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Trait anxiety is associated with reduced reward-related replay at rest

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4 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 4 matches
  1. [1] § Methods › EEG analysis › Representational similarity analysis (RSA) ↔ RSA_code.zip/step01_RAS_main_code.m, lines 1–76 · score 0.85 · evoked signals, pre processed, design matrix, functional localiser, RSA, FL
  2. [2] § Methods › EEG analysis › Neural decoding analysis ↔ RSA_code.zip/step01_RAS_main_code.m, lines 116–254 · score 0.65 · sensor patterns, spatial correlation, intercept, sensitivity, vector, onset
  3. [3] § Results › Neural decoding ↔ RSA_code.zip/step01_RAS_main_code.m, lines 1–76 · score 0.61 · evoked response, functional localiser, scanning, multivariate, models, predicted
  4. [4] § Methods › EEG data acquisition › Data acquisition and preprocessing ↔ RSA_code.zip/step01_RAS_main_code.m, lines 116–254 · score 0.55 · EEG channel, epochs, noise, weighted, MEG, onset

Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 334 lines · 15 KB · CC-BY-4.0 · 4 matches

  1. % RSA analysis (one GLM per sensor, where numObservations = numTrials and numPredictors = numTrialTypes)
  2. % RSA on the evoked signal of the functional localiser
  3. %
  4. % 1.Load in the epoched MEG data for each FL trial. Pre-processes the MEG sensor data prior to GLM
  5. % 2.Define the condition(stimulus)-specific sensor responses (mass univariate analysis on each sensor and timeSlice independently)
  6. % For each subject, sensor and timeSlice
  7. % 1.Dependent variable = trial*1 vector of the specific sensor*timeSlice value for each trial.
  8. % 1.Zscore the dependent variable pre-GLM over trials for each channel and timeBin separately. (simply rescaling the values across trials,
  9. % allows comparable beta value magnitudes and centring acorss the differnet independent GLMs (doen seaperately for sensorys and time bins)
  10. % 2.Independent variables = design matrix of trial condition ID
  11. % 3.Optional multivariate normalisation of the condition-specific sensor responses (1st level betas)
  12. % (pre-whietening of the sensor*condition betas by the multivatiate variance-covariance structure of the noise present in the sensors [which requires shrinkage if using all sensors]).
  13. % Diedrichsen and Kriegeskorte et al 2017, Walther et al 2016
  14. % 4.Choose a distance metric (Euclidian/Mahalanobis, or 1-Pearson's [corr is default])
  15. % 1.For each subject and time-slice a neural RDM, capturing the representational distance between the evoked responses of any two conditions
  16. % 2.Difference neural RDM (from 1st to second FL) captures the change in geometry from start to end of scan. Can additionally smooth the neural RM over time here, before inference.
  17. % 3.The difference RDM can be compared to a model RDM for position and sequence code using a regression analysis
  18. %
  19. % Matthew Nour, London, Dec 2019
  20. clear all;
  21. clc;
  22. close all;
  23. %restoredefaultpath;
  24. [~, pInds] = uperms([1:8],1001);
  25. uniquePerms=pInds;
  26. localiser_names = {'stimFL', 'posFL'}; % change from sFL to pFL
  27. numLocalisers = length(localiser_names);
  28. numberStates = 8;
  29. numberTimePoints = 85;%
  30. %SpecifySubjects
  31. numberSubjects = 68;
  32. numEEGChan = 64;%EEG
  33. eeg_channels = 1:numEEGChan;
  34. % Some options
  35. baseline_correct = 0; % demean the data for each channel and trial by the pre-stimulus baseline %%done
  36. multivariate_normalisation = 1; % whiten the noise structre of the condition-patterns (sensor*condition betas) before calculating the distance metric
  37. shrink_noise = 1; % Ledoit and Wolf, shirnkage of sample covariance matrix to avoid rank deficiency
  38. do_zscore = 0;
  39. do_demean = 1;
  40. cons1st = 0;
  41. RDM = nan(numLocalisers, numberSubjects, numberStates, numberStates, numberTimePoints, size(uniquePerms,1)); %rdm store
  42. chIdx_num_log = cell(numLocalisers, numberSubjects);
  43. load('rules_stimulus_tostate_all.mat')%%use stimulus transfer states
  44. load reward_index.mat
  45. for whichLocaliser = 1:numLocalisers
  46. switch localiser_names{whichLocaliser}
  47. case 'stimFL'
  48. ConDir = uigetdir('./FunctionalLocalizer_Data');
  49. DirCon = dir(fullfile(ConDir,'FunctionalLocalizer_*.mat')); %%%% find all the set file in your folder
  50. FileNamesCon = {DirCon.name};
  51. %
  52. case 'posFL'
  53. ConDir = uigetdir('./Position_Data');
  54. DirCon = dir(fullfile(ConDir,'position_*.mat')); %%%% find all the set file in your folder
  55. FileNamesCon = {DirCon.name};
  56. end
  57. for iSj = 1:68
  58. tic
  59. disp(['whichLocaliser = ' num2str(whichLocaliser)])
  60. disp(['sub = ' num2str(iSj)])
  61. % load the preprocessed FL/position data and identify EEG channels
  62. load ([ConDir,'/',char(FileNamesCon{iSj})])
  63. %% load labels
  64. stimulus_type=marker_type;
  65. %%stimulus transfer state
  66. for state=1:8
  67. stim=state+10;
