A pegivirus associated with encephalitis in red-legged partridges shows neurotropism across avian species.
Paper
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The authors' code
R · 245 lines · 7.4 KB · MIT
- # ===============================================================
- # 🧪 Table Analyzer — One-way ANOVA Module (Validated Version)
- # ===============================================================
- one_way_anova_ui <- function(id) {
- ns <- NS(id)
- list(
- config = tagList(
- uiOutput(ns("inputs")),
- uiOutput(ns("level_order")),
- tags$details(
- tags$summary(strong("Advanced options")),
- stratification_ui("strat", ns)
- ),
- br(),
- fluidRow(
- column(
- 6,
- with_help_tooltip(
- actionButton(ns("run"), "Run analysis", width = "100%"),
- "Run the ANOVA using the selected response and group variable."
- )
- ),
- column(
- 6,
- with_help_tooltip(
- downloadButton(ns("download_all"), "Download results", style = "width: 100%;"),
- "Export the ANOVA summaries, post-hoc tests, and diagnostics."
- )
- )
- )
- ),
- results = uiOutput(ns("summary_ui"))
- )
- }
- one_way_anova_server <- function(id, filtered_data) {
- moduleServer(id, function(input, output, session) {
- ns <- session$ns
- responses <- multi_response_server("response", filtered_data)
- strat_info <- stratification_server("strat", filtered_data)
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- # UI inputs
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- output$inputs <- renderUI({
- req(filtered_data())
- data <- filtered_data()
- cat_cols <- names(data)[sapply(data, is.factor) | sapply(data, is.character)]
- validate(
- need(length(cat_cols) > 0,
- "No categorical predictor available. Please upload a factor or character variable.")
- )
- tagList(
- multi_response_ui(ns("response")),
- with_help_tooltip(
- selectInput(
- ns("group"),
- "Categorical predictor",
- choices = cat_cols,
- selected = cat_cols[1]
- ),
- "Choose the grouping variable that defines the comparison categories."
- )
- )
- })
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- # Order of levels
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- output$level_order <- renderUI({
- req(filtered_data(), input$group)
- levels <- resolve_order_levels(filtered_data()[[input$group]])
- with_help_tooltip(
- selectInput(
- ns("order"),
- "Order of levels (first = post-hoc reference)",
- choices = levels,
- selected = levels,
- multiple = TRUE
- ),
- "Arrange the group levels; the first level is used as the reference for post-hoc comparisons."
- )
- })
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- # Run models
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- models <- eventReactive(input$run, {
- df <- filtered_data()
- req(df, input$group)
- resp_vals <- responses()
- # ------------------------
- # Validations
- # ------------------------
- validate(
- need(length(resp_vals) > 0,
- "Select at least one response variable.")
- )
- validate(
- need(all(sapply(df[resp_vals], is.numeric)),
- "All selected response variables must be numeric.")
- )
- # Response variance
- for (r in resp_vals) {
- validate(
- need(stats::var(df[[r]], na.rm = TRUE) > 0,
- paste("Response", r, "has zero variance and cannot be analyzed."))
- )
- }
- # Group must have >= 2 levels
- grp <- df[[input$group]]
- validate(
- need(dplyr::n_distinct(grp, na.rm = TRUE) > 1,
- paste0("Categorical predictor '", input$group, "' must contain at least two levels."))
- )
- # Order must have >= 2 items
- validate(
- need(length(input$order) > 1,
- paste0("The level order for '", input$group, "' must contain at least two levels."))
- )
- # Order must match data
- actual_levels <- unique(grp)
- missing_levels <- setdiff(input$order, actual_levels)
- validate(
- need(length(missing_levels) == 0,
- paste0("Invalid level order for '", input$group,
- "'. Some selected levels are not present in the filtered data: ",
- paste(missing_levels, collapse = ", ")))
- )
- # Stratification checks
- s_info <- strat_info()
- if (!is.null(s_info$var)) {
- validate(
- need(!identical(s_info$var, input$group),
- paste0("Stratification variable '", s_info$var,
- "' cannot be the same as the categorical predictor."))
- )
- for (lev in s_info$levels) {
- sub_df <- df[df[[s_info$var]] == lev, ]
- k <- dplyr::n_distinct(sub_df[[input$group]], na.rm = TRUE)
- validate(
- need(k > 1,
- paste0("In stratum '", lev, "', categorical predictor '", input$group,
- "' contains fewer than two levels."))
