Characterising the Diffusion Functional Signature of Negative BOLD With Interleaved TMS-fMRI in the Human Brain.
Overview
- Department of Radiology Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne (UNIL) Lausanne Switzerland
- Geneva Switzerland
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics Lund University Lund Sweden
Abstract
The coupling between brain excitatory activity and positive blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) responses is well‐established. Although often associated with inhibition, negative BOLD remains partially understood. Moving away from neurovascular coupling, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)‐fMRI provides a more direct measure of excitatory activity, possibly mediated by transient cellular deformations. Diffusion‐weighted fMRI (dfMRI), from which ADC‐fMRI derives, combines vascular and microstructural contributions. While decreases in ADC align with positive BOLD, the possible translation of negative BOLD into positive ADC and the ability of ADC‐fMRI to capture inhibitory activity remain unexplored in humans. In this study, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐fMRI on the right primary motor cortex (M1) to selectively induce contralateral negative BOLD responses, whilst acquiring interleaved fMRI. TMS was applied at 5 Hz, 90% resting motor threshold, for both BOLD‐fMRI and ADC‐fMRI contrasts, in n = 12 and n = 11 healthy participants, respectively. We replicated previously reported negative BOLD clusters in the contralateral M1 and primary somatosensory cortex (S1). This was accompanied by a negative dfMRI response, but no ADC‐fMRI response, indicating minimal microstructural fluctuations. In ipsilateral M1/
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Data
Datasets cited
- zenodo:22011665, at Zenodo; found in DataCite
- zenodo:22011666, at Zenodo; found in “Data Availability Statement”
Data Availability Statement
Raw data are available at https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 7 keywords, 13 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 90 references.
Cite
This paper
de Riedmatten, I., Spencer, A. P. C., Martuzzi, R., Rochas, V., Pérot, J., Szczepankiewicz, F., & Jelescu, I. O. (2026). Characterising the Diffusion Functional Signature of Negative BOLD With Interleaved TMS-fMRI in the Human Brain. Human brain mapping, 47(12), e70629. https://
BibTeX
@article{deriedmatten202
author = {de Riedmatten, Inès and Spencer, Arthur P. C. and Martuzzi, Roberto and Rochas, Vincent and Pérot, Jean‐Baptiste and Szczepankiewicz, Filip and Jelescu, Ileana O.},
title = {{Characterising the Diffusion Functional Signature of Negative BOLD With Interleaved TMS-fMRI in the Human Brain}},
journal = {Human brain mapping},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {47},
number = {12},
pages = {e70629},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {1065-9471},
doi = {10.1002/
url = {https://
pmid = {42634012},
pmcid = {PMC13500454}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - de Riedmatten, Inès
AU - Spencer, Arthur P. C.
AU - Martuzzi, Roberto
AU - Rochas, Vincent
AU - Pérot, Jean‐Baptiste
AU - Szczepankiewicz, Filip
AU - Jelescu, Ileana O.
TI - Characterising the Diffusion Functional Signature of Negative BOLD With Interleaved TMS-fMRI in the Human Brain
T2 - Human brain mapping
J2 - Hum Brain Mapp
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 47
IS - 12
SP - e70629
SN - 1065-9471
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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"language": "en",
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