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Hybrid Vi+ECNN framework for advanced ADHD diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging.

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10 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 10 matches · 1 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: a weak match, whose lines are not tinted
  1. [1] § Proposed model › Hybrid ViT+ECNN model ↔ Combined.ipynb, lines 119–157 · score 0.71 · linearly projected, classification layer, CLS, Patch16, pretrained, token
  2. [2] § Experimental results › Hyperparameter settings ↔ Comments response .ipynb, lines 227–299 · score 0.65 · AdamW, cross validation, weight decay, stratified, memory, metrics
  3. [3] § Experimental results › Hyperparameter settings ↔ Comments__response_ v2.ipynb, lines 227–299 · score 0.65 · AdamW, cross validation, weight decay, stratified, memory, metrics
  4. [4] § Proposed model › Data preprocessing ↔ Combined.ipynb, lines 24–30 · score 0.62 · Quantile Histogram Equalization, median filtering, QHED
  5. [5] § Proposed model › Data preprocessing ↔ ECNN.ipynb, lines 23–29 · score 0.62 · Quantile Histogram Equalization, median filtering, QHED
  6. [6] § Proposed model › Hybrid ViT+ECNN model ↔ Combined.ipynb, lines 119–157 · score 0.61 · fully connected layer, ReLU, concatenation, module, ViT, ECNN
  7. [7] § Proposed model › Data augmentation ↔ ViT.ipynb, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.56 · cosine annealing learning, scheduler, cross, loss, splits, validation
  8. [8] § Proposed model › Data augmentation ↔ Combined.ipynb, lines 185–188 · score 0.52 · cosine annealing learning, scheduler, cross, loss, Model
  9. [9] § Experimental results › Structural ablation study for module necessity validation ↔ Comments__response_ v2.ipynb, lines 663–782 · score 0.51 · structural ablation, necessity, score, recall, configuration, precision
  10. [10] § Experimental results › Structural ablation study for module necessity validation ↔ Comments__response_ v2.ipynb, lines 663–782 · score 0.51 · structural ablation, QHED preprocessing, necessity, fusion, configuration, modules

