OSCR

Dynamic representations of valence in anterior cingulate cortex in mice.

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  1. [1] § Results › ACC represents aspects of the US ↔ analyze_ideas_traces_final.py, lines 343–417 · score 0.59 · peak offset, peak onset, peak amplitude, AUC, error
  2. [2] § Materials and methods › Data analysis and statistics › Event-related (peri-event) activity ↔ analyze_ideas_traces_final.py, lines 343–417 · score 0.56 · peak onset, Peak amplitudes, window, offset, baseline, trace

Paper

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The authors' code

Python · 674 lines · 20 KB · CC-BY-4.0 · 2 matches

  1. import re
  2. import time
  3. import traceback
  4. from pathlib import Path
  6. import numpy as np
  7. import pandas as pd
  8. import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  10. # ======================================================
  11. # CONFIG
  12. # ======================================================
  14. ALLCELLS_INPUT_DIR = Path(r"C:\Users\pgoswamee\Desktop\new EAPA traces_ALL CELLS")
  15. LCR_INPUT_DIR = Path(r"C:\Users\pgoswamee\Desktop\new EAPA trace-LCR")
  17. # ---- COLUMN INDICES (0-based) ----
  18. COL_TIME = 0
  19. COL_BASE_TRUE = 1 # Column B
  20. COL_UP_TRUE = 3 # Column D
  21. COL_DOWN_TRUE = 5 # Column F
  23. # ---- Analysis parameters ----
  24. MOVING_AVG_WINDOW = 5
  25. BASELINE_START = -20.0
  26. BASELINE_END = 0.0
  27. PEAK_SEARCH_START = 0.0
  28. PEAK_SEARCH_END = 20.0
  29. ONSET_MIN_TIME = -20.0
  31. SKIP_EXISTING_ANALYSIS_OUTPUTS = True
  33. # ---- Summary config ----
  34. LCR_DESIRED_CONDITIONS = [
  35. "D2RD3-EARLY", "D2RD3-LATE",
  36. "D3RD2-EARLY", "D3RD2-LATE",
  37. "D3RD4-EARLY", "D3RD4-LATE",
  38. "D4RD3-EARLY", "D4RD3-LATE",
  39. "D4RD5-EARLY", "D4RD5-LATE",
  40. "D5RD4-EARLY", "D5RD4-LATE",
  41. ]
  43. ALLCELLS_DESIRED_ORDER = [
  44. "D2-EARLY", "D2-LATE",
  45. "D3-EARLY", "D3-LATE",
  46. "D4-EARLY", "D4-LATE",
  47. "D5-EARLY", "D5-LATE",
  48. ]
  50. PREFERRED_ROW = "BASE"
  52. POSSIBLE_PEAK_COLS = [
  53. "Peak_Amplitude_diff",
  54. "Peak_Amplitude",
  55. ]
  57. POSSIBLE_AUC_COLS = [
  58. "AUC_dynamic_diff",
  59. "AUC_baseline_subtracted",
  60. "AUC_diff",
  61. "AUC",
  62. ]
  64. # ======================================================
  65. # COMMON UTILS
  66. # ======================================================
  68. def ensure_dir(path: Path):
  69. path.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
  72. def try_write_csv(df: pd.DataFrame, path: Path) -> bool:
  73. for i in range(10):
  74. try:
  75. df.to_csv(path, index=True)
  76. return True
  77. except PermissionError:
  78. print(f" File locked, retrying ({i+1}/10)... {path.name}")
  79. time.sleep(1)
  80. print(f" ERROR: Could not save {path}, file is locked.")
  81. return False
  84. def moving_average(x, w=5):
  85. """Centered moving average, preserving your current analysis logic."""
  86. if w <= 1:
  87. return x
  88. return np.convolve(x, np.ones(w) / w, mode="same")
  91. def compute_baseline(trace, time_vec, t_start, t_end):
  92. mask = (time_vec >= t_start) & (time_vec <= t_end)
  93. if not np.any(mask):
  94. return np.nan
  95. return float(np.nanmean(trace[mask]))
  98. def find_peak(trace, time_vec, t_start, t_end):
  99. mask = (time_vec >= t_start) & (time_vec <= t_end)
  100. idxs = np.where(mask)[0]
  101. if len(idxs) == 0:
  102. return None, None, None
  104. sliced = trace[idxs]
  105. if np.all(np.isnan(sliced)):
  106. return None, None, None
  108. try:
