OSCR

Glioblastoma invasion into different organoid hosts reveals cell-intrinsic and proliferative migratory programs.

Overview

Authors: Christopher Y Akhunbay-Fudge1,2, Bronwyn K Irving1, Alima Ismail1, Sabrina Samuel1, Emma Smedley1,2, Holly E Bradford1, Steven Bagley3, Alexander Baker3, Iain M Hagan3, Deena MA Gendoo4,5, Kevin Critchley6, Ryan K Mathew1,2, Heiko Wurdak1
ORCID iDs: Steven Bagley, Alexander Baker, Deena MA Gendoo, Heiko Wurdak
  1. Stem Cells and Brain Tumour Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
  3. Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
  4. Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
  5. Institute for Data and AI, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
  6. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
Institutions: Leeds General Infirmary (United Kingdom); University of Leeds (United Kingdom); University of Manchester (United Kingdom); Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute (United Kingdom); University of Birmingham (United Kingdom)
Journal: iScience, volume 29, issue 4, article 115361
Dates: received 8 July 2025; accepted 11 March 2026; published online 13 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361 · PMID 41959666 · PMCID PMC13059114 · OpenAlex W7135232273
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request
Categories: other condition (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Evoked potentials, Machine learning, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: Cell biology, Cancer
Topic: Glioma Diagnosis and Treatment (Genetics, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Royal College of Surgeons of England; University of Leeds; Brain Tumour Charity; Brain Research UK; Leeds Hospitals Charity
Citations: cited by 2 papers (Europe PMC); 68 references in the paper

Abstract

Akhunbay-Fudge et al. develop two complementary single-cell profiling methods to determine glioblastoma (GB) invasion phenotypes, focusing on the influence of host organoid developmental lineage (neural versus endodermal) and cell cycle progression on GB invasion within tumor assembloids. Notably, GB cells invaded both neural and endodermal organoid hosts, whereas non-malignant adult brain cells lacked this capacity. Single-cell mRNA sequencing revealed gene expression changes in invading tumor cells and surrounding environmental assembloid cells. Concurrently, the “DyPheT” automated tracking tool enabled real-time correlation of cell cycle phases with malignant cell migration within cerebral organoids, which can be utilized for treatment response assessment, exemplified by the investigational compound RP-6306. Collectively, these approaches identify an intrinsic (cell autonomous) gene expression signature linked to GB invasion and support a “go-and-grow” paradigm by revealing a highly migratory (and RP-6306-refractory) GB subpopulation active in the G2/M phase of cell cycle.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

A tracing map links a paper to the code its authors published: this paper has none (its code is available on request), so it has no map.

Data

Datasets cited

Data and code availability

The mRNA-seq data (FASTQ files) have been deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), with accession number GEO: GSE298718 (https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE298718), and are publicly available. The link is provided in the key resources table. Data reported in this paper will be shared by the lead contact upon request.

The DyPheT tool and code for automated assembloid tracking are available via GitHub. The link is provided in the key resources table.

Additional information required to reanalyze the data reported in this paper are available from the lead contact upon request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 13 authors, 2 keywords, 6 funders, 67 references.

Cite

This paper

Akhunbay-Fudge, C. Y., Irving, B. K., Ismail, A., Samuel, S., Smedley, E., Bradford, H. E., Bagley, S., Baker, A., Hagan, I. M., Gendoo, D. M., Critchley, K., Mathew, R. K., & Wurdak, H. (2026). Glioblastoma invasion into different organoid hosts reveals cell-intrinsic and proliferative migratory programs. iScience, 29(4), 115361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361

