Protocol for pH correction of FRET-based fluorescent biosensor imaging in dissociated Drosophila neurons.
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The authors' code
R · 448 lines · 16 KB · no license
- # =================================================================
- # Laconic Fluorescence Analysis Script
- # =================================================================
- # This script analyzes fluorescence microscopy data from dual-channel imaging
- # It processes both Laconic sensor and pHrodo measurements
- # Performs background subtraction, photobleaching correction, and pH corrections
- # =================================================================
- # INPUT FILE REQUIREMENTS
- # =================================================================
- # 1. File Naming Convention:
- # - Laconic sensor files should be named: [SampleName]_Laconic.csv
- # - pHrodo files should be named: [SampleName]_pHrodo.csv
- # - Each Laconic file must have a matching pHrodo file
- # Example: "Sample1_Laconic.csv" and "Sample1_pHrodo.csv"
- #
- # 2. Laconic File Format:
- # - CSV file with the following columns:
- # - Column 1: treatments
- # - Column 2: time
- # - Columns 3-n: mTFP channel measurements (#1_TFP - #n_TFP)
- # - Columns n+2-2n: Venus channel measurements (#n+2_YFP -#2n_YFP)
- # - Last column in each channel should be background measurement (n+1 and 2n+1, respectively)
- #
- # 3. pHrodo File Format:
- # - CSV file with the following columns:
- # - Column 1: treatments
- # - Column 2: time
- # - Columns 3-11: TRITC (pHrodo) channel measurements (#1_phrodo - #n_phrodo)
- # - Last column should be background measurement
- #
- # 4. Data Requirements:
- # - Both files must have the same number of time points
- # - Time points must be aligned between Laconic and pHrodo files
- # - Background measurements must be included as the last column
- # - No missing values allowed in measurement columns
- # =================================================================
- # Load required packages
- library(tidyverse) # For data manipulation and visualization
- library(readr) # For reading CSV files
- library(rowr) # For row operations
- library(MESS) # For AUC calculations
- library(broom) # For converting statistical objects to tidy data frames
- library(varhandle) # For variable handling
- library(plotrix) # For error calculations
- library(aomisc) # For curve fitting
- library(CausalImpact) # For time series analysis
- # Set working directory and file paths
- setwd("~/") # Change this to your working directory
- input_path <- "abc" # Directory containing input files
- output_path <- "xyz" # Directory for saving results
- # Get list of input files
- list1 <- as.data.frame(list.files(path=input_path))
- colnames(list1) <- c("files")
- # Separate pHrodo and Laconic files
- list2 <- as.data.frame(list1[c(which(grepl("pHrodo",list1$files)==T)),])
- colnames(list2) <- c("files")
- list1 <- as.data.frame(list1[-c(which(grepl("pHrodo",list1$files)==T)),])
- colnames(list1) <- c("files")
- # Process each Laconic file
- for (list_files in 1:(nrow(list1))) {
- # Read current file
- file_uploaded <- as.character(list1[c(list_files),])
- ratio_file <- read_csv(paste0(input_path,file_uploaded))
- # Remove NA rows if present
- rem1 <- which(is.na(ratio_file$time)==T)
- if (is_empty(rem1)==F){
- ratio_file <- ratio_file[-c(rem1),]
- }
- # Separate mTFP and Venus channels
- col_names <- as.data.frame(colnames(ratio_file))
- rem_cols <- which(grepl("TFP",col_names$`colnames(ratio_file)`)==T)
- ratio_file_Venus <- as.data.frame(ratio_file[,-c(rem_cols)])
- ratio_file_TFP <- as.data.frame(ratio_file[,c(1,2,rem_cols)])
- # Background subtraction for Venus channel
- for (j in 3:(ncol(ratio_file_Venus)-1)){
- col1 <- as.matrix(ratio_file_Venus[,c(j)])
- col_back <- as.matrix(ratio_file_Venus[,c(ncol(ratio_file_Venus))])
- ratio_file_Venus[,c(j)] <- col1-col_back
- }