  109. peak_local = int(np.nanargmax(sliced))
  110. except ValueError:
  111. return None, None, None
  113. peak_idx = idxs[peak_local]
  114. peak_val = float(trace[peak_idx])
  115. peak_time = float(time_vec[peak_idx])
  116. return peak_idx, peak_val, peak_time
  119. def find_onset_offset(trace, time_vec, baseline, peak_idx):
  120. n = len(trace)
  122. onset_idx = None
  123. for i in range(peak_idx, -1, -1):
  124. if time_vec[i] < ONSET_MIN_TIME:
  125. break
  126. if not np.isnan(trace[i]) and trace[i] <= baseline:
  127. onset_idx = i
  128. break
  130. if onset_idx is None:
  131. valid_idxs = np.where(time_vec >= ONSET_MIN_TIME)[0]
  132. onset_idx = int(valid_idxs[0]) if len(valid_idxs) > 0 else 0
  134. offset_idx = None
  135. for j in range(peak_idx, n):
  136. if time_vec[j] > PEAK_SEARCH_END:
  137. break
  138. if not np.isnan(trace[j]) and trace[j] <= baseline:
  139. offset_idx = j
  140. break
  142. if offset_idx is None:
  143. valid_idxs = np.where(time_vec <= PEAK_SEARCH_END)[0]
  144. offset_idx = int(valid_idxs[-1]) if len(valid_idxs) > 0 else (n - 1)
  146. return onset_idx, offset_idx
  149. def compute_auc_baseline_subtracted(trace, time_vec, baseline, onset_idx, offset_idx):
  150. if onset_idx is None or offset_idx is None or offset_idx <= onset_idx:
  151. return np.nan
  153. sliced_t = time_vec[onset_idx:offset_idx + 1]
  154. sliced_y = trace[onset_idx:offset_idx + 1] - baseline
  156. if len(sliced_t) < 2 or np.all(np.isnan(sliced_y)):
  157. return np.nan
  159. return float(np.trapz(sliced_y, sliced_t))
  162. def pick_metric(row: pd.Series, candidates):
  163. for c in candidates:
  164. if c in row.index:
  165. return row[c]
  166. return np.nan
  169. def compute_stats_over_subjects(table: pd.DataFrame):
  170. rows = []
  171. for cond in table.columns:
  172. vals = pd.to_numeric(table[cond], errors="coerce").values
  173. vals = vals[~np.isnan(vals)]
  174. n = len(vals)
  176. if n == 0:
  177. mean = np.nan
  178. sem = np.nan
  179. elif n == 1:
  180. mean = float(vals[0])
  181. sem = np.nan
  182. else:
  183. mean = float(np.mean(vals))
  184. sem = float(np.std(vals, ddof=1) / np.sqrt(n))
  186. rows.append({
  187. "condition": cond,
  188. "Mean": mean,
  189. "SEM": sem,
  190. "N": n,
  191. })
  193. return pd.DataFrame(rows).set_index("condition")
  196. def write_summary_workbook(out_xlsx: Path, tables: dict):
  197. with pd.ExcelWriter(out_xlsx, engine="xlsxwriter") as writer:
  198. for sheet_name, df in tables.items():
  199. df.to_excel(writer, sheet_name=sheet_name[:31])
  202. def make_mean_sem_plot(stats_df: pd.DataFrame, title: str, ylabel: str, out_png: Path):
  203. if stats_df.empty:
  204. print(f" WARNING: stats table empty for {out_png.name}, skipping figure.")
  205. return
  207. means = pd.to_numeric(stats_df["Mean"], errors="coerce").values
  208. sems = pd.to_numeric(stats_df["SEM"], errors="coerce").values
  209. labels = list(stats_df.index)
  211. if len(labels) == 0 or np.all(np.isnan(means)):
  212. print(f" WARNING: no plottable values for {out_png.name}, skipping figure.")
  213. return
  215. plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))
  216. x = np.arange(len(labels))
  217. plt.bar(x, means, yerr=sems, capsize=4)
  218. plt.xticks(x, labels, rotation=45, ha="right")
  219. plt.ylabel(ylabel)
  220. plt.title(title)
  221. plt.tight_layout()
  222. plt.savefig(out_png, dpi=300, bbox_inches="tight")
  223. plt.close()
  224. print(f" Wrote figure: {out_png.name}")