Paper

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The authors' code

Jupyter notebook · 260 lines · 9.6 KB · no license · 4 matches

  1. # %%
  2. import os
  3. import numpy as np
  4. import torch
  5. import torch.nn as nn
  6. from torch.optim import AdamW
  7. from torch.optim.lr_scheduler import CosineAnnealingLR
  8. from torchvision import datasets, transforms
  9. from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
  10. from transformers import ViTForImageClassification
  11. from PIL import Image, ImageEnhance, ImageFilter
  12. # --- Preprocessing Functions ---
  13. def apply_pst(image, alpha=0.1, beta=0.1):
  14. """Apply Phase Stretch Transform (PST) to the image."""
  15. image = np.array(image, dtype=np.float32) / 255.0
  16. fft_image = np.fft.fft2(image)
  17. magnitude = np.abs(fft_image)
  18. phase = np.angle(fft_image)
  19. phase_stretched = phase + alpha * np.tanh(beta * phase)
  20. pst_image = np.abs(np.fft.ifft2(magnitude * np.exp(1j * phase_stretched)))
  21. return pst_image
  22. def apply_qhed(image):
  23. """Apply Quantile Histogram Equalization and Denoising (QHED) to the image."""
  24. image = image.convert("RGB")
  25. enhancer = ImageEnhance.Contrast(image)
  26. enhanced_image = enhancer.enhance(2.0)
  27. denoised_image = enhanced_image.filter(ImageFilter.MedianFilter(size=3))
  28. return denoised_image
  29. # --- Dataset Class ---
  30. class TripleInputDataset(datasets.ImageFolder):
  31. """Dataset that returns raw, PST, and QHED images."""
  32. def __getitem__(self, index):
  33. path, label = self.samples[index]
  34. image = Image.open(path).convert("RGB")
  35. # Raw Image
  36. raw_image = self.transform(image)
  37. # PST Preprocessed Image
  38. pst_image = apply_pst(image)
  39. pst_image = Image.fromarray((pst_image * 255).astype(np.uint8)).convert("RGB")
  40. pst_image = self.transform(pst_image)
  41. # QHED Preprocessed Image
  42. qhed_image = apply_qhed(image)
  43. qhed_image = self.transform(qhed_image)
  44. return raw_image, pst_image, qhed_image, label
  45. # --- Residual Block ---
  46. class ResidualBlock(nn.Module):
  47. """A residual block with convolutional layers and skip connections."""
  48. def __init__(self, in_channels, out_channels, stride=1):
  49. super(ResidualBlock, self).__init__()
  50. self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1)
  51. self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
  52. self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
  53. self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(out_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)
  54. self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
  55. self.skip = nn.Sequential()
  56. if stride != 1 or in_channels != out_channels:
  57. self.skip = nn.Sequential(
  58. nn.Conv2d(in_channels, out_channels, kernel_size=1, stride=stride, bias=False),
  59. nn.BatchNorm2d(out_channels)
  60. )
  61. def forward(self, x):
  62. identity = self.skip(x)
  63. out = self.conv1(x)
  64. out = self.bn1(out)
  65. out = self.relu(out)
  66. out = self.conv2(out)
  67. out = self.bn2(out)
  68. out += identity
  69. return self.relu(out)
  70. # --- ECNN High-Capacity Model ---
  71. class ECNNHighCapacity(nn.Module):
  72. """High-Capacity Ensemble CNN with Residual Blocks."""
  73. def __init__(self, num_classes):
  74. super(ECNNHighCapacity, self).__init__()
  75. self.raw_cnn = self._create_cnn_branch()
  76. self.pst_cnn = self._create_cnn_branch()
  77. self.qhed_cnn = self._create_cnn_branch()
  78. # Combine features from all three branches and reduce to 512
  79. self.fc = nn.Sequential(
  80. nn.Linear(256 * 3, 512), # Combine and reduce features to 512
  81. nn.ReLU(),
  82. nn.Dropout(0.5),
  83. )
  84. def _create_cnn_branch(self):
  85. return nn.Sequential(
  86. ResidualBlock(3, 64),
  87. ResidualBlock(64, 128, stride=2),
  88. ResidualBlock(128, 128),
  89. ResidualBlock(128, 256, stride=2),
  90. nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
  91. )
  92. def forward(self, raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x):
  93. # Process each input branch
  94. raw_features = self.raw_cnn(raw_x).view(raw_x.size(0), -1) # Shape: (batch_size, 256)
  95. pst_features = self.pst_cnn(pst_x).view(pst_x.size(0), -1) # Shape: (batch_size, 256)
  96. qhed_features = self.qhed_cnn(qhed_x).view(qhed_x.size(0), -1) # Shape: (batch_size, 256)
  97. # Concatenate features
  98. combined_features = torch.cat((raw_features, pst_features, qhed_features), dim=1) # Shape: (batch_size, 768)
  99. # Reduce to 512
  100. return self.fc(combined_features) # Shape: (batch_size, 512)
  101. # --- Combined Fine-Tuned Model ---
  102. class CombinedFineTunedModel(nn.Module):
  103. """Fine-tuned model combining ViT and ECNN outputs."""
  104. def __init__(self, num_classes):
  105. super(CombinedFineTunedModel, self).__init__()
  106. # Pretrained ViT with hidden states enabled
  107. self.vit = ViTForImageClassification.from_pretrained(
  108. "google/vit-base-patch16-224-in21k",
  109. output_hidden_states=True # Enable hidden states for feature extraction
  110. )
  111. self.vit_hidden_size = 768 # Default hidden size of ViT
  112. self.ecnn = ECNNHighCapacity(num_classes) # ECNN with raw, PST, and QHED inputs
  113. # Linear projection to align ViT features with ECNN features
  114. self.vit_projection = nn.Linear(self.vit_hidden_size, 512)
  115. # Fully connected layer to combine ViT and ECNN features
  116. self.fc = nn.Sequential(
  117. nn.Linear(512 + 512, 256), # Combine ViT (512) + ECNN (512)
  118. nn.ReLU(),
  119. nn.Dropout(0.5),
  120. nn.Linear(256, num_classes) # Final classification layer
  121. )
  122. def forward(self, raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x):
  123. # Extract ViT features from the CLS token
  124. vit_outputs = self.vit(raw_x, output_hidden_states=True)
  125. vit_hidden_states = vit_outputs.hidden_states[-1] # Last hidden state
  126. vit_cls_token = vit_hidden_states[:, 0, :] # CLS token (batch_size, 768)
  127. vit_features = self.vit_projection(vit_cls_token) # Project to (batch_size, 512)
  128. # Get ECNN features
  129. ecnn_features = self.ecnn(raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x) # Output: (batch_size, 512)
  130. # Concatenate features from ViT and ECNN
  131. combined_features = torch.cat((vit_features, ecnn_features), dim=1) # Shape: (batch_size, 1024)
  132. # Pass through the final fully connected layer
  133. return self.fc(combined_features)
  134. # --- Training Setup ---
  135. train_dir = "/kaggle/input/binary-augmented-split-adhd/ADHD - Augmented Split Binary/train"
  136. val_dir = "/kaggle/input/binary-augmented-split-adhd/ADHD - Augmented Split Binary/validation"
  137. # Dataset Transform
  138. transform = transforms.Compose([
  139. transforms.Resize((224, 224)),
  140. transforms.ToTensor(),
  141. transforms.Normalize(mean=[0.485, 0.456, 0.406], std=[0.229, 0.224, 0.225]),
  142. ])
  143. # Datasets and Loaders
  144. batch_size = 8
  145. train_dataset = TripleInputDataset(root=train_dir, transform=transform)
  146. val_dataset = TripleInputDataset(root=val_dir, transform=transform)
  147. train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)
  148. val_loader = DataLoader(val_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False)
  149. # Instantiate Model
  150. num_classes = 2
  151. model = CombinedFineTunedModel(num_classes)
  152. device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
  153. model.to(device)
  154. # Optimizer, Scheduler, and Loss
  155. optimizer = AdamW(model.parameters(), lr=1e-4, weight_decay=1e-4)
  156. scheduler = CosineAnnealingLR(optimizer, T_max=10)
  157. criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
  158. # --- Save Checkpoint ---
  159. def save_checkpoint(epoch, model, optimizer, scheduler, train_loss, val_loss, train_acc, val_acc, path):
  160. checkpoint = {
  161. "epoch": epoch,
  162. "model_state_dict": model.state_dict(),
  163. "optimizer_state_dict": optimizer.state_dict(),
  164. "scheduler_state_dict": scheduler.state_dict(),
  165. "train_loss": train_loss,
  166. "val_loss": val_loss,
  167. "train_acc": train_acc,
  168. "val_acc": val_acc,
  169. }
  170. torch.save(checkpoint, path)
  171. print(f"Checkpoint saved: {path}")
  172. # --- Training Loop ---
  173. epochs = 10
  174. for epoch in range(epochs):
  175. model.train()
  176. running_loss, correct, total = 0.0, 0, 0
  177. for raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x, labels in train_loader:
  178. raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x, labels = raw_x.to(device), pst_x.to(device), qhed_x.to(device), labels.to(device)
  179. optimizer.zero_grad()
  180. outputs = model(raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x)
  181. loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
  182. loss.backward()
  183. optimizer.step()
  184. running_loss += loss.item()
  185. _, preds = torch.max(outputs, 1)
  186. correct += (preds == labels).sum().item()
  187. total += labels.size(0)
  188. scheduler.step()
  189. train_loss = running_loss / len(train_loader)
  190. train_acc = correct / total
  191. print(f"Epoch {epoch+1}, Train Loss: {train_loss:.4f}, Train Acc: {train_acc:.4f}")
  192. # Validation Loop
  193. model.eval()
  194. val_loss, val_correct, val_total = 0.0, 0, 0
  195. with torch.no_grad():
  196. for raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x, labels in val_loader:
  197. raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x, labels = raw_x.to(device), pst_x.to(device), qhed_x.to(device), labels.to(device)
  198. outputs = model(raw_x, pst_x, qhed_x)
  199. loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
  200. val_loss += loss.item()
  201. _, preds = torch.max(outputs, 1)
  202. val_correct += (preds == labels).sum().item()
  203. val_total += labels.size(0)
  204. val_loss /= len(val_loader)
  205. val_acc = val_correct / val_total
  206. print(f"Epoch {epoch+1}, Val Loss: {val_loss:.4f}, Val Acc: {val_acc:.4f}")
  207. # Save Model
  208. checkpoint_path = f"fine_tuned_combined_model_epoch_{epoch+1}.pth"
  209. save_checkpoint(
  210. epoch=epoch + 1,
  211. model=model,
  212. optimizer=optimizer,
  213. scheduler=scheduler,
  214. train_loss=train_loss,
  215. val_loss=val_loss,
  216. train_acc=train_acc,
  217. val_acc=val_acc,
  218. path=checkpoint_path,
  219. )

