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Gestational choline supplementation regulates hippocampal granule neuron development and emotion-like behavior.

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Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

Rust · 76 lines · 2.8 KB · GPL-3.0

  1. use std::env;
  2. use std::process::Command;
  3. use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
  5. fn git_short_hash() -> String {
  6. Command::new("git")
  7. .args(["rev-parse", "--short", "HEAD"])
  8. .output()
  9. .ok()
  10. .filter(|o| o.status.success())
  11. .and_then(|o| String::from_utf8(o.stdout).ok())
  12. .map(|s| s.trim().to_string())
  13. .filter(|s| !s.is_empty())
  14. .unwrap_or_else(|| "unknown".to_string())
  15. }
  17. fn build_epoch() -> u64 {
  18. match env::var("SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH") {
  19. // .trim() absorbs whitespace from shell expansions like
  20. // `SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH="$(git log -1 --format=%ct) "`; sign/format
  21. // strictness (no leading `+`, no underscores, no hex) is preserved.
  22. Ok(s) => s.trim().parse::<u64>().unwrap_or_else(|_| {
  23. panic!(
  24. "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH must be a non-negative decimal seconds-since-epoch integer, got {s:?}"
  25. )
  26. }),
  27. Err(_) => SystemTime::now()
  28. .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
  29. .expect("system clock before 1970-01-01")
  30. .as_secs(),
  31. }
  32. }
  34. fn format_iso8601_utc(epoch: u64) -> String {
  35. let secs_of_day = epoch % 86_400;
  36. let days = epoch / 86_400;
  37. let hour = secs_of_day / 3600;
  38. let minute = (secs_of_day % 3600) / 60;
  39. let second = secs_of_day % 60;
  41. let (year, month, day) = civil_from_days(days as i64);
  42. format!("{year:04}-{month:02}-{day:02}T{hour:02}:{minute:02}:{second:02}Z")
  43. }
  45. // Howard Hinnant's days-from-civil algorithm (public domain).
  46. // Input: days since 1970-01-01. Output: (year, month, day) on the proleptic Gregorian calendar.
  47. fn civil_from_days(z: i64) -> (i64, u32, u32) {
  48. let z = z + 719_468;
  49. let era = if z >= 0 { z } else { z - 146_096 } / 146_097;
  50. let doe = (z - era * 146_097) as u64;
  51. let yoe = (doe - doe / 1460 + doe / 36_524 - doe / 146_096) / 365;
  52. let y = yoe as i64 + era * 400;
  53. let doy = doe - (365 * yoe + yoe / 4 - yoe / 100);
  54. let mp = (5 * doy + 2) / 153;
  55. let d = (doy - (153 * mp + 2) / 5 + 1) as u32;
  56. let m = (if mp < 10 { mp + 3 } else { mp - 9 }) as u32;
  57. let year = y + i64::from(m <= 2);
  58. (year, m, d)
  59. }
  61. fn main() {
  62. let hash = git_short_hash();
  63. let timestamp = format_iso8601_utc(build_epoch());
  64. let target_os = env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_OS").unwrap_or_else(|_| "unknown".to_string());
  65. let target_arch = env::var("CARGO_CFG_TARGET_ARCH").unwrap_or_else(|_| "unknown".to_string());
  67. let version_body = format!("{hash} — {target_os}/{target_arch} — built {timestamp}");
  69. println!("cargo:rustc-env=GIT_SHORT_HASH={hash}");
  70. println!("cargo:rustc-env=BUILD_TIMESTAMP={timestamp}");
  71. println!("cargo:rustc-env=VERSION_BODY={version_body}");
  73. println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=.git/HEAD");
  74. println!("cargo:rerun-if-changed=.git/index");
  75. println!("cargo:rerun-if-env-changed=SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH");
  76. }

build.rs at commit c6528e5, under GPL-3.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Xiaohui Shi1,2,3, Yuanyuan Li2, Mengjiao Wang1,2, Xinlan Zong1,2, Min Liang1,2, Quan Li4, Weiwei Xiao1,2, Zhongsheng Sun1,5, Yan Wang1,2
ORCID iDs: Xiaohui Shi, Zhongsheng Sun, Yan Wang
  1. Interdisciplinary Science Center, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing, China
  2. College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing, China
  3. Medical AI Lab, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Medical University,Shijiazhuang, China
  4. School of Life Sciences, Hebei University,Baoding, China
  5. Beijing Children’s Hospital, National Center for Children’s Health,Beijing, China
Institutions: Chinese Academy of Sciences (China); Hebei Medical University (China); Hebei University (China); Beijing Children’s Hospital (China)
Journal: Communications biology, volume 9, issue 1, article 731
Dates: received 11 August 2025; accepted 18 March 2026; published online 2 April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7 · PMID 41927921 · PMCID PMC13219442 · OpenAlex W7148612292
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: mouse (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions
Keywords: Neuroscience, Computational biology and bioinformatics
MeSH: Behavior, Animal*, Choline*, Dietary Supplements*, Emotions*, Hippocampus*, Neurogenesis*, Neurons*, Animals, Anxiety, Female, Male, Mice, Neurodevelopment, Pregnancy (* major topic)
Topic: Folate and B Vitamins Research (Rheumatology, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2025YFA1309200), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32270657, 32470630, and 32570726), the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (No. 5242018), and State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management (No. SKLA2508). The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 80 references in the paper