  227. def make_condition_order(conditions_in_data, desired_order):
  228. final = []
  229. for c in desired_order:
  230. if c in conditions_in_data and c not in final:
  231. final.append(c)
  232. for c in sorted(conditions_in_data):
  233. if c not in final:
  234. final.append(c)
  235. return final
  237. # ======================================================
  238. # FLEXIBLE FILENAME NORMALIZATION / PARSING
  239. # ======================================================
  241. def clean_stem_for_parsing(stem: str) -> str:
  242. """
  243. Normalize filename stem to make parsing separator-agnostic.
  244. """
  245. stem = re.sub(r"(_baseline)?_analysis_output$", "", stem, flags=re.IGNORECASE)
  247. # Convert underscores and hyphens to spaces
  248. stem = stem.replace("_", " ").replace("-", " ")
  250. # Collapse repeated spaces
  251. stem = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", stem).strip()
  253. return stem.upper()
  256. def extract_subject(cleaned_stem: str):
  257. """
  258. Extract WTIN subject and normalize to 'WTIN 005'
  259. """
  260. m = re.search(r"\bWTIN\s*(\d+)\b", cleaned_stem)
  261. if not m:
  262. return None
  263. num = m.group(1)
  264. return f"WTIN {num}"
  267. def extract_epoch(cleaned_stem: str):
  268. if re.search(r"\bEARLY\b", cleaned_stem):
  269. return "EARLY"
  270. if re.search(r"\bLATE\b", cleaned_stem):
  271. return "LATE"
  272. return None
  275. def extract_lcr_condition(cleaned_stem: str):
  276. """
  277. Detect session-pair tokens like:
  278. D2RD3
  279. D4RD5
  280. Also tolerates split tokens:
  281. D2 RD3
  282. D2 RD D3
  283. """
  284. # Direct compact form
  285. m = re.search(r"\b(D[2-5]RD[2-5])\b", cleaned_stem)
  286. if m:
  287. return m.group(1)
  289. # Split form: D2 RD3
  290. m = re.search(r"\b(D[2-5])\s*RD\s*(D[2-5])\b", cleaned_stem)
  291. if m:
  292. return f"{m.group(1)}R{m.group(2)}".replace("R", "RD", 1)
  294. # Split form: D2 RD D3
  295. m = re.search(r"\b(D[2-5])\s*RD\s*(D[2-5])\b", cleaned_stem)
  296. if m:
  297. return f"{m.group(1)}RD{m.group(2)[1:]}"
  299. return None
  302. def extract_single_day_condition(cleaned_stem: str):
  303. """
  304. Detect single-session day token like D2, D3, D4, D5
  305. but avoid misreading D2RD3 as D2.
  306. """
  307. # Remove any LCR tokens first so we do not double-detect
  308. temp = re.sub(r"\bD[2-5]RD[2-5]\b", " ", cleaned_stem)
  309. temp = re.sub(r"\bD[2-5]\s*RD\s*D[2-5]\b", " ", temp)
  310. m = re.search(r"\b(D[2-5])\b", temp)
  311. if not m:
  312. return None
  313. return m.group(1)
  316. def parse_subject_and_condition_allcells_flexible(stem: str):
  317. cleaned = clean_stem_for_parsing(stem)
  318. subject = extract_subject(cleaned)
  319. epoch = extract_epoch(cleaned)
  320. day = extract_single_day_condition(cleaned)
  322. if subject is None or epoch is None or day is None:
  323. return None, None
  325. return subject, f"{day}-{epoch}"
  328. def parse_subject_and_condition_lcr_flexible(stem: str):
  329. cleaned = clean_stem_for_parsing(stem)
  330. subject = extract_subject(cleaned)
  331. epoch = extract_epoch(cleaned)
  332. pair = extract_lcr_condition(cleaned)
  334. if subject is None or epoch is None or pair is None:
  335. return None, None
  337. return subject, f"{pair}-{epoch}"
  339. # ======================================================
  340. # PER-FILE ANALYSIS
  341. # ======================================================
  343. def analyze_single_trace_file(csv_path: Path, analysis_output_dir: Path):
  344. print(f"\nProcessing raw trace file: {csv_path.name}")
