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EEG microstates and dynamic functional connectivity reveal stage-specific brain networks in subjective tinnitus.

Overview

Authors: Meng-Fang Gong1, Sheng-Yu Tao2, Bin Dai3,4, Zhong-Ling Ding1, Qian He1, Ya-Kang Dai3,4, Ji-Sheng Liu1, Duo-Duo Tao1
  1. Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
  2. Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College, Kunming 650106, China
  3. Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 88 Keling Road, Suzhou 215163, China
  4. University of Science and Technology of China, 96#, Jinzhai Road, Baohe District, Hefei, Anhui 230000, China
Institutions: First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (China); Kunming Medical University Haiyuan College (China); University of Science and Technology of China (China); Chinese Academy of Sciences (China); Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology (China)
Journal: iScience, volume 29, issue 8, article 116995
Dates: received 3 February 2026; accepted 14 July 2026; published online 30 July 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116995 · PMID 42571416 · PMCID PMC13452246 · OpenAlex W7171841150
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request
Categories: EEG (modality), human (organism), other condition (population), systems (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Preprocessing, Statistics, Machine learning, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Evoked potentials, Connectivity, Graphs, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: tinnitus, EEG, microstates, dynamic functional network, neural oscillations
Topic: Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics (Sensory Systems, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Science and Technology Program of Suzhou; National Natural Science Foundation of China
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 63 references in the paper

Abstract

Tinnitus with normal hearing suggests central mechanisms, yet stage-specific brain network dynamics remain unclear. This study investigated stage-specific brain network patterns in normal-hearing tinnitus patients using electroencephalography (EEG) microstate and dynamic functional network (DFN) analyses. Resting-state EEG was recorded from 45 participants (15 acute tinnitus, <6 months; 15 chronic tinnitus, ≥6 months; and 15 healthy controls). Results showed that acute tinnitus involved enhanced salience network engagement and reduced central executive network participation, with transitions skewed toward salience processing. Chronic tinnitus exhibited normalized transitions but increased global explained variance, indicating greater network stability. DFN analysis revealed elevated γ-band efficiency in the executive network during acute tinnitus, while chronic tinnitus showed increased low-frequency (δ/β) efficiency in executive and auditory networks. These findings demonstrate distinct neurophysiological profiles across tinnitus stages—acute salience-executive imbalance with aberrant high-frequency synchrony versus chronic compensatory rebalancing through low-frequency adaptation—providing a framework for stage-specific biomarker identification.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

A tracing map links a paper to the code its authors published: this paper has none (its code is available on request), so it has no map.

Data

Datasets cited

Data and code availability

De-identified human EEG data have been deposited at Mendeley Data: https://doi.org/10.17632/npfx2zhb2r.1. They are publicly available as of the date of publication.

This paper does not report original code.

Any additional information required to reanalyze the data reported in this paper is available from the lead contact upon request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 5 keywords, 2 funders, 63 references.

Cite

This paper

Gong, M.-F., Tao, S.-Y., Dai, B., Ding, Z.-L., He, Q., Dai, Y.-K., Liu, J.-S., & Tao, D.-D. (2026). EEG microstates and dynamic functional connectivity reveal stage-specific brain networks in subjective tinnitus. iScience, 29(8), 116995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.116995

BibTeX

@article{gong2026eeg,
author = {Gong, Meng-Fang and Tao, Sheng-Yu and Dai, Bin and Ding, Zhong-Ling and He, Qian and Dai, Ya-Kang and Liu, Ji-Sheng and Tao, Duo-Duo},
title = {{EEG microstates and dynamic functional connectivity reveal stage-specific brain networks in subjective tinnitus}},
journal = {iScience},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {116995},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2589-0042},
doi = {10.1016/j.isci.2026.116995},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.116995},
pmid = {42571416},
pmcid = {PMC13452246}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Gong, Meng-Fang
AU - Tao, Sheng-Yu
AU - Dai, Bin
AU - Ding, Zhong-Ling
AU - He, Qian
AU - Dai, Ya-Kang
AU - Liu, Ji-Sheng
AU - Tao, Duo-Duo
TI - EEG microstates and dynamic functional connectivity reveal stage-specific brain networks in subjective tinnitus
T2 - iScience
J2 - iScience
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/30
VL - 29
IS - 8
SP - 116995
SN - 2589-0042
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/j.isci.2026.116995
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2026.116995
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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