Ambiguity tolerance and resting-state functional connectivity: A preregistered conceptual replication in a Japanese sample.
The 3 matches
- [1] § Method › Data analysis › Statistical analysis ↔ Matlab Script/conn_second_level.m, lines 63–105 · score 0.77 · transformed correlation, left IPL left, anterior insula, left OFC, Fisher, H1
- [2] § Method › Data analysis › Regions of interest ↔ Matlab Script/conn_create_rois.m, lines 15–52 · score 0.77 · anterior insula, left MFG, left OFC, left IPL, MNI, bilateral
- [3] § Method › Data analysis › Regions of interest ↔ Matlab Script/conn_create_rois_v2.m, lines 31–68 · score 0.77 · anterior insula, left MFG, left OFC, left IPL, MNI, bilateral
Paper
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The authors' code
MATLAB · 323 lines · 10 KB · no license · 1 match
- %% HAIKU resting-state fMRI: 2nd-level Analysis スクリプト(修正版v4)
- % 3つの仮説を検証:
- % H1: DA → Amygdala ↔ Anterior Insula
- % H2: AB → Left OFC ↔ ACC
- % H3: NC → Left IPL ↔ MFG/MCC
- % 共変量: age, sex, mean FD
- %% 設定
- conn_project = 'D:\mri_toolbox\HAIKU_rest_conn\conn_project01.mat';
- data_dir = 'D:\mri_toolbox';
- % 結果フォルダ
- results_dir = 'D:\mri_toolbox\HAIKU_rest_conn\conn_project01\results\firstlevel\SBC_01';
- % 有効な被験者ID
- valid_ids = [3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44];
- n_subjects = length(valid_ids);
- %% Step 1: Mean FD(Framewise Displacement)の計算
- disp('=== Mean FD 計算中 ===');
- mean_fd = zeros(n_subjects, 1);
- for i = 1:n_subjects
- subj_id = valid_ids(i);
- subj_folder = sprintf('HAIKU_%02d', subj_id);
- % rpファイルのパス
- rp_folder = fullfile(data_dir, subj_folder, '2_mb_ep_bold_mb4_sl76_tr2_rest');
- rp_files = dir(fullfile(rp_folder, 'rp_*.txt'));
- if isempty(rp_files)
- warning('Subject %d: rp file not found', subj_id);
- continue;
- end
- rp_file = fullfile(rp_folder, rp_files(1).name);
- rp = load(rp_file);
- % FD計算(Power et al., 2012)
- rp_mm = rp;
- rp_mm(:, 4:6) = rp(:, 4:6) * 50; % radian to mm (r=50mm)
- diff_rp = diff(rp_mm);
- fd = sum(abs(diff_rp), 2);
- mean_fd(i) = mean(fd);
- fprintf('Subject %02d: mean FD = %.4f mm\n', subj_id, mean_fd(i));
- end
- disp(' ');
- fprintf('Mean FD across subjects: %.4f (SD = %.4f) mm\n', mean(mean_fd), std(mean_fd));
- %% Step 2: ROIインデックスの設定(修正済み)
- roi_idx = struct();
- roi_idx.amygdala = 1; % Amygdala_bilateral
- roi_idx.ai = 2; % Anterior_Insula_bilateral
- roi_idx.lofc = 3; % Left_OFC
- roi_idx.acc = 4; % ACC_bilateral
- roi_idx.lipl = 5; % Left_IPL
- roi_idx.lmfg = 6; % Left_MFG
- roi_idx.mcc = 7; % MCC
- %% Step 3: 各被験者のROI-to-ROI相関を抽出
- disp(' ');
- disp('=== 各被験者のROI間相関を抽出 ===');
- % 各被験者のZ値を格納
- fc_h1 = zeros(n_subjects, 1); % Amygdala - AI
- fc_h2 = zeros(n_subjects, 1); % Left OFC - ACC
- fc_h3_mfg = zeros(n_subjects, 1); % Left IPL - Left MFG
- fc_h3_mcc = zeros(n_subjects, 1); % Left IPL - MCC
- for i = 1:n_subjects
- % Subject番号は1から39の連番
- roi_file = fullfile(results_dir, sprintf('resultsROI_Subject%03d_Condition001.mat', i));
- if exist(roi_file, 'file')
- data = load(roi_file);
- Z = data.Z; % Fisher's Z transformed correlation matrix
- % H1: Amygdala - Anterior Insula
- fc_h1(i) = Z(roi_idx.amygdala, roi_idx.ai);
- % H2: Left OFC - ACC
- fc_h2(i) = Z(roi_idx.lofc, roi_idx.acc);
- % H3: Left IPL - Left MFG, Left IPL - MCC
- fc_h3_mfg(i) = Z(roi_idx.lipl, roi_idx.lmfg);
- fc_h3_mcc(i) = Z(roi_idx.lipl, roi_idx.mcc);
- fprintf('Subject %03d (ID%02d): H1=%.4f, H2=%.4f, H3_MFG=%.4f, H3_MCC=%.4f\n', ...