  68. index_1=find(stimulus_type(:,1)==stim);
  69. stimulus_type(index_1)=rules_stimulus_tostate_all(iSj,state);
  70. end
  71. if reward_index(iSj,1)==1
  72. stimulus_type=stimulus_type;
  73. else
  74. index1=find(stimulus_type==1);
  75. index2=find(stimulus_type==2);
  76. index3=find(stimulus_type==3);
  77. index4=find(stimulus_type==4);
  78. index5=find(stimulus_type==5);
  79. index6=find(stimulus_type==6);
  80. index7=find(stimulus_type==7);
  81. index8=find(stimulus_type==8);
  82. stimulus_type(index1)=5;
  83. stimulus_type(index2)=6;
  84. stimulus_type(index3)=7;
  85. stimulus_type(index4)=8;
  86. stimulus_type(index5)=1;
  87. stimulus_type(index6)=2;
  88. stimulus_type(index7)=3;
  89. stimulus_type(index8)=4;
  90. end
  91. %
  92. %% fix the mapping from state(S1:S8) to picture_stimuli
  93. % this is the state ID (i.e. structural position within 2 sequences). The picID is below
  94. labStm_pic =stimulus_type;
  95. % now clean by goodchanels (lcidata = [EEGchannels, timePoints, epoched trials from all runs]
  96. if baseline_correct
  97. baseline_time = 1:11;
  98. for k = 1:size(stim_data,3)
  99. tmp = mean(stim_data(:, baseline_time(1):baseline_time(end), k), 2);
  100. stim_data(:, :, k) = stim_data(:, :, k) - repmat(tmp, 1, size(stim_data,2));
  101. end
  102. lcidata = stim_data;
  103. else
  104. lcidata = stim_data;
  105. end
  106. % logical vector, 1 = good channel
  107. chIdx = ones(numEEGChan,1);
  108. chIdx = logical(chIdx); % don't know why
  109. for iT= 1:numberTimePoints%size(lcidata,2) % time post stim onset
  110. % 1st level GLM on MEG data to identify stimulus-sepcific sensor weights. GLM on each sensor and iT separately, collapsing over trials
  111. % clear these variables every time slice
  112. if cons1st
  113. reg_log = nan(length(eeg_channels), numberStates+1);
  114. else
  115. reg_log = nan(length(eeg_channels), numberStates);
  116. end
  117. % the log of regressors over all sensors (included and excluded - 272) at this timeslice ((without intercept)
  118. norm_reg_log = nan(length(eeg_channels), numberStates); % (used for multivariate normalisation)
  119. res_log = nan(length(eeg_channels), size(lcidata,3)); % [chan * trial] log of the trial-wise residuals from the 1st level GLM for each sensor (used for multivariate normalisation)
  120. rdm_log = nan(numberStates,numberStates);
  121. for iSensor = 1:size(lcidata,1) % sensor index w.,r.t. subject-specific goodSensors
  122. %objective_sensor_id = chIdx_number(iSensor); % to slot into a matrix of 272 channels [or all conisdered channels] (some of which are nan, if bad)
  123. % reset for each sensor
  124. X_stim = zeros(size(lcidata,3),numberStates); % [trials * stimID)
  125. Y = nan(size(lcidata,3),1); % [trials * 1] = the specific sensor*iT value for each trial
  126. % Y - identify correct iT slice for this sensor, over all trials
  127. Y(:,1) = squeeze(lcidata(iSensor, iT, :)); % have already cropped the lcidata, so can index from iT take into account the epoching from -700ms
  128. if do_zscore
  129. Y = zscore(Y); % [trials * 1], MEG data zscored over all trials, per time-point and sensor (Luyckz et al 2019). This scales the Y so that it is similar for all GLM's, but does not ensure that the value of each trial (Y(t)) is scaled w.r.t. that trial's overall sensor-specific timecourse (is want this then set zscore_by_iT = 1)
  130. end
  131. if do_demean
  132. Y = Y-nanmean(Y); % [trials * 1], MEG data zscored over all trials, per time-point and sensor (Luyckz et al 2019). This scales the Y so that it is similar for all GLM's, but does not ensure that the value of each trial (Y(t)) is scaled w.r.t. that trial's overall sensor-specific timecourse (is want this then set zscore_by_iT = 1)
  133. end
  134. % the trial-by-trial regressor values (state ID)
  135. for iTrial = 1:size(lcidata,3)
  136. X_stim(iTrial, labStm_pic(iTrial)) = 1;
  137. end
  138. if cons1st
  139. design_matrix = [X_stim,ones(size(X_stim,1),1)];
  140. else
  141. design_matrix = [X_stim];
  142. end
  143. this_weights = pinv(design_matrix)*Y;
  144. reg_log(iSensor, :) = this_weights;
  145. if multivariate_normalisation
  146. this_residuals = Y - (design_matrix * this_weights);
  147. res_log(iSensor, :) = this_residuals; % [chan * trial] residuals(²Ð²î) over trials
  148. end
  149. end % end sensors
  150. if multivariate_normalisation
  151. % calculate the sensor*sensor spatial correlation structure of noise (residuals)
  152. trialByChanResid = squeeze(res_log(chIdx, :))'; % note the transpose (columns are random variable input to covCor)
  153. if shrink_noise
  154. [noiseCorr shrink_factor(whichLocaliser, iSj)] = covCor(trialByChanResid); % the method of Ledoit and Wolf 2004, referenced in Walther et al 2016 [shrinks the sample var-cov matirx towards the diagonal covariance matrix, to avoid rank deficiency]
  155. else
  156. noiseCorr = 1/(size(trialByChanResid,1)) * trialByChanResid' * trialByChanResid; % Walther et al 2016 (chan*chan variance-covariance matrix)
