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Protocol for mouse vascular dementia model and evaluation of progressive tissue damage in subcortical white matter and adjacent cortex.

Overview

Authors: Min Tian1, Irene L. Llorente2, S. Thomas Carmichael3
ORCID iDs: Min Tian
  1. Thrust of Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511400, China
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
  3. Department of Neurology, the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Journal: STAR protocols, volume 7, issue 1, article 104396
Dates: published online 3 March 2026; in print March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104396 · PMID 41779617 · PMCID PMC12969622 · OpenAlex W7133336705
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request
Categories: histology / microscopy (modality), human (organism), mouse (organism), Alzheimer's / dementia (population), stroke (population)
Methods: fMRI & imaging
Keywords: Microscopy, Molecular Biology, Neuroscience
MeSH: Cerebral Cortex*, Dementia, Vascular*, Disease Models, Animal*, White Matter*, Animals, Humans, Mice (* major topic)
Topic: Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments (Neurology, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Cross-disciplinary Research Funding for Visiting Scholars (CRFVS); Ressler Family Foundation; NIH (R37NS102185); Dr. Miriam and Sheldon G. Adelson Medical Research Foundation; Steffy Family Trust
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 15 references in the paper

Abstract

Here, we present a protocol for generating a vascular dementia (VaD) mouse model through stereotaxic microinjection of a vasoconstrictor into the subcortical white matter (WM). We describe steps for preparing the N5-(1-iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO) solution, surgical procedures, and immunohistochemistry. We then detail procedures for confocal imaging and image analysis using ImageJ and Imaris software to evaluate key pathological features of human VaD, including vessel dilation, demyelination, glial reactivity, neuronal damage, subcortical WM atrophy, and ventriculomegaly.

For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Tian et al.1

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

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Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data and code availability

All raw and analyzed data are available upon request. No code is used in the current study.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 3 authors, 3 keywords, 7 MeSH terms, 5 funders, 15 references, 16 RRIDs.

Cite

This paper

Tian, M., Llorente, I. L., & Carmichael, S. T. (2026). Protocol for mouse vascular dementia model and evaluation of progressive tissue damage in subcortical white matter and adjacent cortex. STAR protocols, 7(1), 104396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104396

BibTeX

@article{tian2026protocol,
author = {Tian, Min and Llorente, Irene L. and Carmichael, S. Thomas},
title = {{Protocol for mouse vascular dementia model and evaluation of progressive tissue damage in subcortical white matter and adjacent cortex}},
journal = {STAR protocols},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {104396},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2666-1667},
doi = {10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104396},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104396},
pmid = {41779617},
pmcid = {PMC12969622}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Tian, Min
AU - Llorente, Irene L.
AU - Carmichael, S. Thomas
TI - Protocol for mouse vascular dementia model and evaluation of progressive tissue damage in subcortical white matter and adjacent cortex
T2 - STAR protocols
J2 - STAR Protoc
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/03
VL - 7
IS - 1
SP - 104396
SN - 2666-1667
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104396
UR - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104396
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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