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A controllable human spinal cord model with full dorsoventral patterning.

Overview

Authors: Jeyoon Bok1, Yung Su Kim1, Fangyi Cheng1, Chongjian Gao1, Zhuowei Zhou1, Norio Kobayashi1, Shiyu Sun1, Aoife Tang2, Xufeng Xue1,3, Diep H. Nguyen4,5, Pulin Li5,6, Jianping Fu1,7,8
ORCID iDs: Norio Kobayashi, Shiyu Sun, Xufeng Xue, Diep H. Nguyen, Pulin Li, Jianping Fu
  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI USA
  2. Greenhills School,Ann Arbor, MI USA
  3. Division of Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center,Cincinnati, OH USA
  4. Computational and Systems Biology Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA USA
  5. Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research,Cambridge, MA USA
  6. Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA USA
  7. Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School,Ann Arbor, MI USA
  8. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor, MI USA
Institutions: University of Michigan (United States); Greenhills School,Ann Arbor, MI USA; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (United States); Massachusetts Institute of Technology (United States); Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (United States)
Journal: Nature communications, volume 17, issue 1, article 4539
Dates: received 8 July 2025; accepted 12 March 2026; published online 28 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41467-026-71162-z · PMID 41896241 · PMCID PMC13194794 · OpenAlex W7141231750
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: human (organism), developmental (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Evoked potentials, Connectivity, Graphs, Machine learning
Keywords: Neural stem cells, Stem-cell differentiation, Neurogenesis, Biomedical engineering
MeSH: Body Patterning*, Spinal Cord*, Animals, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Cell Differentiation, Cell Lineage, Cell Movement, Humans, Neural Crest, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Signal Transduction, Tretinoin (* major topic)
Topic: Cervical and Thoracic Myelopathy (Surgery, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: University of Michigan (Mid-career Biosciences Faculty Achievement Recognition Award); National Science Foundation (PFI 2213845, EFMA 2422149, CMMI 2517721, CMMI 2325361, CBET 1901718); national institutes of health (R21 NS127983, R01 GM143297, R01 NS129850)
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 73 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Code

The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.

Code availability statement

The paper has a code availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

  • it says that the code is available on request

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71162-z.

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Data

Datasets cited

Data availability statement

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Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71162-z.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 12 authors, 4 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 71 references.

Cite

This paper

Bok, J., Kim, Y. S., Cheng, F., Gao, C., Zhou, Z., Kobayashi, N., Sun, S., Tang, A., Xue, X., Nguyen, D. H., Li, P., & Fu, J. (2026). A controllable human spinal cord model with full dorsoventral patterning. Nature communications, 17(1), 4539. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71162-z

BibTeX

@article{bok2026controllable,
author = {Bok, Jeyoon and Kim, Yung Su and Cheng, Fangyi and Gao, Chongjian and Zhou, Zhuowei and Kobayashi, Norio and Sun, Shiyu and Tang, Aoife and Xue, Xufeng and Nguyen, Diep H. and Li, Pulin and Fu, Jianping},
title = {{A controllable human spinal cord model with full dorsoventral patterning}},
journal = {Nature communications},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {4539},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2041-1723},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-71162-z},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71162-z},
pmid = {41896241},
pmcid = {PMC13194794}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Bok, Jeyoon
AU - Kim, Yung Su
AU - Cheng, Fangyi
AU - Gao, Chongjian
AU - Zhou, Zhuowei
AU - Kobayashi, Norio
AU - Sun, Shiyu
AU - Tang, Aoife
AU - Xue, Xufeng
AU - Nguyen, Diep H.
AU - Li, Pulin
AU - Fu, Jianping
TI - A controllable human spinal cord model with full dorsoventral patterning
T2 - Nature communications
J2 - Nat Commun
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/28
VL - 17
IS - 1
SP - 4539
SN - 2041-1723
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41467-026-71162-z
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-71162-z
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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