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Extinction-restraint intervention eradicates fear memory encoded in BLA engram cells via D2 receptor-mediated dopaminergic modulation from locus coeruleus.

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Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 94 lines · 2.6 KB · no license

  1. %input filename, output 3 figure,the Gcamp mean for different position, and mouse motive track,and
  2. %track hearmap.
  3. %data(:,1) and data(:,2) are x and y corrdinary of mice,data(:,3) is Gcamp
  4. %CWQ,190618
  5. %eg. filename='1.csv'
  6. file=dir('*.csv')
  7. for i=1:length(file)
  8. filename=file(i).name;
  9. data=importdata(filename);
  10. %data=data.Sheet1;
  11. n=strfind(filename,'.');
  12. fn=filename(1:n-1);
  13. d(:,1)=data(:,1);
  14. d(:,2)=data(:,2);
  15. udata=unique(d,'rows');
  16. xa=max(data(:,1));
  17. xb=min(data(:,1));
  18. ya=max(data(:,2));
  19. yb=min(data(:,2));
  20. x=xa-xb+2;
  21. y=ya-yb+2;
  22. h=zeros(x,y);
  23. f=zeros(x,y);
  24. for ii=1:length(udata)
  25. M=udata(ii,1);
  26. N=udata(ii,2);
  27. [a]=find(data(:,1)==M & data(:,2)==N);%Ñ°ÕÒÏàͬ×ø±êλÖõÄÊýÁ¿£¬²¢½«Æä´¢´æÖÁÏàÓ¦µÄ×ø±êÇø
  28. n=length(a)/30;% ת»¯ÎªÊ±¼ä
  29. M=udata(ii,1)-xb+1;
  30. N=udata(ii,2)-yb+1;
  31. temp=data([a],3);
  32. gcamp=mean(temp);
  33. udata(ii,3)=gcamp;
  34. h(M,N)=gcamp;
  35. f(M,N)=n;
  36. [b]=find(f==0);
  37. f([b])=nan;
  38. h([b])=nan;%½«¶¯Îïδµ½´ïµÄµØ·½ÉèÖÃΪNAN
  39. end
  40. temp=h';
  41. %h=smoothdata(temp,1,'gaussian',4);;%¸ß˹ƽ»¬
  42. %h=smoothdata(h,2,'gaussian',4)
  43. h=temp;
  44. figure
  45. set(gcf,'position',[100,100,500,450]);
  46. set(gcf,'name','Gcamp');
  47. H=heatmap(h);
  48. H.Colormap=jet;
  49. H.ColorScaling='log'
  50. H.GridVisible='off'
  51. %H.MissingDataLabel=[0.00,0.00,0.00];
  52. %H.ColorLimits = [10e-5 10e-3]
  53. % for j=1:length(H.XDisplayLabels)
  54. % H.XDisplayLabels{j}=' ';
  55. % end
  56. % for j=1:length(H.YDisplayLabels)
  57. % H.YDisplayLabels{j}=' ';
  58. % end
  59. fn1=strcat(fn,'-Gcamp.fig');
  60. saveas(gcf,fn1)
  61. temp=f';
  62. f=temp;
  63. %f=smoothdata(temp,1,'gaussian',4);%¸ß˹ƽ»¬
  64. %f=smoothdata(f,2,'gaussian',4);
  65. figure
  66. set(gcf,'position',[100,100,500,450])
  67. set(gcf,'name','Track_heatmap')
  68. F=heatmap(f)
  69. F.Colormap=jet;
  70. F.ColorScaling='log'
  71. F.GridVisible='off'
  72. %F.MissingDataLabel=[0.00,0.00,0.00];
  73. %F.ColorLimits = [0.1 0.1]
  74. % for j=1:length(F.XDisplayLabels)
  75. % F.XDisplayLabels{j}=' ';
  76. % end
  77. % for j=1:length(F.YDisplayLabels)
  78. % F.YDisplayLabels{j}=' ';
  79. % end
  80. fn2=strcat(fn,'-Track_heatmap.fig');
  81. saveas(gcf,fn2);
  82. figure
  83. set(gcf,'position',[100,100,500,450])
  84. set(gcf,'name','Track')
  85. x=data(:,1);
  86. y=data(:,2);
  87. plot(x,y)
  88. set(gca,'YDir','reverse')
  89. axis off;
  90. fn3=strcat(fn,'-Track.fig');
  91. saveas(gcf,fn3)
  92. clear d data
  93. close all
  94. end

heatmapBehaviorGcamp.m at commit 8cb40db, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Tongxia Li1,2, Jian Yang3, Chi Cui1, Kun Ren3, Lijun Zhang3, Ming Li3, Xueke Yang3, Xiang Peng3, Jie Lei3, Yulong Shi3, Gangan Luo3, Yibo Yao3, Junsong Du3, Sitong Chen3, Jie Ming4, Xuemin Wang5, Pei Zhang3, Bo Tian1,6,7
ORCID iDs: Pei Zhang
  1. Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Tianyou Hospital, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
  2. Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei China
  3. Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Provin China
  4. Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China
  5. Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province China
  6. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China
  7. Academy of Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province China
Institutions: Tongji Hospital (China); Wuhan University of Science and Technology (China); Huazhong University of Science and Technology (China); Wuhan Union Hospital (China); Southern Medical University (China)
Journal: Experimental & molecular medicine, volume 58, issue 8, pages 2762-2780
Dates: received 18 July 2025; accepted 7 May 2026; published online 13 August 2026; in print August 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0 · PMID 42587040 · PMCID PMC13538692 · OpenAlex W7202281031
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: mouse (organism), other condition (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Preprocessing, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
Keywords: Post-traumatic stress disorder, Diseases of the nervous system
MeSH: Basolateral Nuclear Complex*, Dopamine*, Extinction, Psychological*, Fear*, Locus Coeruleus*, Memory*, Receptors, Dopamine D2*, Animals, Male, Mice, Restraint, Physical, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic (* major topic)
Topic: Memory and Neural Mechanisms (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271036, 32571176)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 55 references in the paper