- i, valid_ids(i), fc_h1(i), fc_h2(i), fc_h3_mfg(i), fc_h3_mcc(i));
- else
- warning('Subject %d: ROI results file not found: %s', i, roi_file);
- end
- end
- % H3は MFG と MCC の平均を使用
- fc_h3 = (fc_h3_mfg + fc_h3_mcc) / 2;
- disp(' ');
- disp('FC values summary:');
- fprintf('H1 (Amygdala-AI): mean = %.4f, SD = %.4f\n', mean(fc_h1), std(fc_h1));
- fprintf('H2 (OFC-ACC): mean = %.4f, SD = %.4f\n', mean(fc_h2), std(fc_h2));
- fprintf('H3 (IPL-MFG/MCC): mean = %.4f, SD = %.4f\n', mean(fc_h3), std(fc_h3));
- %% Step 4: 質問紙データ読み込み
- disp(' ');
- disp('=== 質問紙データ読み込み ===');
- csv_file = 'D:\mri_toolbox\HAIKU_rest_conn\trait_MAAS.csv';
- data_table = readtable(csv_file);
- data_table = sortrows(data_table, 'ID');
- DA = data_table.DA;
- AB = data_table.AB;
- NC = data_table.NC;
- age = data_table.age;
- sex = data_table.sex;
- fprintf('DA: mean = %.4f, SD = %.4f\n', mean(DA), std(DA));
- fprintf('AB: mean = %.4f, SD = %.4f\n', mean(AB), std(AB));
- fprintf('NC: mean = %.4f, SD = %.4f\n', mean(NC), std(NC));
- %% Step 5: t分布・F分布のp値計算関数(Statistics Toolbox不要)
- function p = my_tcdf(t, df)
- % t分布の累積分布関数(片側)
- x = df ./ (df + t.^2);
- p = 0.5 * betainc(x, df/2, 0.5);
- p(t > 0) = 1 - p(t > 0);
- end
- function p = my_fcdf(F, df1, df2)
- % F分布の累積分布関数
- x = df2 ./ (df2 + df1 .* F);
- p = 1 - betainc(x, df2/2, df1/2);
- end
- %% Step 6: 回帰分析(Statistics Toolbox完全不要版)
- disp(' ');
- disp('========================================');
- disp('=== 回帰分析結果 ===');
- disp('========================================');
- function [b, t_vals, p_vals, R2, F_stat, p_F, se] = my_regress(y, X)
- n = length(y);
- k = size(X, 2);
- % 最小二乗法
- b = (X' * X) \ (X' * y);
- % 予測値と残差
- y_hat = X * b;
- residuals = y - y_hat;
- % 平方和
- SS_res = sum(residuals.^2);
- SS_tot = sum((y - mean(y)).^2);
- % R-squared
- R2 = 1 - SS_res / SS_tot;
- % MSE
- df = n - k;
- MSE = SS_res / df;
- % 標準誤差
- var_b = MSE * inv(X' * X);
- se = sqrt(diag(var_b));
- % t値
- t_vals = b ./ se;
- % p値(両側検定)
- p_vals = zeros(size(t_vals));
- for j = 1:length(t_vals)
- p_vals(j) = 2 * my_tcdf(-abs(t_vals(j)), df);
- end
- % F統計量
- MS_reg = (SS_tot - SS_res) / (k - 1);
- F_stat = MS_reg / MSE;
- p_F = 1 - my_fcdf(F_stat, k - 1, df);
- end
- % 共変量行列
- covariates = [age, sex, mean_fd];
- % --- H1: DA → Amygdala-AI ---
- disp(' ');
- disp('--- H1: DA → Amygdala-Anterior Insula ---');
- X_h1 = [ones(n_subjects, 1), DA, covariates];
- [b_h1, t_h1, p_h1, R2_h1, F_h1, pF_h1, se_h1] = my_regress(fc_h1, X_h1);
- fprintf('DA coefficient (β): %.4f (SE = %.4f)\n', b_h1(2), se_h1(2));