Abstract

Prenatal nutrition can profoundly influence the brain development of offspring through mechanisms including epigenetic reprogramming. However, the complex interplay of maternal nutrition, neural development, and behaviors at the cellular level remains to be explored. Here, we report that gestational choline supplementation (GCS) in mice attenuates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in male offspring (F1GCS). Multi-omics analysis reveals the comprehensive roles of GCS in diverse aspects of neuronal functions in F1GCS. Notably, the transcriptome, intercellular communication, and chromatin accessibility of immature granule neurons were altered in the hippocampus of F1GCS. This was accompanied by enhanced transcription and increased chromatin accessibility in glutamate signaling and suppressed transcription and reduced chromatin accessibility in MIF pathways in these neurons. Correlation analysis of cell populations with neuropsychiatric disorders showed a strong association between immature granule neurons and emotional disorders. Together, these findings provide molecular and cellular evidence supporting the effects of a widely used nutritional supplement in nutritional interventions.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

FelixKrueger/TrimGalore

License: GPL-3.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: c6528e54512e0e388a392d36475291bcbf0eb0dd, 27 June 2026
Languages: Rust (24), TypeScript (2), Shell (2), Python (1)
Size: 267 files, 29 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the text, “RNA-Sequence (RNA-Seq) and bioinformatics proces”
Holds: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment (Dockerfile), tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Matplotlib (1 file), SAMtools (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
31 files
At the source: github.com/FelixKrueger/TrimGalore

Code availability

All custom code used for the analyses presented in this paper is included in the Figshare dataset deposited alongside the source data. It is freely available under the 10.6084/m9.figshare.31441492.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 29 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

All raw data have been deposited in the Genome Sequence Archive (GSA; accession number PRJCA043148) at the BIG Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The processed snRNA-seq data are accessible via OMIX at the China National Center for Bioinformation/Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (accession no. OMIX011041). Numerical source data for all graphs and charts are provided in the supplementary information and have been deposited at figshare (10.6084/m9.figshare.31441492).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 2 keywords, 14 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 80 references.

Cite

This paper

Shi, X., Li, Y., Wang, M., Zong, X., Liang, M., Li, Q., Xiao, W., Sun, Z., & Wang, Y. (2026). Gestational choline supplementation regulates hippocampal granule neuron development and emotion-like behavior. Communications biology, 9(1), 731. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7

BibTeX

@article{shi2026gestational,
author = {Shi, Xiaohui and Li, Yuanyuan and Wang, Mengjiao and Zong, Xinlan and Liang, Min and Li, Quan and Xiao, Weiwei and Sun, Zhongsheng and Wang, Yan},
title = {{Gestational choline supplementation regulates hippocampal granule neuron development and emotion-like behavior}},
journal = {Communications biology},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {731},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2399-3642},
doi = {10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7},
pmid = {41927921},
pmcid = {PMC13219442}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Shi, Xiaohui
AU - Li, Yuanyuan
AU - Wang, Mengjiao
AU - Zong, Xinlan
AU - Liang, Min
AU - Li, Quan
AU - Xiao, Weiwei
AU - Sun, Zhongsheng
AU - Wang, Yan
TI - Gestational choline supplementation regulates hippocampal granule neuron development and emotion-like behavior
T2 - Communications biology
J2 - Commun Biol
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/02
VL - 9
IS - 1
SP - 731
SN - 2399-3642
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Gestational choline supplementation regulates hippocampal granule neuron development and emotion-like behavior",
"container-title": "Communications biology",
"author": [
{
"family": "Shi",
"given": "Xiaohui"
},
{
"family": "Li",
"given": "Yuanyuan"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Mengjiao"
},
{
"family": "Zong",
"given": "Xinlan"
},
{
"family": "Liang",
"given": "Min"
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{
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"given": "Quan"
},
{
"family": "Xiao",
"given": "Weiwei"
},
{
"family": "Sun",
"given": "Zhongsheng"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Yan"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Commun Biol",
"volume": "9",
"issue": "1",
"page": "731",
"DOI": "10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7",
"PMID": "41927921",
"PMCID": "PMC13219442",
"ISSN": "2399-3642",
"publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-09955-7",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
4,
2
]
]
}
}

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