OSCR

Heartbeat-Evoked Responses in M/EEG: A Systematic Review of Methods With Suggestions for Analysis and Reporting.

Code ↔ Paper

17 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 17 matches · 7 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: weak matches, whose lines are not tinted
  1. [1] § Results › ECG Acquisition and Preprocessing ↔ functions/plots/plot_ecg_locations.R, lines 1–13 · score 0.91 · right clavicle, right shoulder, right wrist, left clavicle, left wrist, left leg
  2. [2] § Results › M/EEG Acquisition and Preprocessing of Evoked Responses ↔ functions/preprocess.R, lines 1–43 · score 0.81 · LinkM, linked earlobes, left mastoid, Linked mastoids, CMS, LAP
  3. [3] § Results › Overview of Methodological Choices ↔ functions/config/shiny.R, lines 1–60 · score 0.80 · ECG locations, rejected components, ECG ground, quality control, cutoff frequencies, baseline window
  4. [4] § Results › Dealing With Cardiac Artifacts ↔ functions/config/allowed.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.74 · power spectrum, Semi automatic, CORRMAP, ICLabel, SASICA, phase
  5. [5] § Results › Control Analysis ↔ functions/config/controls.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.74 · heart rate variability, blood pressure, RR interval, heartbeat related controls, respiration, ECG
  6. [6] § Results › Overview of Methodological Choices ↔ functions/config/column_mapping.R, lines 1–51 · score 0.67 · ECG locations, rejected components, ECG ground, rejection, detection, event
  7. [7] § Results › Dealing With Cardiac Artifacts ↔ functions/config/shiny.R, lines 1–60 · score 0.67 · cardiac ICs, removed CFA related, EEG sensor, CFA removal, configuration, median
  8. [8] § Results › Control Analysis ↔ functions/plots/plot_control_categories.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.65 · heart rate variability, blood pressure, heartbeat related controls, respiration, ECG
  9. [9] § Results › Dealing With Cardiac Artifacts ↔ functions/figures/05_cfa_removal.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.64 · removed CFA related, CFA removal, cardiac ICs, ICA, components, epochs
  10. [10] § Results › ECG Acquisition and Preprocessing ↔ functions/figures/04_ecg_summary.R, lines 24–79 · score 0.61 · Peak detection, FMRIB, HEPLAB, Kubios, Peakfinder, Pan
  11. [11] § Results › Dealing With Cardiac Artifacts ↔ functions/config/controls.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.59 · RR interval, heart rate, heartbeat related, arousal, variability
  12. [12] § Results › Dealing With Cardiac Artifacts ↔ functions/config/allowed.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.58 · rsHER, semi automatic, PCA, CSD, algorithms, RR
  13. [13] § Results › Dealing With Cardiac Artifacts ↔ functions/figures/05_cfa_removal.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.56 · CFA related ICs, rejected CFA related, RR intervals, algorithms, removal, ICA
  14. [14] § Methods › Data Analysis › Minimal Detectable Effect Sizes ↔ functions/analysis/hedges_g.R, lines 11–146 · score 0.54 · minimal detectable, pwr, Hedges, ANOVAs, correlations, powered
  15. [15] § Results › ECG Acquisition and Preprocessing ↔ functions/figures/04_ecg_summary.R, lines 24–79 · score 0.53 · ECG preprocessing, filter cutoffs, match, events, detection, peak
  16. [16] § Results › M/EEG Acquisition and Preprocessing of Evoked Responses ↔ functions/config/shiny.R, lines 61–102 · score 0.51 · noisy epochs, bad channels, signal, artifact, EEG, ICA
  17. [17] § Results › M/EEG Acquisition and Preprocessing of Evoked Responses ↔ functions/postprocess.R, lines 1–69 · score 0.51 · noisy epochs, bad channels, ICA, component, artifact, EEG