BibTeX

@article{akhunbayfudge2026glioblastoma,
author = {Akhunbay-Fudge, Christopher Y and Irving, Bronwyn K and Ismail, Alima and Samuel, Sabrina and Smedley, Emma and Bradford, Holly E and Bagley, Steven and Baker, Alexander and Hagan, Iain M and Gendoo, Deena MA and Critchley, Kevin and Mathew, Ryan K and Wurdak, Heiko},
title = {{Glioblastoma invasion into different organoid hosts reveals cell-intrinsic and proliferative migratory programs}},
journal = {iScience},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {115361},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2589-0042},
doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361},
pmid = {41959666},
pmcid = {PMC13059114}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Akhunbay-Fudge, Christopher Y
AU - Irving, Bronwyn K
AU - Ismail, Alima
AU - Samuel, Sabrina
AU - Smedley, Emma
AU - Bradford, Holly E
AU - Bagley, Steven
AU - Baker, Alexander
AU - Hagan, Iain M
AU - Gendoo, Deena MA
AU - Critchley, Kevin
AU - Mathew, Ryan K
AU - Wurdak, Heiko
TI - Glioblastoma invasion into different organoid hosts reveals cell-intrinsic and proliferative migratory programs
T2 - iScience
J2 - iScience
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/13
VL - 29
IS - 4
SP - 115361
SN - 2589-0042
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Glioblastoma invasion into different organoid hosts reveals cell-intrinsic and proliferative migratory programs",
"container-title": "iScience",
"author": [
{
"family": "Akhunbay-Fudge",
"given": "Christopher Y"
},
{
"family": "Irving",
"given": "Bronwyn K"
},
{
"family": "Ismail",
"given": "Alima"
},
{
"family": "Samuel",
"given": "Sabrina"
},
{
"family": "Smedley",
"given": "Emma"
},
{
"family": "Bradford",
"given": "Holly E"
},
{
"family": "Bagley",
"given": "Steven"
},
{
"family": "Baker",
"given": "Alexander"
},
{
"family": "Hagan",
"given": "Iain M"
},
{
"family": "Gendoo",
"given": "Deena MA"
},
{
"family": "Critchley",
"given": "Kevin"
},
{
"family": "Mathew",
"given": "Ryan K"
},
{
"family": "Wurdak",
"given": "Heiko"
}
],
"container-title-short": "iScience",
"volume": "29",
"issue": "4",
"page": "115361",
"DOI": "10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361",
"PMID": "41959666",
"PMCID": "PMC13059114",
"ISSN": "2589-0042",
"publisher": "Elsevier",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.115361",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
3,
13
]
]
}
}

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1002/adhm.202504889 [code]
Mapping the Cerebral Organoid Landscape: A Systematic Review of Preclinical 3D Models in Neuroscience.
Journal: Advanced healthcare materials
In common: other condition, 7 references
[2] doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117247
Brain assembloids reveal efficacy and off target effects in high grade glioma brain cancer.
Journal: iScience
In common: other condition, 5 references
[3] doi:10.1002/adhm.202504842
Flash Assembloids: A Rapid Biofabrication of a Platform for Modeling Early Glioblastoma Invasion at the Glioblastoma-Brain Organoid Interfaces.
Journal: Advanced healthcare materials
In common: other condition, 4 references
[4] doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2026.101425
Human cerebral organoids with microglia and vasculature model glioma stem cell interactions and radiotherapy response.
Journal: Cell reports methods
In common: other condition, cellular / molecular, 4 references
[5] doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1797067
Network-driven prioritization and functional phenotyping nominate TTC23 as a biomarker-informed target in chlorpromazine repurposing for glioblastoma.
Journal: Frontiers in pharmacology
In common: other condition, 5 references
[6] doi:10.1093/neuonc/noag059
Combined patch-clamp electrophysiology and single-cell genomic analysis reveal spiking tumor cells at the neocortical glioblastoma interface in humans.
Journal: Neuro-oncology
In common: other condition, cellular / molecular, 5 references
[7] doi:10.1007/s11060-026-05515-5
Human neural organoid modeling of diffuse midline glioma captures the complexity of patient tumors.
Journal: Journal of neuro-oncology
In common: other condition, 5 references
[8] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-76587-0 [code]
Uncovering the signaling networks of disseminated glioblastoma cells in vivo with INSIGHT.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: other condition, cellular / molecular, 5 references
[9] doi:10.1111/bpa.70125
From patient to tumor organoid: Culture protocol choice controls glioblastoma tumor architecture and identity.
Journal: Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)
In common: other condition, 5 references
[10] doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102850 [code]
Patient-derived organoids predict personalized drug response and reveal alternative therapeutic options in glioblastoma.
Journal: Cell reports. Medicine
In common: other condition, 4 references

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: questions and error reports about this paper and its code, from signed-in readers and its authors. It opens with sign-in.

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code: what they reproduced, with which environment, commit and data. It opens with sign-in.

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.