  346. df = pd.read_csv(csv_path)
  347. df.columns = df.columns.str.strip()
  349. if "time" in df.columns:
  350. time_vec = pd.to_numeric(df["time"], errors="coerce").values
  351. else:
  352. time_vec = pd.to_numeric(df.iloc[:, COL_TIME], errors="coerce").values
  354. if np.all(np.isnan(time_vec)):
  355. raise ValueError("time column is all NaN")
  357. results = {}
  359. trace_specs = [
  360. ("BASE", COL_BASE_TRUE),
  361. ("UP", COL_UP_TRUE),
  362. ("DOWN", COL_DOWN_TRUE),
  363. ]
  365. for label, col_true in trace_specs:
  366. if col_true >= df.shape[1]:
  367. print(f" WARNING: column {col_true} out of range for {csv_path.name}, skipping {label}")
  368. continue
  370. true_raw = pd.to_numeric(df.iloc[:, col_true], errors="coerce").values
  371. true_sm = moving_average(true_raw, MOVING_AVG_WINDOW)
  373. baseline = compute_baseline(true_sm, time_vec, BASELINE_START, BASELINE_END)
  374. if np.isnan(baseline):
  375. print(f" WARNING: could not compute baseline for {label} in {csv_path.name}, skipping {label}.")
  376. continue
  378. peak_idx, peak_val, peak_time = find_peak(
  379. true_sm, time_vec, PEAK_SEARCH_START, PEAK_SEARCH_END
  380. )
  381. if peak_idx is None:
  382. print(f" WARNING: could not find peak for {label} in {csv_path.name}, skipping {label}.")
  383. continue
  385. peak_amp = peak_val - baseline
  386. onset_idx, offset_idx = find_onset_offset(true_sm, time_vec, baseline, peak_idx)
  387. onset_time = float(time_vec[onset_idx])
  388. offset_time = float(time_vec[offset_idx])
  389. auc = compute_auc_baseline_subtracted(true_sm, time_vec, baseline, onset_idx, offset_idx)
  391. results[label] = {
  392. "Baseline": baseline,
  393. "Peak_Amplitude": peak_amp,
  394. "Peak_Time": peak_time,
  395. "Peak_Onset_Time": onset_time,
  396. "Peak_Offset_Time": offset_time,
  397. "AUC_baseline_subtracted": auc,
  398. }
  400. if not results:
  401. print(" No valid traces analyzed for this file, skipping save.")
  402. return None
  404. out_df = pd.DataFrame(results).T
  405. out_name = csv_path.stem + "_baseline_analysis_output.csv"
  406. out_path = analysis_output_dir / out_name
  408. if SKIP_EXISTING_ANALYSIS_OUTPUTS and out_path.exists():
  409. print(f" Output already exists, skipping write: {out_path.name}")
  410. return out_path
  412. if try_write_csv(out_df, out_path):
  413. print(f" -> wrote {out_path.name}")
  414. return out_path
  415. else:
  416. print(f" -> FAILED to write {out_path.name}")
  417. return None
  420. def run_analysis_stage(input_dir: Path, analysis_output_dir: Path):
  421. ensure_dir(analysis_output_dir)
  423. raw_csv_paths = sorted(
  424. [p for p in input_dir.iterdir() if p.is_file() and p.suffix.lower() == ".csv"],
  425. key=lambda p: p.name
  426. )
  428. if not raw_csv_paths:
  429. print(f"No raw .csv files found in {input_dir}")
  430. return []
  432. print(f"\nFound {len(raw_csv_paths)} raw CSV files in {input_dir}:")
  433. for p in raw_csv_paths:
  434. print(" ", p.name)
  436. generated = []
  437. for csv_path in raw_csv_paths:
  438. try:
  439. out_path = analyze_single_trace_file(csv_path, analysis_output_dir)
  440. if out_path is not None:
  441. generated.append(out_path)
  442. except Exception as e:
  443. print(f" ERROR while processing {csv_path.name}: {e}")
  444. traceback.print_exc()
  445. print(" Skipping this file and continuing...")
  446. continue
  448. print(f"\n=== ANALYSIS STAGE DONE for {input_dir.name} ===")
  449. print(f"Generated/available per-file outputs: {len(generated)}")
