Band-Selective IR PRESS for Brain Tumor Spectroscopy Allows Robust Detection of Lactate.

Overview

1. Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
2. Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
3. Clinical Cancer Metabolism Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
4. Neuro‐Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
5. Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

Abstract

Lactate plays a critical role in the tumor microenvironment, driving tumor progression, metastasis, and immune evasion. Despite its importance, in vivo quantification of lactate using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has faced challenges, primarily due to the overlapping lipid signal at 1.3 ppm. Current clinical practice employs a long echo time to exploit differences in T2 relaxation between lactate and lipids; however, this approach significantly suppresses signals from other metabolites. Lipid has a notably different T1 relaxation time than lactate and other metabolites, which may be exploited by an inversion recovery sequence to better distinguish them. However, this method has not found wide use because of the loss of signal in other metabolites. Here, we introduce a selective inversion pulse with a short echo time MRS method (SPIR‐PRESS), which mitigates this issue. In phantom experiments, SPIR‐PRESS successfully suppressed lipid signals that could be misinterpreted as lactate in short TE PRESS spectra, while maintaining sensitivity to the full metabolite profile. SPIR‐PRESS demonstrated superior performance in quantifying lactate compared to long echo time PRESS, with ~60% increase in sensitivity for lactate detection compared to conventional PRESS with a 288‐ms TE. In a mouse glioma model, SPIR‐PRESS clearly detected lactate and other key tumor metabolites (total choline, creatine, NAA) in the tumor, which were not detectable in conventional long TE PRESS. These findings highlight SPIR‐PRESS as a promising technique for improved lactate quantification and comprehensive metabolite profiling in tumor environments.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

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• doi:10.7910/dvn/igshzw, at the source; found in “Data Availability Statement”

Data Availability Statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are openly available in Harvard Dataverse at https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IGSHZW.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 13 authors, 4 keywords, 7 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 55 references.

Cite

This paper

Kishimoto, S., Crooks, D. R., Lu, P., Shibata, Y., Kim, O., Munasinghe, J., Yasunori, O., Kota, Y., Yamamoto, K., Linehan, W. M., Wu, J., Krishna, M. C., & Brender, J. R. (2026). Band-Selective IR PRESS for Brain Tumor Spectroscopy Allows Robust Detection of Lactate. NMR in biomedicine, 39(3), e70220. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.70220

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