  157. end
  158. if rank(noiseCorr) < size(noiseCorr,1) % shrinking avoids rank deficiency
  159. warning([[char(FileNamesCon{iSj})] ' ID ' num2str(iSj) ' ' localiser_names{whichLocaliser} ' noninvertable noise covariance matrix. ? numChan < numTrials '])
  160. end
  161. % normalise the regression weights of each sensor by the
  162. % spatial noise correlation between sensors (the
  163. % vaiance-covariance matrix noiseCorr). Do this for each
  164. % condition separately
  165. for k=1:numberStates
  166. norm_reg_log(chIdx, k) = squeeze(reg_log(chIdx,k))' * noiseCorr^(-0.5); % post-multiply activity estimates to achieve multivariate noise normalisation (pre-whitening)
  167. end
  168. end % multivariate normalisation
  169. norm_reg_log_untouched = norm_reg_log(:,1:numberStates);
  170. reg_log_untouched = reg_log(:,1:numberStates);
  171. for iPerm=1:length(uniquePerms)
  172. % can do a lop over condition label permutaitons here
  173. this_perm =uniquePerms(iPerm,:);
  174. norm_reg_log = norm_reg_log_untouched(:,this_perm);
  175. reg_log = reg_log_untouched(:,this_perm);
  176. if multivariate_normalisation
  177. rdm_log(:,:) = 1-corr(squeeze(norm_reg_log(chIdx, 1:numberStates)), 'Type', 'Pearson');% dissimilarity = 1-Pearson's correlation (invariant to scaling differences, but sensitive to baseline shifts)
  178. rsa_log(:,:)= corr(squeeze(norm_reg_log(chIdx, 1:numberStates)), 'Type', 'Pearson');
  179. else
  180. rdm_log(:,:) = 1-corr(squeeze(reg_log(chIdx, 1:numberStates)), 'Type', 'Pearson'); % dissimilarity = 1-Pearson's correlation (invariant to scaling differences, but sensitive to baseline shifts)
  181. rsa_log(:,:)= corr(squeeze(reg_log(chIdx, 1:numberStates)), 'Type', 'Pearson');
  182. end
  183. RSA(whichLocaliser, iSj,:,:,iT,iPerm) = rsa_log(:,:);
  184. RDM(whichLocaliser, iSj,:,:,iT,iPerm) = rdm_log(:,:); % [loc, sub, 8,8 it, permNum] the resulting pairwise distances between multi-sensor patterns between each pair of conditions
  185. end
  186. end % iT
  187. toc
  188. end %subject
  189. end %end loop on localiser
  190. save(['positionALL_BC', num2str(baseline_correct), '_NORM_', num2str(multivariate_normalisation), 'SN', num2str(shrink_noise), 'Zscore', num2str(do_zscore), 'demean', num2str(do_demean), 'cons1st', num2str(cons1st)] ,'RDM','-v7.3')
  191. save(['positionALL_RSA_BC', num2str(baseline_correct), '_NORM_', num2str(multivariate_normalisation), 'SN', num2str(shrink_noise), 'Zscore', num2str(do_zscore), 'demean', num2str(do_demean), 'cons1st', num2str(cons1st)] ,'RSA','-v7.3')
  192. %% change from sFL to pFL
  193. dRDM =squeeze(RDM(1,:,:,:,:,:))-squeeze(RDM(2,:,:,:,:,:));
  194. save dRDM.mat dRDM
  195. %%
  196. clear;clc;
  197. load dRDM.mat
  198. numberSubjects=68;
  199. %%
  200. smooth_k = 3.1
  201. if smooth_k>0
  202. for iSj = 1:numberSubjects
  203. for iPerm = 1:1001
  204. dRDM_2=squeeze(dRDM(iSj,:,:,:,iPerm));
  205. for i1 = 1:8
  206. for i2 = 1:8
  207. if isnan(dRDM_2(i1,i2,1)) || i1<i2
  208. continue
  209. else
  210. if smooth_k == 1.5
  211. dRDM_2(i1,i2,:) = imgaussfilt(squeeze(dRDM_2(i1,i2,:)),smooth_k);
  212. elseif smooth_k == 3.1
  213. dRDM_2(i1,i2,:) = imgaussfilt(squeeze(dRDM_2(i1,i2,:)),smooth_k-0.1);
  214. else
  215. dRDM_2(i1,i2,:) = smoothdata(squeeze(dRDM_2(i1,i2,:)),'gaussian',smooth_k);
  216. end
  217. dRDM_2(i2,i1,:) = dRDM_2(i1,i2,:);
  218. end
  219. end
  220. end
  221. dRDM_new(iSj,:,:,:,iPerm)=dRDM_2;
  222. end
  223. end
  224. end
  225. save dRDM_new.mat dRDM_new
  226. %%
  227. numberSubjects = 68;
  228. postion_matrix=[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1;1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0]
  229. postion_matrix=squareform(postion_matrix);
  230. within_seq_matrix_reward=[1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0;1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0;1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0;1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]
  231. for i=1:8
  232. within_seq_matrix_reward(i,i)=0
  233. end
  234. within_seq_matrix_reward=squareform(within_seq_matrix_reward);
  235. within_seq_matrix_neutral=[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0;0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1;0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1;0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1;0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1]
  236. for i=1:8
  237. within_seq_matrix_neutral(i,i)=0
  238. end
  239. within_seq_matrix_neutral=squareform(within_seq_matrix_neutral);
  240. cons1st1=ones(28,1);
  241. matrix=[postion_matrix' within_seq_matrix_reward' within_seq_matrix_neutral' cons1st1];
  242. distance_beta = nan(numberSubjects, 85, 1,4);
  243. for sub=1:numberSubjects
  244. for iT=1:85
  245. for iprem=1:1001
  246. y=squeeze(dRDM_new(sub,:,:,iT,iprem));
  247. y=squareform(y);
  248. bbb=pinv(matrix)*(y');
  249. distance_beta(sub,iT,iprem,:)=bbb;
  250. end
  251. end
  252. end
  253. save distance_beta.mat distance_beta