Paper

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The authors' code

R · 102 lines · 15 KB · no license · 3 matches

  1. shiny_config <- list(
  2. # Column explanations for tooltips
  3. "column_tooltips" = list(
  4. title = "Title of the paper, exported directly from PubMed without any modifications.",
  5. authors = "The list of authors, exported directly from PubMed without any modifications.",
  6. year = "The year of publication, exported directly from PubMed without any modifications.",
  7. preregistration = "'Yes' if the study was preregistered, 'No' otherwise.",
  8. topic = "A set of keywords that describes the context for the performed HER analysis. The keywords are grouped hierarchically, allowing one to search for broader categories. The keywords for one concept are combined with '/', e.g., \"Affective processes/Arousal\". Multiple keyword sets can be assigned to a single study.",
  9. patients = "'Yes' if patients (of any disorder) were included in the sample, 'No' otherwise.",
  10. age_mean = "Average age across participant groups, in years.",
  11. age_min = "Minimum age across participant groups, in years.",
  12. age_max = "Maximum age across participant groups, in years.",
  13. age_group = "Matching of average age to different age-groups: < 1 = Infants, >= 1 & < 12 = Children, >= 12 & < 18 = Adolescents, >= 18 = Adults",
  14. age_range = "Reported age range for each participant group, in years. Possible formats depend on how the range was specified in the reviewed papers and include: min-max, mean+-SD, median[IQR]. If age information was unavailable, it was recorded as 'unknown'. ",
  15. new_data = "'Yes' if new data were collected for the study, 'No' if existing datasets were used.",
  16. sample_size = "The total number of participants, summed across all groups/experiments if applicable. If available, how many participants were actually used in analyses after exclusion. If a statistical test was done in only a sub-sample of participants (e.g., only within a healthy controls group), the size of this sub-sample is used. If exactly the same test was performed in several sub-samples separately, the smallest sub-sample size is used.",
  17. setting = "Indicates whether the analysis focused on HERs during resting-state or changes in HERs between different tasks or conditions.",
  18. modality = "Recording modality for the described experiment.",
  19. meeg_num_electrodes = "The total number of sensors used for recording the M/EEG data.",
  20. meg_num_grad = "The total number of gradiometers used for recording the MEG data.",
  21. meg_num_mag = "The total number of magnetometers used for recording the MEG data.",
  22. meeg_sfreq_orig = "If reported, the sampling frequency (in Hz) of the recorded M/EEG data. If the sampling frequency differed between participants, then the smallest one was extracted for the purpose of a quality control check.",
  23. meeg_sfreq_final = "If reported, the sampling frequency of the M/EEG data in the offline analysis (e.g., after downsampling).",
  24. meeg_layout = "Layout of M/EEG sensors. Names of most layouts were normalized to match the built-in montages in the FieldTrip toolbox.",
  25. eeg_locations = "A list of layout-specific EEG channel names (e.g., Fp1, Fp2 for the 10-20 system or A1, A2 for the 128-channel Biosemi layout), if it is possible to derive them from the text, the name of the cap or the topomaps shown in the paper. The value \"layout\" is used in case it wasn\u2019t possible to derive the locations. In that case, locations from a template montage with a similar number of channels are used for the analysis.",
  26. length_min = "The total length of recordings in minutes, if specified explicitly. If both task and resting-state recording lengths are reported, the preference is for the resting-state length or for the length of time interval that was actually used for analysis of HERs.",
  27. ecg_num_electrodes = "The total number of active electrodes placed on the body to record ECG (not including the ECG ground). In case only one ECG electrode is explicitly mentioned in the paper, one of the EEG electrodes was most likely used to derive ECG since at least two electrodes are required. Such configurations were not classified as any of the basic leads.",
  28. ecg_lead = "If possible to derive from the description, the ECG lead that was used for data analysis (e.g., R-peak detection, correlation with ICA components, control analyses). In case the paper only mentions, for example, Einthoven II configuration or Lead I configuration without specifying the exact locations of the electrodes, the assumption is made that the electrodes were placed in the correct positions to allow the appropriate lead to be captured. N/C: not-classified, N/M: not mentioned, None: no ECG used.",