- )
- }
- }
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- # Run the main stratified ANOVA preparation
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- prepare_stratified_anova(
- df = df,
- responses = resp_vals,
- model = "oneway_anova",
- factor1_var = input$group,
- factor1_order = input$order,
- stratification = strat_info()
- )
- })
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- # Download handler
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- output$download_all <- downloadHandler(
- filename = function() {
- info <- models()
- n_resp <- length(info$responses)
- label <- if (!is.null(info$strata$var)) {
- paste0("stratified_by_", janitor::make_clean_names(info$strata$var))
- } else {
- NULL
- }
- response_tag <- if (n_resp == 1) {
- janitor::make_clean_names(info$responses[1])
- } else {
- paste0(n_resp, "resp")
- }
- build_export_filename(
- analysis = "anova",
- scope = "all",
- extra = c(response_tag, label)
- )
- },
- content = function(file) download_all_anova_results(models(), file)
- )
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- # Summary UI
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- output$summary_ui <- renderUI({
- render_anova_results(ns, models(), "One-way ANOVA")
- })
- # Forwarding other outputs
- bind_anova_outputs(ns, output, models)
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- # Exportable ANOVA results object
- # -----------------------------------------------------
- anova_results <- reactive({
- mod <- models()
- req(mod)
- res <- compile_anova_results(mod)
- list(
- analysis_type = "ANOVA",
- type = "oneway_anova",
- data_used = mod$data_used,
- model = mod$models,
- summary = res$summary,
- posthoc = res$posthoc,
- effects = res$effects,
- stats = list(
- n = nrow(mod$data_used),
- vars = names(mod$data_used)
- ),
- errors = res$errors,
- responses = mod$responses,
- strata = mod$strata,
- factors = mod$factors,
- orders = mod$orders
- )
- })
- return(anova_results)
- })
- }
anova_oneway_analysis.R at commit 39ca8fe, under MIT · at the source
Overview
- Clinical Unit for Poultry Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine,Vienna, Austria
- Labovet Conseil, Les Herbiers, France
- Diagnostic Imaging - Clinical Center for Small Animal Health and Research, University of Veterinary Medicine,Vienna, Austria
- Independent Pathologist, Lasseube, France
- Institute for Veterinary Disease Control, Division for Animal Health, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety,Mödling, Austria
- Present Address: Histovac GmbH, Klosterneuburg, Austria
Abstract
Pegiviruses are generally regarded as non-pathogenic viruses with controversial clinical significance. Here, we describe an avian pegivirus (partridge pegivirus, ParPgV) associated with field outbreaks of encephalitis in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). Next-generation sequencing identified ParPgV in brain tissues, revealing two distinct avian-origin pegiviruses. Histopathology and electron microscopy revealed encephalitic lesions, neuronal degeneration, and viral particles within neurons. Field surveillance demonstrated widespread vertical transmission across multiple partridge flocks. Experimental inoculation of red-legged partridges, grey partridges, and specific-pathogen-free chickens demonstrated viral neurotropism and systemic distribution with differences in humoral immune response. Infected red-legged partridges developed cerebellar atrophy detectable by MRI. Detection of negative-strand RNA replication intermediates confirmed active viral replication across different experimental hosts, and RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry further confirmed viral RNA and antigen in neural and lymphoid tissues. Here, we show experimental evidence supporting an association between a pegivirus and encephalitis, and suggest underappreciated neuropathogenic potential.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repositories
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.