Combined.ipynb at commit 3a399cf, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Shaymaa E Sorour1, Lamia Hassan1, Osman Elwasila1, Tsunenori Mine2, Mohamed Ali Nagy Elmaadaway3
  1. Department of Management Information Systems, School of Business, King Faisal University, 31982 Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
  2. Department of Advanced Information Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan
  3. Research Center of Excellence in Science and Mathematics Education Development, DSR, King Saud University, 2458, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Institutions: King Faisal University (Saudi Arabia); Kyushu University (Japan); King Saud University (Saudi Arabia)
Journal: Scientific reports, volume 16, issue 1, article 19017
Dates: received 12 July 2025; accepted 23 April 2026; published online 2 May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-50791-w · PMID 42069836 · PMCID PMC13280160 · OpenAlex W7159982485
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: structural MRI / diffusion (modality), human (organism), ADHD (population), clinical / translational (subfield)
Methods: Machine learning, Statistics, Connectivity, Preprocessing
Keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Deep learning, Vision transformer (ViT), Enhanced convolutional neural network (ECNN), Medical image classification, Pediatric MRI, Hybrid architectures, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Diseases, Engineering, Health care, Mathematics and computing, Medical research, Neuroscience
MeSH: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*, Brain*, Deep Learning*, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*, Magnetic Resonance Imaging*, Child, Convolutional Neural Networks, Humans (* major topic)
Topic: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Psychiatry and Mental health, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University (KFU254121)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 66 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Repository