- ratio_file_Venus[,c(ncol(ratio_file_Venus))] <- NULL
- # Background subtraction for TFP channel
- for (j in 3:(ncol(ratio_file_TFP)-1)){
- col1 <- as.matrix(ratio_file_TFP[,c(j)])
- col_back <- as.matrix(ratio_file_TFP[,c(ncol(ratio_file_TFP))])
- ratio_file_TFP[,c(j)] <- col1-col_back
- }
- ratio_file_TFP[,c(ncol(ratio_file_TFP))] <- NULL
- # Get treatment time point
- time_add <- ratio_file[c(which(is.na(ratio_file$treatments)==F)),2]
- time_add <- time_add$time
- # Get baseline period data
- ratio_file_TFP_back <- filter(ratio_file_TFP,ratio_file_TFP$time<time_add[1])
- ratio_file_Venus_back <- filter(ratio_file_Venus,ratio_file_Venus$time<time_add[1])
- # Photobleaching correction
- # Uses exponential decay fitting to correct for fluorescence bleaching
- for (i in 3:ncol(ratio_file_TFP)){
- # Process TFP channel
- full_data <- ratio_file_TFP_back[,c(2,i)]
- colnames(full_data) <- c("X","Y")
- # Try exponential decay fit
- a <- try(nls(Y ~ NLS.expoDecay(X, a, k),data = full_data),silent = TRUE)
- if (grepl("Error",a[1])==T){
- # If fitting fails, normalize to mean
- ratio_file_TFP[,c(i)] <- ratio_file_TFP[,c(i)]/mean(full_data$Y)
- } else {
- # Apply exponential decay correction
- nlsfit <- nls(Y ~ NLS.expoDecay(X, a, k),data = full_data)
- nlsfit_vals <- as.data.frame(tidy(nlsfit))
- full_data2 <- as.data.frame(ratio_file_TFP[,c(2,i)])
- colnames(full_data2) <- c("X","Y")
- Y0 <- as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[1,2])
- k <- as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[2,2])
- # Calculate corrected values
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y2=(Y0)*exp((-k)*full_data2$X))
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y3=full_data2$Y/full_data2$Y2)
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y4=full_data2$Y3*full_data2$Y)
- # Apply correction based on trend
- if (full_data2[1,3]>full_data2[nrow(full_data2),3]){
- ratio_file_TFP[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y4
- } else {
- ratio_file_TFP[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y
- }
- }
- # Repeat process for Venus channel
- full_data <- ratio_file_Venus_back[,c(2,i)]
- colnames(full_data) <- c("X","Y")
- if (grepl("Error",a[1])==T){
- ratio_file_Venus[,c(i)] <- ratio_file_Venus[,c(i)]/mean(full_data$Y)
- } else {
- full_data2 <- as.data.frame(ratio_file_Venus[,c(2,i)])
- colnames(full_data2) <- c("X","Y")
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y2=(Y0)*exp((-k)*full_data2$X))
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y3=full_data2$Y/full_data2$Y2)
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y4=full_data2$Y3*full_data2$Y)
- ratio_file_Venus[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y4
- }
- }
- # Calculate TFP/Venus ratios
- final_ratios <- ratio_file_Venus
- for (k in 3:ncol(final_ratios)){
- Venus <- ratio_file_Venus[,c(k)]
- TFP <- ratio_file_TFP[,c(k)]
- final_ratios[,c(k)] <- TFP/Venus
- }
- final_ratios_original <- final_ratios
- # Normalize to baseline
- for (i in 3:ncol(final_ratios)){
- col1 <- as.data.frame(final_ratios[,c(i)])
- col2 <- col1[c(which(final_ratios$time<time_add[1])),]
- norm_val <- mean(col2)
- final_ratios[,c(i)] <- final_ratios[,c(i)]/norm_val
- }
- # Normalization to the pre-mixing baselines using exponential fit
- final_ratios_baseline <- final_ratios
- final_ratios_corrected <- final_ratios
- k_table <- as.data.frame(matrix(0,nrow=(ncol(final_ratios)-2)),ncol=1)
- for (i in 3:ncol(final_ratios)){
- # Process each trace
- full_data <- final_ratios[,c(1,2,i)]
- full_data <- filter(full_data,full_data$time<time_add[1])
- full_data[,c(1)] <- NULL
- colnames(full_data) <- c("X","Y")
- # Try different fitting methods
- a <- try(nlsfit <- nls(Y ~ NLS.expoDecay(X, a, k),data = full_data),silent = TRUE)
- if (grepl("Error",a[1])==T){
- b <- try(nls(Y ~ SSasymp(X, yf, y0, log_alpha), data = full_data),silent = TRUE)
- if (grepl("Error",b[1])==F){
- # Asymptotic regression fit