nicola-palmieri/TableAnalyzer
39ca8febd375f58353e7c8d0135f2adb4fd3eab1, 15 September 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
61 files
- R/
anova_oneway_analysis.R , R, 245 lines - R/
anova_oneway_visualize.R , R, 342 lines - R/
anova_shared_barplots.R , R, 665 lines - R/
anova_shared_boxplots.R , R, 122 lines - R/
anova_shared_data.R , R, 48 lines - R/
anova_shared_lineplots.R , R, 465 lines - R/
anova_shared_model.R , R, 218 lines - R/
anova_shared_plot_contex , R, 217 linest.R - R/
anova_shared_results.R , R, 513 lines - R/
anova_shared_ui.R , R, 301 lines - R/
anova_shared_utils.R , R, 12 lines - R/
anova_twoway_analysis.R , R, 279 lines - R/
anova_twoway_visualize.R , R, 483 lines - R/
descriptive_analysis.R , R, 509 lines - R/
descriptive_visualize.R , R, 104 lines - R/
descriptive_visualize_ca , R, 520 linestegorical_barplots.R - R/
descriptive_visualize_nu , R, 683 linesmeric_boxplots.R - R/
descriptive_visualize_nu , R, 474 linesmeric_histograms.R - R/
helpers.R , R, 136 lines - R/
lm_analysis.R , R, 7 lines - R/
lmm_analysis.R , R, 36 lines - R/
module_analysis.R , R, 316 lines - R/
module_filter.R , R, 326 lines - R/
module_home.R , R, 104 lines - R/
module_upload.R , R, 396 lines - R/
module_upload_helpers.R , R, 96 lines - R/
module_visualize.R , R, 288 lines - R/
pairwise_correlation_ana , R, 359 lineslysis.R - R/
pairwise_correlation_vis , R, 187 linesualize.R - R/
pairwise_correlation_vis , R, 303 linesualize_ggpairs.R - R/
pca_analysis.R , R, 355 lines - R/
pca_visualize.R , R, 1,000 lines - R/
regression_analysis.R , R, 325 lines - R/
regression_shared_export , R, 309 lines.R - R/
regression_shared_formul , R, 29 linesa.R - R/
regression_shared_model. , R, 347 linesR - R/
regression_shared_result , R, 330 liness.R - R/
regression_shared_ui.R , R, 43 lines - R/
regression_shared_utils. , R, 37 linesR - R/
regression_shared_valida , R, 134 linestion.R - R/
submodule_base_size.R , R, 56 lines - R/
submodule_colors.R , R, 350 lines - R/
submodule_multiple_respo , R, 58 linesnses.R - R/
submodule_plot_grid.R , R, 201 lines - R/
submodule_stratification , R, 84 lines.R - R/
submodule_subplot_size.R , R, 69 lines - R/
submodule_theme.R , R, 34 lines - app.R, R, 141 lines
- dev/
lm_visualize.R , R, 375 lines - dev/
new_graphics.R , R, 197 lines - tests/
run_tests.R , R, 3 lines - tests/
test_analysis_helpers.R , R, 63 lines - tests/
test_analysis_invalidati , R, 56 lineson.R - tests/
test_convert_wide_to_lon , R, 190 linesg.R - tests/
test_helpers.R , R, 46 lines - tests/
test_plot_edge_cases.R , R, 82 lines - tests/
test_preprocess_uploaded , R, 87 lines_table.R - tests/
test_regression_helpers. , R, 44 linesR - tests/
test_regression_model.R , R, 59 lines - tests/
test_type3_contrasts.R , R, 44 lines - README.md, Text, 115 lines
Zenodo 19233119
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
53 files
- R/
anova_oneway_analysis.R , R, 245 lines - R/
anova_oneway_visualize.R , R, 342 lines - R/
anova_shared_barplots.R , R, 654 lines - R/
anova_shared_boxplots.R , R, 122 lines - R/
anova_shared_data.R , R, 48 lines - R/
anova_shared_lineplots.R , R, 442 lines - R/
anova_shared_model.R , R, 211 lines - R/
anova_shared_plot_contex , R, 217 linest.R - R/
anova_shared_results.R , R, 517 lines - R/
anova_shared_ui.R , R, 301 lines - R/
anova_shared_utils.R , R, 12 lines - R/
anova_twoway_analysis.R , R, 279 lines - R/
anova_twoway_visualize.R , R, 483 lines - R/
descriptive_analysis.R , R, 509 lines - R/
descriptive_visualize.R , R, 104 lines - R/
descriptive_visualize_ca , R, 520 linestegorical_barplots.R - R/
descriptive_visualize_nu , R, 683 linesmeric_boxplots.R - R/
descriptive_visualize_nu , R, 474 linesmeric_histograms.R - R/
helpers.R , R, 117 lines - R/
lm_analysis.R , R, 7 lines - R/
lmm_analysis.R , R, 36 lines - R/
module_analysis.R , R, 296 lines - R/
module_filter.R , R, 326 lines - R/
module_home.R , R, 104 lines - R/
module_upload.R , R, 396 lines - R/
module_upload_helpers.R , R, 87 lines - R/
module_visualize.R , R, 288 lines - R/
pairwise_correlation_ana , R, 359 lineslysis.R - R/
pairwise_correlation_vis , R, 187 linesualize.R - R/
pairwise_correlation_vis , R, 303 linesualize_ggpairs.R - R/
pca_analysis.R , R, 355 lines - R/
pca_visualize.R , R, 1,000 lines - R/
regression_analysis.R , R, 323 lines - R/
regression_shared_export , R, 309 lines.R - R/