  450. return generated
  452. # ======================================================
  453. # ALL-CELLS SUMMARY
  454. # ======================================================
  456. def run_summary_stage_allcells(analysis_output_dir: Path, summary_dir: Path, figure_dir: Path):
  457. ensure_dir(summary_dir)
  458. ensure_dir(figure_dir)
  460. summary_xlsx = summary_dir / "EAPA_summary_tables.xlsx"
  462. csv_paths = sorted(
  463. analysis_output_dir.glob("*_analysis_output.csv"),
  464. key=lambda p: p.name
  465. )
  467. if not csv_paths:
  468. print(f"No *_analysis_output.csv files found in {analysis_output_dir}")
  469. return
  471. records = []
  472. skipped = []
  474. for p in csv_paths:
  475. subj, cond = parse_subject_and_condition_allcells_flexible(p.stem)
  476. if subj is None or cond is None:
  477. skipped.append(p.name)
  478. continue
  480. try:
  481. df = pd.read_csv(p, index_col=0)
  482. except Exception as e:
  483. print(f" ERROR reading {p.name}: {e}")
  484. continue
  486. row = df.loc[PREFERRED_ROW] if PREFERRED_ROW in df.index else df.iloc[0]
  488. records.append({
  489. "subject": subj,
  490. "condition": cond,
  491. "peak": pick_metric(row, POSSIBLE_PEAK_COLS),
  492. "auc": pick_metric(row, POSSIBLE_AUC_COLS),
  493. })
  495. print(f"\nALL-CELLS summary parsed records: {len(records)}")
  496. if skipped:
  497. print(f"ALL-CELLS skipped files: {len(skipped)}")
  498. for name in skipped[:10]:
  499. print(" skipped:", name)
  501. if not records:
  502. print("No all-cells records parsed; no workbook or figures generated.")
  503. return
  505. rec_df = pd.DataFrame(records)
  506. subjects = sorted(rec_df["subject"].unique())
  507. cond_seen = sorted(rec_df["condition"].unique())
  508. final_conditions = make_condition_order(cond_seen, ALLCELLS_DESIRED_ORDER)
  510. peak_table = pd.DataFrame(data=np.nan, index=subjects, columns=final_conditions)
  511. auc_table = pd.DataFrame(data=np.nan, index=subjects, columns=final_conditions)
  513. for _, row in rec_df.iterrows():
  514. peak_table.loc[row["subject"], row["condition"]] = row["peak"]
  515. auc_table.loc[row["subject"], row["condition"]] = row["auc"]
  517. peak_stats = compute_stats_over_subjects(peak_table)
  518. auc_stats = compute_stats_over_subjects(auc_table)
  520. write_summary_workbook(summary_xlsx, {
  521. "PeakAmp": peak_table,
  522. "AUC": auc_table,
  523. "PeakAmp_stats": peak_stats,
  524. "AUC_stats": auc_stats,
  525. })
  527. print(f"Wrote ALL-CELLS workbook: {summary_xlsx}")
  529. make_mean_sem_plot(
  530. peak_stats,
  531. title="All-Cells Peak Amplitude Summary",
  532. ylabel="Peak Amplitude",
  533. out_png=figure_dir / "ALLCELLS_Peak_Amplitude_summary.png"
  534. )
  535. make_mean_sem_plot(
  536. auc_stats,
  537. title="All-Cells AUC Summary",
  538. ylabel="AUC",
  539. out_png=figure_dir / "ALLCELLS_AUC_summary.png"
  540. )
  542. # ======================================================
  543. # LCR SUMMARY
  544. # ======================================================
  546. def run_summary_stage_lcr(analysis_output_dir: Path, summary_dir: Path, figure_dir: Path):
  547. ensure_dir(summary_dir)
  548. ensure_dir(figure_dir)
  550. summary_xlsx = summary_dir / "LR_summary_metrics.xlsx"
  552. csv_paths = sorted(
  553. analysis_output_dir.glob("*_analysis_output.csv"),
  554. key=lambda p: p.name
  555. )
  557. if not csv_paths:
  558. print(f"No *_analysis_output.csv files found in {analysis_output_dir}")
  559. return
  561. records = []
  562. skipped = []