- nlsfit <- nls(Y ~ SSasymp(X, yf, y0, log_alpha), data = full_data)
- nlsfit_vals <- as.data.frame(tidy(nlsfit))
- full_data2 <- as.data.frame(final_ratios[,c(2,i)])
- colnames(full_data2) <- c("X","Y")
- # Extract parameters
- Y0 <- as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[2,2])
- k <- exp(as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[3,2]))
- Yf <- as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[1,2])
- # Calculate corrections
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y2=((Y0-Yf)*exp((-1*k)*full_data2$X))+Yf)
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y3=(full_data2$Y/full_data2$Y2)*as.numeric(full_data2[1,2]))
- final_ratios_baseline[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y2
- final_ratios_corrected[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y3
- } else {
- # If both fits fail
- final_ratios_baseline[,c(i)] <- NA
- final_ratios_corrected[,c(i)] <- final_ratios[,c(i)]
- }
- } else {
- # Exponential decay fit
- nlsfit <- nls(Y ~ NLS.expoDecay(X, a, k),data = full_data)
- nlsfit_vals <- as.data.frame(tidy(nlsfit))
- full_data2 <- as.data.frame(final_ratios[,c(2,i)])
- colnames(full_data2) <- c("X","Y")
- # Extract parameters
- Y0 <- as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[1,2])
- k <- as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[2,2])
- # Calculate corrections
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y2=(Y0)*exp((-k)*full_data2$X))
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y3=(full_data2$Y/full_data2$Y2)*as.numeric(full_data2[1,2]))
- final_ratios_baseline[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y2
- final_ratios_corrected[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y3
- k_table[(i-2),] <- k
- }
- }
- # Save baseline correction results
- write.csv(final_ratios_corrected,paste0(output_path,"/Laconic_ratios_",file_uploaded))
- # Calculate mean and SEM
- final_ratios <- final_ratios_corrected
- final_ratiosb <- as.data.frame(final_ratios[,c(1,2)])
- final_ratiosc <- as.data.frame(final_ratios[,-c(1,2)])
- final_ratiosb[,c(3)] <- rowMeans(final_ratiosc)
- for (m in 1:nrow(final_ratiosc)){
- final_ratiosb[c(m),c(4)] <- std.error(t(final_ratiosc[c(m),]))
- }
- write.csv(final_ratiosb,paste0(output_path,"/Laconic_ratios_mean_SEM_",file_uploaded))
- # Process pHrodo files
- # =================================================================
- downloaded_file <- as.character(list2[c(list_files),])
- pHRed <- read_csv(paste0(input_path, downloaded_file))
- # Remove NA rows if present
- rem2 <- which(is.na(pHRed$time)==T)
- if (is_empty(rem2)==F){
- pHRed <- pHRed[-c(rem2),]
- }
- # Background subtraction for pHrodo data
- for (j in 3:(ncol(pHRed)-1)){
- col1 <- as.matrix(pHRed[,c(j)])
- col1 <- as.numeric(col1)
- col_back <- as.matrix(pHRed[,c(ncol(pHRed))])
- pHRed[,c(j)] <- col1-col_back
- }
- pHRed[,c(ncol(pHRed))] <- NULL
- # Get baseline period data
- pHRed_back <- filter(pHRed, pHRed$time < time_add[1])
- # Photobleaching correction for pHrodo
- for (i in 3:ncol(pHRed)){
- full_data <- pHRed_back[,c(2,i)]
- colnames(full_data) <- c("X","Y")
- # Try exponential decay fit
- a <- try(nls(Y ~ NLS.expoDecay(X, a, k), data = full_data), silent = TRUE)
- if (grepl("Error",a[1])==T){
- # If fitting fails, normalize to mean
- pHRed[,c(i)] <- pHRed[,c(i)]/mean(full_data$Y)
- } else {
- # Apply exponential decay correction
- nlsfit <- nls(Y ~ NLS.expoDecay(X, a, k), data = full_data)
- nlsfit_vals <- as.data.frame(tidy(nlsfit))
- full_data2 <- as.data.frame(pHRed[,c(2,i)])
- colnames(full_data2) <- c("X","Y")
- # Extract parameters
- Y0 <- as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[1,2])
- k <- as.numeric(nlsfit_vals[2,2])
- # Calculate corrections
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y2=(Y0)*exp((-k)*full_data2$X))
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y3=full_data2$Y/full_data2$Y2)