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shaymaasorour/Hybrid-ViT-ECNN-Framework-for-Advanced-ADHD-Diagnostic-Accuracy-in-Medical-Imaging

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 3a399cf849f18af7132ca1882adc4933baa6b856, 22 April 2026
Languages: Jupyter (5)
Size: 6 files, 5 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: README, 5 notebooks
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: PyTorch (5 files), NumPy (4 files), Pillow (4 files), Matplotlib (2 files), OpenCV (2 files), pandas (2 files), scikit-learn (2 files), seaborn (2 files), Hugging Face Transformers (2 files)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
  • 28 September 2026: the link answers
6 files

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

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Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50791-w.

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Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 5 authors, 14 keywords, 8 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 61 references.

Cite

This paper

Sorour, S. E., Hassan, L., Elwasila, O., Mine, T., & Elmaadaway, M. A. N. (2026). Hybrid Vi+ECNN framework for advanced ADHD diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging. Scientific reports, 16(1), 19017. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50791-w

BibTeX

@article{sorour2026hybrid,
author = {Sorour, Shaymaa E and Hassan, Lamia and Elwasila, Osman and Mine, Tsunenori and Elmaadaway, Mohamed Ali Nagy},
title = {{Hybrid Vi+ECNN framework for advanced ADHD diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging}},
journal = {Scientific reports},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {19017},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-50791-w},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50791-w},
pmid = {42069836},
pmcid = {PMC13280160}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Sorour, Shaymaa E
AU - Hassan, Lamia
AU - Elwasila, Osman
AU - Mine, Tsunenori
AU - Elmaadaway, Mohamed Ali Nagy
TI - Hybrid Vi+ECNN framework for advanced ADHD diagnostic accuracy in medical imaging
T2 - Scientific reports
J2 - Sci Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/02
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 19017
SN - 2045-2322
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-50791-w
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-50791-w
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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