  564. for p in csv_paths:
  565. subj, cond = parse_subject_and_condition_lcr_flexible(p.stem)
  566. if subj is None or cond is None:
  567. skipped.append(p.name)
  568. continue
  570. try:
  571. df = pd.read_csv(p, index_col=0)
  572. except Exception as e:
  573. print(f" ERROR reading {p.name}: {e}")
  574. continue
  576. row = df.loc[PREFERRED_ROW] if PREFERRED_ROW in df.index else df.iloc[0]
  578. records.append({
  579. "subject": subj,
  580. "condition": cond,
  581. "peak": pick_metric(row, POSSIBLE_PEAK_COLS),
  582. "auc": pick_metric(row, POSSIBLE_AUC_COLS),
  583. })
  585. print(f"\nLCR summary parsed records: {len(records)}")
  586. if skipped:
  587. print(f"LCR skipped files: {len(skipped)}")
  588. for name in skipped[:10]:
  589. print(" skipped:", name)
  591. if not records:
  592. print("No LCR records parsed; no workbook or figures generated.")
  593. return
  595. rec_df = pd.DataFrame(records)
  596. subjects = sorted(rec_df["subject"].unique())
  597. cond_seen = sorted(rec_df["condition"].unique())
  598. final_conditions = make_condition_order(cond_seen, LCR_DESIRED_CONDITIONS)
  600. peak_table = pd.DataFrame(data=np.nan, index=subjects, columns=final_conditions)
  601. auc_table = pd.DataFrame(data=np.nan, index=subjects, columns=final_conditions)
  603. for _, row in rec_df.iterrows():
  604. peak_table.loc[row["subject"], row["condition"]] = row["peak"]
  605. auc_table.loc[row["subject"], row["condition"]] = row["auc"]
  607. peak_stats = compute_stats_over_subjects(peak_table)
  608. auc_stats = compute_stats_over_subjects(auc_table)
  610. write_summary_workbook(summary_xlsx, {
  611. "Peak_Amplitude": peak_table,
  612. "AUC": auc_table,
  613. "Peak_Amplitude_stats": peak_stats,
  614. "AUC_stats": auc_stats,
  615. })
  617. print(f"Wrote LCR workbook: {summary_xlsx}")
  619. make_mean_sem_plot(
  620. peak_stats,
  621. title="LCR Peak Amplitude Summary",
  622. ylabel="Peak Amplitude",
  623. out_png=figure_dir / "LCR_Peak_Amplitude_summary.png"
  624. )
  625. make_mean_sem_plot(
  626. auc_stats,
  627. title="LCR AUC Summary",
  628. ylabel="AUC",
  629. out_png=figure_dir / "LCR_AUC_summary.png"
  630. )
  632. # ======================================================
  633. # DRIVER
  634. # ======================================================
  636. def process_root(input_dir: Path, mode: str):
  637. if not input_dir.exists():
  638. print(f"\nWARNING: input directory does not exist, skipping: {input_dir}")
  639. return
  641. analysis_output_dir = input_dir / "analysis_output_baseline"
  642. summary_dir = input_dir / "summary_outputs"
  643. figure_dir = summary_dir / "figures"
  645. ensure_dir(analysis_output_dir)
  646. ensure_dir(summary_dir)
  647. ensure_dir(figure_dir)
  649. print("\n" + "=" * 80)
  650. print(f"PROCESSING MODE: {mode}")
  651. print(f"INPUT ROOT: {input_dir}")
  652. print("=" * 80)
  654. run_analysis_stage(input_dir, analysis_output_dir)
  656. if mode == "ALLCELLS":
  657. run_summary_stage_allcells(analysis_output_dir, summary_dir, figure_dir)
  658. elif mode == "LCR":
  659. run_summary_stage_lcr(analysis_output_dir, summary_dir, figure_dir)
  660. else:
  661. print(f"Unknown mode: {mode}")
  664. def main():
  665. process_root(ALLCELLS_INPUT_DIR, "ALLCELLS")
  666. process_root(LCR_INPUT_DIR, "LCR")
  668. print("\n=== PIPELINE COMPLETE ===")
  669. print(f"All-cells root processed: {ALLCELLS_INPUT_DIR}")
  670. print(f"LCR root processed : {LCR_INPUT_DIR}")
  673. if __name__ == "__main__":
  674. main()