Abstract

Despite undergoing exposure therapy, individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently experience relapses when confronted with trauma reminders. This study examined the impact of extinction-restraint intervention (Ext-Res) in a PTSD-related fear relapse model. We found that reactivation of basolateral amygdala engram cells (BLAengram) correlates with relapse following fear reinstatement. Post-extinction BLAengram activation induced fear relapse, whereas Ext-Res effectively protected relapse and facilitated BLAengram reactivation. Our investigation into the neural circuitry connecting the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive locus coeruleus neurons (LCTH) and BLAengram revealed that dopamine release, but not norepinephrine, is crucial for the deactivation of BLAengram following Ext-Res. Manipulation of the LC-BLA circuit could either replicate or reverse the therapeutic effects of Ext-Res. Notably, dopamine D2 receptors emerged as vital mediators of these effects. Overall, we reveal that Ext-Res intervention disrupts fear memory encoded in BLAengram through dopamine D2 receptor-dependent manner, providing new insights into potential therapeutic strategies for preventing relapse in PTSD.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

BehavioralLAB/Fiberphotometry

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 8cb40db2fa56bb3d1f9f57ca6dcb309a0e39d3a7, 16 December 2021
Languages: MATLAB (1)
Size: 1 file, 1 script
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the text, “Fiber photometry recording and analysis”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
1 file
At the source: github.com/BehavioralLAB/Fiberphotometry

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 1 script, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 18 authors, 2 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 55 references.

Cite

This paper

Li, T., Yang, J., Cui, C., Ren, K., Zhang, L., Li, M., Yang, X., Peng, X., Lei, J., Shi, Y., Luo, G., Yao, Y., Du, J., Chen, S., Ming, J., Wang, X., Zhang, P., & Tian, B. (2026). Extinction-restraint intervention eradicates fear memory encoded in BLA engram cells via D2 receptor-mediated dopaminergic modulation from locus coeruleus. Experimental & molecular medicine, 58(8), 2762-2780. https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0

BibTeX

@article{li2026extinction,
author = {Li, Tongxia and Yang, Jian and Cui, Chi and Ren, Kun and Zhang, Lijun and Li, Ming and Yang, Xueke and Peng, Xiang and Lei, Jie and Shi, Yulong and Luo, Gangan and Yao, Yibo and Du, Junsong and Chen, Sitong and Ming, Jie and Wang, Xuemin and Zhang, Pei and Tian, Bo},
title = {{Extinction-restraint intervention eradicates fear memory encoded in BLA engram cells via D2 receptor-mediated dopaminergic modulation from locus coeruleus}},
journal = {Experimental \& molecular medicine},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {58},
number = {8},
pages = {2762--2780},
publisher = {Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology},
issn = {1226-3613},
doi = {10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0},
pmid = {42587040},
pmcid = {PMC13538692}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Li, Tongxia
AU - Yang, Jian
AU - Cui, Chi
AU - Ren, Kun
AU - Zhang, Lijun
AU - Li, Ming
AU - Yang, Xueke
AU - Peng, Xiang
AU - Lei, Jie
AU - Shi, Yulong
AU - Luo, Gangan
AU - Yao, Yibo
AU - Du, Junsong
AU - Chen, Sitong
AU - Ming, Jie
AU - Wang, Xuemin
AU - Zhang, Pei
AU - Tian, Bo
TI - Extinction-restraint intervention eradicates fear memory encoded in BLA engram cells via D2 receptor-mediated dopaminergic modulation from locus coeruleus
T2 - Experimental & molecular medicine
J2 - Exp Mol Med
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/08/13
VL - 58
IS - 8
SP - 2762
EP - 2780
SN - 1226-3613
PB - Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
DO - 10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Extinction-restraint intervention eradicates fear memory encoded in BLA engram cells via D2 receptor-mediated dopaminergic modulation from locus coeruleus",
"container-title": "Experimental & molecular medicine",
"author": [
{
"family": "Li",
"given": "Tongxia"
},
{
"family": "Yang",
"given": "Jian"
},
{
"family": "Cui",
"given": "Chi"
},
{
"family": "Ren",
"given": "Kun"
},
{
"family": "Zhang",
"given": "Lijun"
},
{
"family": "Li",
"given": "Ming"
},
{
"family": "Yang",
"given": "Xueke"
},
{
"family": "Peng",
"given": "Xiang"
},
{
"family": "Lei",
"given": "Jie"
},
{
"family": "Shi",
"given": "Yulong"
},
{
"family": "Luo",
"given": "Gangan"
},
{
"family": "Yao",
"given": "Yibo"
},
{
"family": "Du",
"given": "Junsong"
},
{
"family": "Chen",
"given": "Sitong"
},
{
"family": "Ming",
"given": "Jie"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Xuemin"
},
{
"family": "Zhang",
"given": "Pei"
},
{
"family": "Tian",
"given": "Bo"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Exp Mol Med",
"volume": "58",
"issue": "8",
"page": "2762-2780",
"DOI": "10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0",
"PMID": "42587040",
"PMCID": "PMC13538692",
"ISSN": "1226-3613",
"publisher": "Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-026-01794-0",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
8,
13
]
]
}
}

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