regression_shared_formul , R, 29 linesa.R - R/
regression_shared_model. , R, 344 linesR - R/
regression_shared_result , R, 330 liness.R - R/
regression_shared_ui.R , R, 43 lines - R/
regression_shared_utils. , R, 37 linesR - R/
regression_shared_valida , R, 134 linestion.R - R/
submodule_base_size.R , R, 56 lines - R/
submodule_colors.R , R, 350 lines - R/
submodule_multiple_respo , R, 58 linesnses.R - R/
submodule_plot_grid.R , R, 201 lines - R/
submodule_stratification , R, 84 lines.R - R/
submodule_subplot_size.R , R, 69 lines - R/
submodule_theme.R , R, 34 lines - app.R, R, 141 lines
- dev/
lm_visualize.R , R, 375 lines - dev/
new_graphics.R , R, 197 lines - tests/
test_convert_wide_to_lon , R, 186 linesg.R - tests/
test_preprocess_uploaded , R, 87 lines_table.R - README.md, Text, 106 lines
Code availability
Serological data were assessed with Table Analyzer (Version 388 v1.10), an R Shiny web application publicly available on GitHub (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 2 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
- 112 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- no match between paragraphs and code yet;
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
Datasets cited
- bioproject:PRJNA1314175, at NCBI BioProject; found in “Data availability”
Data availability
The complete genome sequences of ParPgV-A and ParPgV-C have been deposited in the NCBI GenBank under accession numbers PV472371 (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 12 authors, 4 keywords, 14 MeSH terms, 41 references.
Cite
This paper
Matos, M., Bilic, I., Viloux, N., Jaskulska, B., Geißler, F., Vali, Y., Ludewig, E., Albaric, O., Richter, S., Liebhart, D., Palmieri, N., & Hess, M. (2026). A pegivirus associated with encephalitis in red-legged partridges shows neurotropism across avian species. Nature communications, 17(1), 7200. https://
BibTeX
@article{matos2026pegivi
author = {Matos, Miguel and Bilic, Ivana and Viloux, Nicolas and Jaskulska, Barbara and Geißler, Fatou and Vali, Yasamin and Ludewig, Eberhard and Albaric, Olivier and Richter, Susanne and Liebhart, Dieter and Palmieri, Nicola and Hess, Michael},
title = {{A pegivirus associated with encephalitis in red-legged partridges shows neurotropism across avian species}},
journal = {Nature communications},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {7200},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/
url = {https://
pmid = {42248885},
pmcid = {PMC13396197}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Matos, Miguel
AU - Bilic, Ivana
AU - Viloux, Nicolas
AU - Jaskulska, Barbara
AU - Geißler, Fatou
AU - Vali, Yasamin
AU - Ludewig, Eberhard
AU - Albaric, Olivier
AU - Richter, Susanne
AU - Liebhart, Dieter
AU - Palmieri, Nicola
AU - Hess, Michael
TI - A pegivirus associated with encephalitis in red-legged partridges shows neurotropism across avian species
T2 - Nature communications
J2 - Nat Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 7200
SN - 2041-1723
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1038/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "A pegivirus associated with encephalitis in red-legged partridges shows neurotropism across avian species",
"container-title": "Nature communications",
"author": [
{
"family": "Matos",
"given": "Miguel"
},
{
"family": "Bilic",
"given": "Ivana"
},
{
"family": "Viloux",
"given": "Nicolas"
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{
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{
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{
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{
"family": "Ludewig",
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{
"family": "Albaric",
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{
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"given": "Susanne"
},
{
"family": "Liebhart",
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"family": "Palmieri",
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"family": "Hess",
"given": "Michael"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "17",
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"DOI": "10.1038/
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"publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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}
}
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