- fprintf('t-value: %.4f\n', t_h1(2));
- fprintf('p-value: %.6f\n', p_h1(2));
- fprintf('R-squared: %.4f\n', R2_h1);
- fprintf('F(%d,%d) = %.4f, p = %.6f\n', size(X_h1,2)-1, n_subjects-size(X_h1,2), F_h1, pF_h1);
- % --- H2: AB → Left OFC-ACC ---
- disp(' ');
- disp('--- H2: AB → Left OFC-ACC ---');
- X_h2 = [ones(n_subjects, 1), AB, covariates];
- [b_h2, t_h2, p_h2, R2_h2, F_h2, pF_h2, se_h2] = my_regress(fc_h2, X_h2);
- fprintf('AB coefficient (β): %.4f (SE = %.4f)\n', b_h2(2), se_h2(2));
- fprintf('t-value: %.4f\n', t_h2(2));
- fprintf('p-value: %.6f\n', p_h2(2));
- fprintf('R-squared: %.4f\n', R2_h2);
- fprintf('F(%d,%d) = %.4f, p = %.6f\n', size(X_h2,2)-1, n_subjects-size(X_h2,2), F_h2, pF_h2);
- % --- H3: NC → Left IPL-MFG/MCC ---
- disp(' ');
- disp('--- H3: NC → Left IPL-MFG/MCC ---');
- X_h3 = [ones(n_subjects, 1), NC, covariates];
- [b_h3, t_h3, p_h3, R2_h3, F_h3, pF_h3, se_h3] = my_regress(fc_h3, X_h3);
- fprintf('NC coefficient (β): %.4f (SE = %.4f)\n', b_h3(2), se_h3(2));
- fprintf('t-value: %.4f\n', t_h3(2));
- fprintf('p-value: %.6f\n', p_h3(2));
- fprintf('R-squared: %.4f\n', R2_h3);
- fprintf('F(%d,%d) = %.4f, p = %.6f\n', size(X_h3,2)-1, n_subjects-size(X_h3,2), F_h3, pF_h3);
- %% Step 7: 結果サマリー
- disp(' ');
- disp('========================================');
- disp('=== 結果サマリー ===');
- disp('========================================');
- disp('Bonferroni補正閾値: p < 0.017 (0.05/3)');
- disp(' ');
- fprintf('H1 (DA → Amygdala-AI): β = %+.4f, t(%d) = %+.4f, p = %.4f', b_h1(2), n_subjects-size(X_h1,2), t_h1(2), p_h1(2));
- if p_h1(2) < 0.017
- fprintf(' **\n');
- elseif p_h1(2) < 0.05
- fprintf(' *\n');
- else
- fprintf('\n');
- end
- fprintf('H2 (AB → OFC-ACC): β = %+.4f, t(%d) = %+.4f, p = %.4f', b_h2(2), n_subjects-size(X_h2,2), t_h2(2), p_h2(2));
- if p_h2(2) < 0.017
- fprintf(' **\n');
- elseif p_h2(2) < 0.05
- fprintf(' *\n');
- else
- fprintf('\n');
- end
- fprintf('H3 (NC → IPL-MFG/MCC): β = %+.4f, t(%d) = %+.4f, p = %.4f', b_h3(2), n_subjects-size(X_h3,2), t_h3(2), p_h3(2));
- if p_h3(2) < 0.017
- fprintf(' **\n');
- elseif p_h3(2) < 0.05
- fprintf(' *\n');
- else
- fprintf('\n');
- end
- disp(' ');
- disp('** = significant at Bonferroni-corrected threshold (p < .017)');
- disp('* = significant at uncorrected threshold (p < .05)');
- %% Step 8: 結果をCSVに保存
- results_table = table(valid_ids', DA, AB, NC, age, sex, mean_fd, fc_h1, fc_h2, fc_h3, fc_h3_mfg, fc_h3_mcc, ...
- 'VariableNames', {'ID', 'DA', 'AB', 'NC', 'age', 'sex', 'mean_FD', 'FC_Amyg_AI', 'FC_OFC_ACC', 'FC_IPL_MFG_MCC', 'FC_IPL_MFG', 'FC_IPL_MCC'});
