Transcriptome of fetal cortex of tree shrew underlying the emergence of outer subventricular zone.

Overview

1. State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming, Yunnan PR China
2. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming, Yunnan PR China
3. Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming, Yunnan PR China
4. Center for Medical Genetics, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, MOE Key Lab of Rare Pediatric Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University,Changsha, Hunan PR China
5. Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California,Santa Barbara, CA USA
6. Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California,Santa Barbara, CA USA
7. Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California,Santa Barbara, CA USA
8. National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, Kunming Primate Research Center, and National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming, Yunnan PR China

Abstract

A defining feature of primates is the expansion and increased complexity of the cerebral cortex, processes that are largely associated with evolutionary adaptations of the neural progenitor-enriched outer subventricular zone (OSVZ). Yet, the genetic mechanisms underlying the emergence of the primate OSVZ remain unknown. The tree shrew is a closer outgroup to primates than rodents, its brain exhibits an intermediate phenotype; while being lissencephalic, it nonetheless possesses an OSVZ. Here, we applied laser microdissection technology to conduct comprehensive gene expression analyses of different cortical layers in the tree shrew brain across three key developmental stages. We show that cell cycle-related genes are already involved in the tree shrew OSVZ. In contrast, extracellular matrix-associated pathways appear to be unique to the primate OSVZ. Furthermore, overexpression of ZNF664 significantly increased intermediate progenitor proliferation in the mouse subventricular zone. Together, these results reveal shared molecular mechanisms underlying OSVZ development in primates and tree shrews, providing insights into the origin of primate cortical complexity.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

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Data availability

The RNA-seq data generated in this study have been deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database under the accession number GSE318518, and also in the Genome Sequence Archive (GSA) under accession numbers CRA038045, CRA044752, and are publicly accessible at https://ngdc.cncb.ac.cn/gsa. The source data for Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, Fig. 7, and Supplementary Fig. 2, Supplementary Fig. 9 are in Supplementary Data 10.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 3, 28 September 2026

• Funding: added Chinese Academy of Sciences: 202305AH340007; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Key Research and Development Program of China: 2024YFA1802500; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 2 keywords, 7 MeSH terms, 83 references.

Cite

This paper

Hu, T., Wen, Y., Tan, Y., Kong, Y., Yuan, L., Yi, S. V., & Shi, L. (2026). Transcriptome of fetal cortex of tree shrew underlying the emergence of outer subventricular zone. Communications biology, 9(1), 1179. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-026-10802-y

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