analyze_ideas_traces_final.py, under CC-BY-4.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Priyodarshan Goswamee1,2, Nilanjana Saferin1, Radha Shah3, Jorge S Seoane1, Kamalika Ganguly1, Kari L Neifer1, Robert A Pearce4, James P Burkett1
ORCID iDs: James P Burkett
  1. Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH, United States
  2. Department of Neuroscience and Anatomy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States (current)
  3. College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
  4. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
Institutions: Virginia Commonwealth University (United States); University of Toledo (United States); University of Wisconsin–Madison (United States)
Journal: Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), volume 36, issue 5, article bhag062
Dates: received 6 January 2026; accepted 23 April 2026; published online 22 May 2026; in print May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC
Identifiers: DOI 10.1093/cercor/bhag062 · PMID 42172105 · PMCID PMC13196587 · OpenAlex W7162084222
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: optical imaging (calcium, voltage, 2-photon) (modality), mouse (organism), systems (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Evoked potentials, Machine learning, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
Keywords: calcium imaging, ensemble activity, fear conditioning, longitudinal recording, threat appraisal
MeSH: Conditioning, Classical*, Fear*, Gyrus Cinguli*, Mental Recall*, Neurons*, Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic (* major topic)
Topic: Memory and Neural Mechanisms (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: UToledo Medical Student Research Program fellowship
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 47 references in the paper