- full_data2 <- full_data2 %>%
- mutate(Y4=full_data2$Y3*full_data2$Y)
- # Apply correction based on trend
- if (full_data2[1,3]>full_data2[nrow(full_data2),3]){
- pHRed[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y4
- } else {
- pHRed[,c(i)] <- full_data2$Y
- }
- }
- }
- # Store original and normalized data
- pHRed_original <- pHRed
- # Normalize to baseline
- for (i in 3:ncol(pHRed)){
- col1 <- as.data.frame(pHRed[,c(i)])
- col2 <- col1[c(which(pHRed$time<time_add[1])),]
- norm_val <- mean(col2)
- pHRed[,c(i)] <- pHRed[,c(i)]/norm_val
- }
- # Calculate mean and SEM for normalized data
- pHRed_1b <- as.data.frame(pHRed[,c(1,2)])
- pHRed_1c <- as.data.frame(pHRed[,-c(1,2)])
- pHRed_1b[,c(3)] <- rowMeans(pHRed_1c)
- for (m in 1:nrow(pHRed_1c)){
- pHRed_1b[c(m),c(4)] <- std.error(t(pHRed_1c[c(m),]))
- }
- # Save pHrodo results
- write.csv(pHRed, paste0(output_path, "/pHRed_", downloaded_file))
- write.csv(pHRed_1b, paste0(output_path, "/pHRed_mean_SEM_", downloaded_file))
- # pH correction for Laconic sensor data
- # =================================================================
- final_ratios_corrected <- final_ratios
- for (l in 3:ncol(final_ratios)){
- # Combine Laconic and pHrodo data
- new_col <- as.data.frame(cbind(final_ratios[,c(l)], pHRed[,c(l)]))
- colnames(new_col) <- c("laconic","pHRed")
- # Separate and normalize baseline and post-treatment periods
- new_col2a <- new_col[c(which(final_ratios$time<time_add[1])),]
- new_col2b <- new_col[c((which(final_ratios$treatments=="ammonium")-1):nrow(new_col)),]
- new_col2b[,1] <- new_col2b[,1]/new_col2b[1,1]
- new_col2b[,2] <- new_col2b[,2]/new_col2b[1,2]
- new_col2b <- as.data.frame(new_col2b[-c(1),])
- new_col3 <- as.data.frame(rbind(new_col2a,new_col2b))
- new_col3 <- new_col3-1
- write.csv(new_col3,"Desktop/new_col3.csv")
- # Linear regression of Laconic vs pH changes
- lm_laconic_pH = lm(laconic~pHRed, data = new_col3)
- lm_laconic_pH_vals <- as.data.frame(tidy(lm_laconic_pH))
- m <- as.numeric(lm_laconic_pH_vals[2,2])
- c <- as.numeric(lm_laconic_pH_vals[1,2])
- # Apply pH correction
- new_col <- new_col-1
- new_col <- new_col %>%
- mutate(laconic_corrected = m*(new_col$pHRed)+c)
- new_col <- new_col %>%
- mutate(laconic_corrected2 = 1+(new_col$laconic-new_col$laconic_corrected))
- new_col <- new_col %>%
- mutate(laconic_corrected2 = (new_col$laconic_corrected2*mean(final_ratios[c(which(final_ratios$time<time_add[1])),l]))/mean(new_col[c(which(final_ratios$time<time_add[1])),4]))
- final_ratios_corrected[,c(l)] <- new_col$laconic_corrected2
- }
- # Calculate mean and SEM for pH-corrected data
- final_ratios_correctedb <- as.data.frame(final_ratios_corrected[,c(1,2)])
- final_ratios_correctedc <- as.data.frame(final_ratios_corrected[,-c(1,2)])
- final_ratios_correctedb[,c(3)] <- rowMeans(final_ratios_correctedc)
- for (m in 1:nrow(final_ratios_correctedc)){
- final_ratios_correctedb[c(m),c(4)] <- std.error(t(final_ratios_correctedc[c(m),]))
- }
- # Save pH-corrected results
- write.csv(final_ratios_corrected, paste0(output_path, "/laconic_ratios_pH_corrected_", file_uploaded))
- write.csv(final_ratios_correctedb, paste0(output_path, "/laconic_ratios_pH_corrected_mean_SEM_", file_uploaded))
- # Calculate area under curve for pH-corrected data
- area_list1 <- as.data.frame(matrix(0,nrow=0,ncol=1))
- for (k in 3:ncol(final_ratios_corrected)){
- # Get treatment period data
- col1 <- as.data.frame(final_ratios_corrected[c(which(final_ratios_corrected$time>time_add[1] & final_ratios_corrected$time<time_add[2])),c(2,k)])
- colnames(col1) <- c("time","ratio")
- # Get baseline period data
- precol1 <- as.data.frame(final_ratios_corrected[c(final_ratios_corrected$time<time_add[1]),c(2,k)])
- colnames(precol1) <- c("time","ratio")
- precol2 <- as.data.frame(rbind(precol1,col1))
- # Set up periods for causal impact analysis
- pre.period <- c(1,nrow(precol1))
- post.period <- c((nrow(precol1)+1),nrow(precol2))