- output_csv = 'D:\mri_toolbox\HAIKU_rest_conn\analysis_results.csv';
- writetable(results_table, output_csv);
- fprintf('\n結果をCSVに保存しました: %s\n', output_csv);
- %% Step 9: 散布図の作成
- disp(' ');
- disp('=== 散布図を作成中 ===');
- figure('Position', [100, 100, 1200, 400]);
- % H1: DA vs Amygdala-AI
- subplot(1, 3, 1);
- scatter(DA, fc_h1, 50, 'filled');
- hold on;
- p = polyfit(DA, fc_h1, 1);
- x_line = linspace(min(DA), max(DA), 100);
- y_line = polyval(p, x_line);
- plot(x_line, y_line, 'r-', 'LineWidth', 2);
- xlabel('Discomfort with Ambiguity (DA)');
- ylabel('FC: Amygdala - Anterior Insula (Z)');
- title(sprintf('H1: \\beta = %.3f, p = %.3f', b_h1(2), p_h1(2)));
- grid on;
- % H2: AB vs OFC-ACC
- subplot(1, 3, 2);
- scatter(AB, fc_h2, 50, 'filled');
- hold on;
- p = polyfit(AB, fc_h2, 1);
- x_line = linspace(min(AB), max(AB), 100);
- y_line = polyval(p, x_line);
- plot(x_line, y_line, 'r-', 'LineWidth', 2);
- xlabel('Absolutism (AB)');
- ylabel('FC: Left OFC - ACC (Z)');
- title(sprintf('H2: \\beta = %.3f, p = %.3f', b_h2(2), p_h2(2)));
- grid on;
- % H3: NC vs IPL-MFG/MCC
- subplot(1, 3, 3);
- scatter(NC, fc_h3, 50, 'filled');
- hold on;
- p = polyfit(NC, fc_h3, 1);
- x_line = linspace(min(NC), max(NC), 100);
- y_line = polyval(p, x_line);
- plot(x_line, y_line, 'r-', 'LineWidth', 2);
- xlabel('Need for Complexity (NC)');
- ylabel('FC: Left IPL - MFG/MCC (Z)');
- title(sprintf('H3: \\beta = %.3f, p = %.3f', b_h3(2), p_h3(2)));
- grid on;
- % 図を保存
- saveas(gcf, 'D:\mri_toolbox\HAIKU_rest_conn\scatter_plots.png');
- fprintf('散布図を保存しました: D:\\mri_toolbox\\HAIKU_rest_conn\\scatter_plots.png\n');
- disp(' ');
- disp('=== 解析完了 ===');
conn_second_level.m, no license · at the source
Overview
- Experimental Psychology Unit, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Helmut Schmidt University, Germany
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
Abstract
Objective: To examine how three dimensions of the Multidimensional Attitude toward Ambiguity Scale (MAAS)—Discomfort with Ambiguity, Absolutism, and Need for Complexity—relate to resting-state functional connectivity, conceptually replicating and extending the work of Liu et al. (2023) in a Japanese sample. Liu et al. (2023) reported that higher ambiguity tolerance was associated with stronger connectivity in integration and control networks, whereas lower ambiguity tolerance was associated with stronger connectivity in threat- and error-monitoring circuits. Of the three MAAS dimensions, Need for Complexity was the one most closely aligned with their measure.
