This paper
Liu, D. H., Iwane, F., Zhang, M., Cohen, L. G., & Millán, J. d. R. (2026). Brain-Computer Interface Training Fosters Perceptual Skills to Detect Errors. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), e76153. https://
BibTeX
@article{liu2026brain,
author = {Liu, Deland H. and Iwane, Fumiaki and Zhang, Minsu and Cohen, Leonardo G. and Millán, José del R.},
title = {{Brain-Computer Interface Training Fosters Perceptual Skills to Detect Errors}},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
pages = {e76153},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {2198-3844},
doi = {10.1002/
url = {https://
pmid = {42452959},
pmcid = {PMC13370092}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Liu, Deland H.
AU - Iwane, Fumiaki
AU - Zhang, Minsu
AU - Cohen, Leonardo G.
AU - Millán, José del R.
TI - Brain-Computer Interface Training Fosters Perceptual Skills to Detect Errors
T2 - Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
J2 - Adv Sci (Weinh)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
SP - e76153
SN - 2198-3844
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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