- precol2 <- as.data.frame(precol2[,order(ncol(precol2):1)])
- # Perform causal impact analysis
- impact <- CausalImpact(precol2, pre.period, post.period)
- impact_vals <- as.data.frame(impact$series)
- impact_vals <- as.data.frame(impact_vals[-c(1:nrow(precol1)),])
- # Calculate area under curve
- col1 <- col1 %>% mutate(base=impact_vals$point.pred)
- time1 <- as.numeric(min(col1$time))
- time2 <- as.numeric(max(col1$time))
- area1 <- auc(col1$time, col1$ratio, from=time1, to=time2)
- area2 <- auc(col1$time, col1$base, from=time1, to=time2)
- area <- as.data.frame((area1-area2)/nrow(col1))
- # Store results
- colnames(area) <- c("area")
- colnames(area_list1) <- colnames(area)
- area_list1 <- as.data.frame(rbind(area_list1, area))
- }
- # Save pH-corrected AUC results
- write.csv(area_list1, paste0(output_path, "/AUC_per_time_pH_corrected_", file_uploaded))
- }
Laconic analysis with pH correction.R at commit edf2365, no license · at the source
Overview
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Molecular and Translational Biology Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
Abstract
The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.
Repositories
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.
kvenkatachalam-lab/Price_and_Rastegari_2026
edf236547b9c14d563fa2823a0933861c4bad482, 11 June 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
2 files
- Laconic analysis with pH correction.R, R, 448 lines
- README.md, Text, 37 lines
Zenodo 20649762
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
2 files
- Laconic analysis with pH correction.R, R, 448 lines
- README.md, Text, 37 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
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Price_and_Rastegari_2026 , Zenodo 20649762 - it says that the data are available on request
- it says that the code is available on request
Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104802.
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Version 2, 28 September 2026
- Authors: added Kartik Venkatachalam (0000-0002-3055-9265); removed Kartik Venkatachalam
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 3 authors, 5 keywords, 1 funder, 6 references, 5 RRIDs.
Cite
This paper
Price, M. S., Rastegari, E., & Venkatachalam, K. (2026). Protocol for pH correction of FRET-based fluorescent biosensor imaging in dissociated Drosophila neurons. STAR protocols, 7(3), 104802. https://
BibTeX
@article{price2026protoc
author = {Price, Matthew S and Rastegari, Elham and Venkatachalam, Kartik},
title = {{Protocol for pH correction of FRET-based fluorescent biosensor imaging in dissociated Drosophila neurons}},
journal = {STAR protocols},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {104802},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2666-1667},
doi = {10.1016/
url = {https://
pmid = {42664056},
pmcid = {PMC13546833}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Price, Matthew S
AU - Rastegari, Elham
AU - Venkatachalam, Kartik
TI - Protocol for pH correction of FRET-based fluorescent biosensor imaging in dissociated Drosophila neurons
T2 - STAR protocols
J2 - STAR Protoc
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 7
IS - 3
SP - 104802
SN - 2666-1667
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1016/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Protocol for pH correction of FRET-based fluorescent biosensor imaging in dissociated Drosophila neurons",
"container-title": "STAR protocols",
"author": [
{
"family": "Price",
"given": "Matthew S"
},
{
"family": "Rastegari",
"given": "Elham"
},
{
"family": "Venkatachalam",
"given": "Kartik"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "7",
"issue": "3",
"page": "104802",
"DOI": "10.1016/
"PMID": "42664056",
"PMCID": "PMC13546833",
"ISSN": "2666-1667",
"publisher": "Elsevier",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
27
]
]
}
}
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