Methods: Thirty-nine participants underwent resting-state MRI and completed the MAAS. Region-of-interest (ROI)-to-ROI analyses were used to test the associations between each MAAS dimension and its hypothesized connectivity pair, controlling for age, sex, and head motion.
Results: No MAAS dimension was significantly associated with its corresponding connectivity pair. Effect sizes were negligible, although the Need for Complexity showed a small zero-order correlation with inferior parietal lobule–middle cingulate cortex connectivity.
Conclusions: These findings contrast with earlier reports using unidimensional measures, suggesting that previously observed neural correlates may not map directly onto specific MAAS dimensions. Larger, well-powered, cross-cultural studies are needed.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 3 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
OSF 84ev5
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
7 files
- Matlab Script/
conn_add_covariates.m , MATLAB, 46 lines - Matlab Script/
conn_create_rois.m , MATLAB, 144 lines, 1 match - Matlab Script/
conn_create_rois_v2.m , MATLAB, 144 lines, 1 match - Matlab Script/
conn_first_level.m , MATLAB, 24 lines - Matlab Script/
conn_second_level.m , MATLAB, 323 lines, 1 match - Matlab Script/
exploratory_analysis_H3a , MATLAB, 122 linesb.m - Matlab Script/
zero_order_correlations. , MATLAB, 45 linesm
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
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Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Data availability
Behavioral data and analysis scripts are publicly available in the Open Science Framework (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 1 author, 5 keywords, 2 funders, 29 references.
Cite
This paper
Hitsuwari, J. (2026). Ambiguity tolerance and resting-state functional connectivity: A preregistered conceptual replication in a Japanese sample. Neuroimage. Reports, 6(3), 100376. https://
BibTeX
@article{hitsuwari2026am
author = {Hitsuwari, Jimpei},
title = {{Ambiguity tolerance and resting-state functional connectivity: A preregistered conceptual replication in a Japanese sample}},
journal = {Neuroimage. Reports},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {6},
number = {3},
pages = {100376},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2666-9560},
doi = {10.1016/
url = {https://
pmid = {42381863},
pmcid = {PMC13315806}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Hitsuwari, Jimpei
TI - Ambiguity tolerance and resting-state functional connectivity: A preregistered conceptual replication in a Japanese sample
T2 - Neuroimage. Reports
J2 - Neuroimage Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 6
IS - 3
SP - 100376
SN - 2666-9560
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1016/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Ambiguity tolerance and resting-state functional connectivity: A preregistered conceptual replication in a Japanese sample",
"container-title": "Neuroimage. Reports",
"author": [
{
"family": "Hitsuwari",
"given": "Jimpei"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "6",
"issue": "3",
"page": "100376",
"DOI": "10.1016/
"PMID": "42381863",
"PMCID": "PMC13315806",
"ISSN": "2666-9560",
"publisher": "Elsevier",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
6,
22
]
]
}
}
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