Hypothalamic thermoregulatory neurons divergently modulate isoflurane anesthesia via temperature dependent and independent mechanisms.
Overview
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Organ Protection of Ministry of Education (In Cultivation), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
Abstract
Perioperative hypothermia is common clinically. The neural mechanisms underlying general anesthesia and the hypothermia it induces remain elusive. We found that lower core temperature (Tcore) deepened anesthesia and delayed emergence, which showed a logarithmic relationship below 31.9°C. Chemogenetic activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the lateral preoptic area (LPOBDNF) neurons before isoflurane administration lowered Tcore and increased isoflurane induced burst-suppression ratio (BSR), δ power, and recovery time, while its optogenetic activation during isoflurane did not change Tcore and anesthesia depth. Conversely, chemogenetic activation of dorsomedial hypothalamus glutamatergic (DMHVglut2) neurons increased Tcore, attenuated anesthesia depth and promoted recovery. Stage-specific optogenetic activation of DMHVglut2 neurons and its downstream raphe pallidus (RPa) projection during isoflurane exposure induced cortical activation without Tcore alteration. Our study indicates that LPOBDNF neurons modulate isoflurane anesthesia primarily through temperature-dependent mechanism, while DMHVglut2 neurons and the DMHVglut2 to RPa pathway have a temperature-independent function in modulating isoflurane anesthesia.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Code
The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
A tracing map links a paper to the code its authors published: this paper has none (its code is available on request), so it has no map.
Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Data and code availability
• All data reported in this paper will be shared by the lead contact upon request. • This paper does not report original code. • Any additional information required to reanalyze the data reported in this paper is available from the lead contact upon request.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 12 authors, 3 keywords, 3 funders, 52 references, 3 RRIDs.
Cite
This paper
Cai, S., Yang, W. Z., Xu, M., Chen, H., Zhou, L., Luo, T., Yu, S., Zhang, K., Wang, H., Yu, T., Zheng, J., & Shen, W. L. (2026). Hypothalamic thermoregulatory neurons divergently modulate isoflurane anesthesia via temperature dependent and independent mechanisms. iScience, 29(5), 115542. https://
BibTeX
@article{cai2026hypothal
author = {Cai, Shuang and Yang, Wen Z. and Xu, Mao and Chen, Huimin and Zhou, Liang and Luo, Tianyuan and Yu, Shouyang and Zhang, Kan and Wang, Haiying and Yu, Tian and Zheng, Jijian and Shen, Wei L.},
title = {{Hypothalamic thermoregulatory neurons divergently modulate isoflurane anesthesia via temperature dependent and independent mechanisms}},
journal = {iScience},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {115542},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2589-0042},
doi = {10.1016/
url = {https://
pmid = {42004037},
pmcid = {PMC13091562}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Cai, Shuang
AU - Yang, Wen Z.
AU - Xu, Mao
AU - Chen, Huimin
AU - Zhou, Liang
AU - Luo, Tianyuan
AU - Yu, Shouyang
AU - Zhang, Kan
AU - Wang, Haiying
AU - Yu, Tian
AU - Zheng, Jijian
AU - Shen, Wei L.
TI - Hypothalamic thermoregulatory neurons divergently modulate isoflurane anesthesia via temperature dependent and independent mechanisms
T2 - iScience
J2 - iScience
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 29
IS - 5
SP - 115542
SN - 2589-0042
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1016/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Hypothalamic thermoregulatory neurons divergently modulate isoflurane anesthesia via temperature dependent and independent mechanisms",
"container-title": "iScience",
"author": [
{
"family": "Cai",
"given": "Shuang"
},
{
"family": "Yang",
"given": "Wen Z."
},
{
"family": "Xu",
"given": "Mao"
},
{
"family": "Chen",
"given": "Huimin"
},
{
"family": "Zhou",
"given": "Liang"
},
{
"family": "Luo",
"given": "Tianyuan"
},
{
"family": "Yu",
"given": "Shouyang"
},
{
"family": "Zhang",
"given": "Kan"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Haiying"
},
{
"family": "Yu",
"given": "Tian"
},
{
"family": "Zheng",
"given": "Jijian"
},
{
"family": "Shen",
"given": "Wei L."
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "29",
"issue": "5",
"page": "115542",
"DOI": "10.1016/
"PMID": "42004037",
"PMCID": "PMC13091562",
"ISSN": "2589-0042",
"publisher": "Elsevier",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
3,
30
]
]
}
}
Similar papers
The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.
- [1] doi:10.1038/s41467-023-40504-6
- A parabrachial-hypothalami
c parallel circuit governs cold defense in mice. Journal: Nature communicationsIn common: systems, 8 references - [2] doi:10.1038/s41593-024-01830-0 [code]
- Thermally induced neuronal plasticity in the hypothalamus mediates heat tolerance.Journal: Nature neuroscienceIn common: 8 references
- [3] doi:10.1038/s42003-026-09723-7 [code]
- Obesogenic effects of warm temperature involve feeding adaptation by preoptic area leptin receptor neurons.Journal: Communications biologyIn common: 6 references
- [4] doi:10.1038/s41467-023-41435-y
- Natural product P57 induces hypothermia through targeting pyridoxal kinase.Journal: Nature communicationsIn common: 6 references
- [5] doi:10.1038/s43587-025-00830-4
- A torpor-like state in mice slows blood epigenetic aging and prolongs healthspan.Journal: Nature agingIn common: 5 references
- [6] doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.053 [code]
- Behavioral and circuit principles of temperature gradient navigation.Journal: Current biology : CBIn common: systems, 4 references
- [7] doi:10.1038/s41467-024-53258-6
- Paraventricular hypothalamic RUVBL2 neurons suppress appetite by enhancing excitatory synaptic transmission in distinct neurocircuits.Journal: Nature communicationsIn common: 4 references
- [8] doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.116477
- Slow intrinsic oscillations in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus.Journal: iScienceIn common: 4 references
- [9] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-75522-7
- High ambient temperature activates a neural circuit for gut glucose uptake in male mice.Journal: Nature communicationsIn common: systems, 3 references
- [10] doi:10.7554/elife.88420 [code]
- Comparative brain-wide mapping of ketamine- and isoflurane-activated nuclei and functional networks in the mouse brain.Journal: eLifeIn common: systems, 3 references
Contribute
The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.
Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.
Claim this paper
Correct its record
Say what each link of this record is, remove the ones that are not the paper's, add the ones that are missing. The correction becomes a new version of the record, in its Versions section.
Request its removal
To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).
Discussion, reproductions, activity
Discussion: code errors and mismatches between the code and the paper about this paper and its code, from readers and its authors, beside the paper and its tracing map.
Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code and did not get the paper's result, what they ran, with which environment, commit and data.
Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.