step01_RAS_main_code.m, under CC-BY-4.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Qianqian Yu1,2,3,4, Yue-jia Luo1,3,5, Ray Dolan1,6,7, Jianxin Ou1,2, Chuwen Huang4, Haiteng Wang1, Zhibing Xiao1, Matthew Nour6,8, Yunzhe Liu1,2
  1. State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University,Beijing, China
  2. Chinese Institute for Brain Research,Beijing, China
  3. School of Psychology, Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University,Shenzhen, China
  4. Center for Neurocognition and Social Behavior, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology,Shenzhen, China
  5. Institute for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
  6. Max Planck University College London Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London,London, UK
  7. Department of Psychiatry, Universitätsmedizin Berlin,Berlin, Germany
  8. Department of Psychiatry, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford,Oxford, UK
Journal: n/a, volume 16, issue 1, article 7975
Dates: received 30 March 2024; accepted 11 August 2025; published online 26 August 2025
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: none stated
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-63281-w · PMCID PMC12381021 · OpenAlex W4413680364
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: EEG (modality), human (organism), other condition (population), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Preprocessing, Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Machine learning, Connectivity, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
Keywords: Human behaviour, Decision, Learning and memory
MeSH: Anxiety*, Learning*, Rest*, Reward*, Adult, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult (* major topic)
Topic: Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes (Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (32271093, 31920103009, ZD153); Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science ((2022SHIBS0003); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Social Science Fund of China
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 93 references in the paper