  29. ecg_locations = "Specific locations of ECG electrodes, if possible to derive from the description, not including the ECG ground. When possible, the locations were interpreted as one of the standard positions according to the description in this resource. Otherwise, the description from the mentioning paper is used.",
  30. ecg_ground = "Location of the ground electrode if indicated.",
  31. ecg_sfreq_orig = "If reported, the sampling frequency (in Hz) of the recorded ECG data.",
  32. ecg_sfreq_final = "If reported, the sampling frequency (in Hz) of the ECG data in the offline analysis (e.g., after downsampling).",
  33. ecg_high_pass = "If specified, the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter that was applied to the ECG data, in Hz.",
  34. ecg_low_pass = "If specified, the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter that was applied to the ECG data, in Hz.",
  35. ecg_event_method = "Algorithm that was used for automatic detection of R-/T-peaks in the ECG.",
  36. ecg_event_toolbox = "Software that was used for automatic detection of R-/T-peaks in the ECG.",
  37. reference_online = "The channel that was used as reference during the recording of the EEG data.",
  38. reference_offline = "The reference that was used during the analysis of the EEG data.",
  39. high_pass = "If specified, the cutoff frequency of the high-pass filter that was applied to the M/EEG data, in Hz. In case several evoked responses were computed with different filter settings, we specify the high-pass cutoff frequency that was used to compute the HER. In case several filters were applied, the highest value is specified.",
  40. low_pass = "If specified, the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter that was applied to the M/EEG data, in Hz. In case several evoked responses were computed with different filter settings, we specify the low-pass cutoff frequency that was used to compute the HER. In case several filters were applied, the lowest value is specified.",
  41. ICA = "Whether ICA was applied during data preprocessing to remove artifacts.",
  42. ica_on_epochs = "Whether epoching relative to the R-peak or T-peak was applied before performing the ICA.",
  43. rejected_components = "Types of artifactual components that were rejected using ICA.",
  44. rejected_cardiac_ics = "The number of removed CFA-related ICA components, if specified. Can be a single value (e.g., mean across all participants) or a range.",
  45. cfa_rej_approach = "Approach used to determine the CFA-related ICA components.",
  46. cfa_rej_criteria = "Types of data representations that were used for deciding which ICA components to remove as CFA-related.",
  47. other_cfa_removal_strategy = "Other approaches apart from ICA that were used to remove/suppress/avoid the CFA in the data.",
  48. other_cleaning_strategy = "Optionally, what were other approaches used to clean the data from artifacts. Free text options are allowed.",
  49. hep_eeg_channels_selected = "Names of EEG channels that were selected for analysis of HER, if it was possible to derive them from the text or the figures of the paper. The column can also contain “All” if all channels were used or “All except …” if the excluded channels are mentioned in the paper. If it wasn’t possible to determine the selected channels from the description, “unknown” is used.",
  50. hep_meg_channels_selected = "All if all MEG channels were included in the HER analysis, or ‘Magnetometers’ if only the magnetometers were used.",
  51. groups = "Number of groups of participants if the analysis was performed for comparison of groups.",
  52. conditions = "Number of conditions if the analysis was performed for comparison of conditions.",
  53. trials = "The number of trials/epochs that were averaged to obtain the HERs, derived in the following way: (1) Per condition. Per participant; (2) Minimum among conditions (preferable), or mean if only the mean was reported; (3) Final number used in analyses (i.e., after all exclusion criteria were applied), if reported; (4) If a test was performed for comparison of both conditions and groups simultaneously (e.g., regression or ANOVA with an interaction term, comparison of difference between conditions between groups), report the smallest number of trials per subject per group per condition, or mean number, if available; (5) If no information about the number of trials per subject, group, condition is reported explicitly then we estimate it. Details of such estimation are provided in the column \"Trial Estimation\". Examples: (1) length of recording in minutes multiplied by 60 beats per minute or a reported average heart rate; (2) number of trials in a condition of a task multiplied by how many HERs were analysed per trial multiplied by percentage of trials that were not rejected during preprocessing. The estimates are stored as [estX], where X is the estimated number of trials.",