Abstract

While the contributions of hippocampus and amygdala to fear memory are well established, the role of anterior cingulate cortex in recall of recent fear memory remains unclear. Here we longitudinally recorded anterior cingulate cortex neural activity using single-photon calcium imaging in freely-moving male mice undergoing auditory fear conditioning. During pre-exposure to the conditioned stimulus, neural responses were strongest to novel conditioned stimulus presentations and declined with repetition. During acquisition, responses emerged late in training as the conditioned stimulus became shock-predictive. Ensemble analysis identified subpopulations of “freezing on” and “freezing off” cells whose activation coincided with decreased population activity and increased neural synchrony. During 24 and 48-h recall, responses were robust during early unreinforced conditioned stimulus presentations and declined with repetition; similarly, a subpopulation of neurons emerged that was consistently upmodulated by the conditioned stimulus in early 24 and 48-h recall and suppressed in late epochs. Our results demonstrate that the anterior cingulate cortex neural response to a cue reorganizes within and across sessions, with dynamic changes in population activity, recruitment, and synchrony that mirror changes in salience relative to novelty and both conditioned and unconditioned negative valence. This response pattern is consistent with a role for anterior cingulate cortex as a flexible hub that dynamically represents cue salience.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 2 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

Zenodo 19339357

License: CC-BY-4.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Languages: Python (1)
Size: 2 files, 1 script
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data availability”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Matplotlib (1 file), NumPy (1 file), pandas (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
At the source: dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19339357

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 1 script, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 2 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability

All raw data, metadata, and custom analysis scripts are freely available for download on Zenodo (“Dynamic representations of valence in anterior cingulate cortex in mice,” version v2, doi:10.5281/zenodo.19339357 (http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19339357)).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 5 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 46 references.

Cite

This paper

Goswamee, P., Saferin, N., Shah, R., Seoane, J. S., Ganguly, K., Neifer, K. L., Pearce, R. A., & Burkett, J. P. (2026). Dynamic representations of valence in anterior cingulate cortex in mice. Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991), 36(5), bhag062. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhag062

BibTeX

@article{goswamee2026dynamic,
author = {Goswamee, Priyodarshan and Saferin, Nilanjana and Shah, Radha and Seoane, Jorge S and Ganguly, Kamalika and Neifer, Kari L and Pearce, Robert A and Burkett, James P},
title = {{Dynamic representations of valence in anterior cingulate cortex in mice}},
journal = {Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {36},
number = {5},
pages = {bhag062},
publisher = {Oxford University Press},
issn = {1047-3211},
doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhag062},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhag062},
pmid = {42172105},
pmcid = {PMC13196587}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Goswamee, Priyodarshan
AU - Saferin, Nilanjana
AU - Shah, Radha
AU - Seoane, Jorge S
AU - Ganguly, Kamalika
AU - Neifer, Kari L
AU - Pearce, Robert A
AU - Burkett, James P
TI - Dynamic representations of valence in anterior cingulate cortex in mice
T2 - Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
J2 - Cereb Cortex
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/01
VL - 36
IS - 5
SP - bhag062
SN - 1047-3211
PB - Oxford University Press
DO - 10.1093/cercor/bhag062
UR - https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhag062
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"id": "10.1093/cercor/bhag062",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Dynamic representations of valence in anterior cingulate cortex in mice",
"container-title": "Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)",
"author": [
{
"family": "Goswamee",
"given": "Priyodarshan"
},
{
"family": "Saferin",
"given": "Nilanjana"
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{
"family": "Shah",
"given": "Radha"
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{
"family": "Seoane",
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{
"family": "Ganguly",
"given": "Kamalika"
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{
"family": "Neifer",
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{
"family": "Pearce",
"given": "Robert A"
},
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"given": "James P"
}
],
"container-title-short": "Cereb Cortex",
"volume": "36",
"issue": "5",
"page": "bhag062",
"DOI": "10.1093/cercor/bhag062",
"PMID": "42172105",
"PMCID": "PMC13196587",
"ISSN": "1047-3211",
"publisher": "Oxford University Press",
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"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
5,
1
]
]
}
}

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