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Version 3, 28 September 2026

  • Funding: added National Natural Science Foundation of China: 32271093, 31920103009, ZD153; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science: (2022SHIBS0003; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities; National Social Science Fund of China

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Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 3 keywords, 10 MeSH terms, 83 references.

Cite

This paper

Yu, Q., Luo, Y.-j., Dolan, R., Ou, J., Huang, C., Wang, H., Xiao, Z., Nour, M., & Liu, Y. (2025). Trait anxiety is associated with reduced reward-related replay at rest. Nature Communications, 16(1), 7975. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63281-w

BibTeX

@article{yu2025trait,
author = {Yu, Qianqian and Luo, Yue-jia and Dolan, Ray and Ou, Jianxin and Huang, Chuwen and Wang, Haiteng and Xiao, Zhibing and Nour, Matthew and Liu, Yunzhe},
title = {{Trait anxiety is associated with reduced reward-related replay at rest}},
journal = {Nature Communications},
year = {2025},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {7975},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-025-63281-w},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63281-w},
pmcid = {PMC12381021}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Yu, Qianqian
AU - Luo, Yue-jia
AU - Dolan, Ray
AU - Ou, Jianxin
AU - Huang, Chuwen
AU - Wang, Haiteng
AU - Xiao, Zhibing
AU - Nour, Matthew
AU - Liu, Yunzhe
TI - Trait anxiety is associated with reduced reward-related replay at rest
T2 - Nature Communications
J2 - Nat Commun
PY - 2025
DA - 2025
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 7975
SN - 2041-1723
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41467-025-63281-w
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63281-w
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"DOI": "10.1038/s41467-025-63281-w",
"PMCID": "PMC12381021",
"ISSN": "2041-1723",
"publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-63281-w",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2025
]
]
}
}

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