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Altered responses to ghrelin and food cues in AgRP neurons during pregnancy and lactation.

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Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

Python · 36 lines · 856 B · GPL-3.0

  1. from __future__ import annotations
  3. from src.dashboard.main import (
  4. _is_pyside6_available,
  5. build_parser,
  6. logger,
  7. )
  8. from src.dashboard.main import run_dashboard as _run_dashboard
  9. from src.dashboard.main import run_tool_window as _run_tool_window
  12. def run_dashboard() -> int:
  13. return _run_dashboard()
  16. def run_tool_window(tool_id: str) -> int:
  17. return _run_tool_window(tool_id)
  20. def main(argv: list[str] | None = None) -> int:
  21. args = build_parser().parse_args(argv)
  22. if not _is_pyside6_available():
  23. logger.error("PySide6 is not installed.")
  24. return 1
  26. try:
  27. if args.tool:
  28. return run_tool_window(args.tool)
  29. return run_dashboard()
  30. except Exception:
  31. logger.exception("Application failed to start.")
  32. return 1
  35. if __name__ == "__main__":
  36. raise SystemExit(main())

main.py at commit cc4dc50, under GPL-3.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: C L Murrell1, M R Perkinson2, Z B Andrews3, D R Grattan4,5, S R Ladyman4,5
ORCID iDs: C L Murrell, Z B Andrews, D R Grattan
  1. Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, Missouri, USA
  2. Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  3. Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
  4. Centre for Neuroendocrinology and Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
  5. Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
Institutions: Washington University in St. Louis (United States); University of Otago (New Zealand); Monash University (Australia); Maurice Wilkins Centre (New Zealand)
Journal: Journal of neuroendocrinology, volume 38, issue 6, article e70202
Dates: received 24 October 2025; accepted 20 May 2026; published online 9 June 2026; in print June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1111/jne.70202 · PMID 42265978 · PMCID PMC13250455 · OpenAlex W7164126972
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: mouse (organism), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Evoked potentials, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: AgRP neurons, arcuate nucleus, ghrelin, pregnancy
MeSH: Agouti-Related Protein*, Eating*, Ghrelin*, Lactation*, Neurons*, Animals, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Cues, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Pregnancy (* major topic)
Topic: Regulation of Appetite and Obesity (Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Health Research Council of New Zealand (22/248); Malcolm Templeton Fund for Neurological Research, University of Otago
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 79 references in the paper
Research resources: RRID:AB_2313606, RRID:AB_2737414

Abstract

Pregnancy and lactation trigger many metabolic adaptations, including increased food intake to support the energy demands of the growing foetus and then to provide nutrition through milk production after birth. Ghrelin, an orexigenic hormone, activates agouti related peptide (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus to promote food intake. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that increased sensitivity to ghrelin during pregnancy and lactation may contribute to elevated maternal food intake. Acute food intake was measured after a single dose of ghrelin or vehicle across reproductive states including virgin, pregnant (Day 8 and Day 15), lactating (Day 10) mice and dams 2 weeks after weaning. In vivo GCaMP fibre photometry of the AgRP neuron population was used to measure AgRP neuronal response to ghrelin. Unlike virgin mice, pregnant mice did not show an acute increase in food intake after ghrelin injection, while ghrelin‐treated lactating mice showed a greater feeding response than virgin mice. After weaning, dams showed a similar increase in food intake to that seen in virgin mice. In contrast to the loss of feeding response to ghrelin, the expected increase in growth hormone (GH) in response to ghrelin was observed in both pregnancy and lactation. Across all of the reproductive states, a significant increase in AgRP neuron activity was observed in response to exogenous ghrelin administration, although the magnitude was slightly reduced in late pregnancy. Furthermore, the ghrelin‐induced increase in c‐Fos expression in AgRP neurons was similar in all reproductive states, indicating that AgRP neurons remained responsive to ghrelin despite the absence of a food‐intake response to ghrelin during pregnancy. Interestingly, the expected drop in AgRP neuron activity in response to the presentation of food was absent during late pregnancy and lactation. The absence of a food consumption‐mediated inhibition of AgRP neuron activity suggests that an attenuated response of the AgRP neurons to feedback signals associated with eating may contribute to increases in meal duration during pregnancy and lactation. Overall, these results indicate that ghrelin resistance develops during pregnancy, suggesting that ghrelin does not contribute to elevated food intake during pregnancy. In lactation, however, enhanced ghrelin sensitivity may contribute to elevated maternal food intake. These results also indicate that adaptations to ghrelin sensitivity in pregnancy and lactation are transient as 2 weeks after weaning our results are similar to the virgin state.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

Michael-Perkinson/NeuroSyncApp

License: GPL-3.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: cc4dc5000a4f9328d0365797cc78d488cdd75a9e, 22 September 2026
Languages: Python (165)
Size: 193 files, 165 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the text, “Experimental paradigms to assess AgRP neuron pop”
Holds: README, license file, environment (pyproject.toml), tests, continuous integration, documentation
Not found: CITATION.cff
Tools: pandas (61 files), NumPy (35 files), Matplotlib (18 files), SciPy (5 files)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
167 files
At the source: github.com/Michael-Perkinson/NeuroSyncApp

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 165 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Publisher: n/a → Wiley

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 5 authors, 4 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 79 references, 2 RRIDs.

Cite

This paper

Murrell, C. L., Perkinson, M. R., Andrews, Z. B., Grattan, D. R., & Ladyman, S. R. (2026). Altered responses to ghrelin and food cues in AgRP neurons during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of neuroendocrinology, 38(6), e70202. https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.70202

BibTeX

@article{murrell2026altered,
author = {Murrell, C L and Perkinson, M R and Andrews, Z B and Grattan, D R and Ladyman, S R},
title = {{Altered responses to ghrelin and food cues in AgRP neurons during pregnancy and lactation}},
journal = {Journal of neuroendocrinology},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {38},
number = {6},
pages = {e70202},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {0953-8194},
doi = {10.1111/jne.70202},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.70202},
pmid = {42265978},
pmcid = {PMC13250455}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Murrell, C L
AU - Perkinson, M R
AU - Andrews, Z B
AU - Grattan, D R
AU - Ladyman, S R
TI - Altered responses to ghrelin and food cues in AgRP neurons during pregnancy and lactation
T2 - Journal of neuroendocrinology
J2 - J Neuroendocrinol
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/01
VL - 38
IS - 6
SP - e70202
SN - 0953-8194
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1111/jne.70202
UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/jne.70202
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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