  54. hep_window_type = "Reported approach that was used to define the HER space-time window of interest. Primary: The selection of the space-time window is not based on the analyzed data (e.g. based on previous research); Secondary: The selection of the space-time window is based on the analyzed data. Example: using the time window and channels belonging to the significant cluster for additional analyses (e.g., correlation with behavior).",
  55. hep_relative_to = "Part of the ECG signal that was used to define the onset of the HER.",
  56. hep_start = "If specified, the start of the time window (in ms) used for HER analysis.",
  57. hep_end = "If specified, the end of the time window (in ms) used for HER analysis.",
  58. baseline_start_ms = "Whether the baseline correction was performed and, if so, the start of the baseline window (in ms). If None, the authors explicitly chose to perform no baseline correction.",
  59. baseline_end_ms = "Whether the baseline correction was performed and, if so, the end of the baseline window (in ms). If None, the authors explicitly chose to perform no baseline correction.",
  60. hypothesis = "The kind of association that was tested. This column contrasts statistical comparison of groups/conditions to the study of linear or non-linear associations.",
  61. value = "Features extracted after obtaining HER which are then used in statistical analyses.",
  62. averaging_channels = "Whether the analysis included averaging across channels.",
  63. averaging_time = "Whether the analysis included averaging across time points.",
  64. statistics = "A statistical test that was used for analysis. For brevity, we joined them into larger families of tests.",
  65. clustering = "'Yes' - permutations were used, 'No' - permutations were not used. ",
  66. permutations = "The number of permutations used for clustering, if applicable.",
  67. significant_test = "'Yes' if the result of the performed statistical test was significant, 'No' otherwise. None if not applicable (e.g., if no statistical tests were performed). Unknown if a test was performed but its significance was not stated.",
  68. significant_eeg_channels = "If applicable, names of EEG channels that belong to any significant cluster. If the names could not be derived from the text or the figures of the paper, “unknown” was used.",
  69. significant_relative_to = "Part of the ECG signal that the significant cluster is referenced to.",
  70. significant_start_ms = "If specified, the earliest time point of the earliest significant cluster (in ms).",
  71. significant_end_ms = "If specified, the latest time point of the latest significant cluster (in ms).",
  72. controls = "Variables/approaches which were either (1) explicitly used in the control analyses or (2) kept comparable between groups/conditions through matched samples. The overview of HRV measures by Shaffer & Ginsberg, (2017) was used for normalization.",
  73. trial_estimation = "Description of how we approximated the number of trials per participant, per group, per condition if this number was not explicitly provided in a paper.",
  74. source = "Source of the publication, either PubMed or manual identification from reference lists of papers.",
  75. baseline_defined = "If baseline correction was performed.",
  76. has_resting = "'Yes' if the study included resting-state recordings, 'No' otherwise.",
  77. has_task = "'Yes' if the study included task recordings, 'No' otherwise.",
  78. study_category = "Only resting-state data, only task-based data, or both types of data analysed in the study.",
  79. clean_noisy_epochs = "Were noisy epochs removed from the data before HER analysis?",
  80. clean_bad_channels = "Were bad channels removed from the data before HER analysis?",
  81. reject_cfa_ics = "Were CFA-related ICA components removed from the data before HER analysis?",
  82. cfa_minimal_rr = "Minimal R-R interval used for HER analysis, in milliseconds",
  83. cfa_use_minimal_rr = "'Yes' if minimal R-R interval was used for HER analysis",
  84. cfa_use_minimal_artifact_window = "Did the authors limit the analyses to a specific time range specifically to avoid the CFA?",
  85. cfa_csd = "CSD transformation applied to reduce CFA",
  86. cfa_regress = "Regression-based CFA removal",
  87. cfa_pca = "PCA-based CFA removal",
  88. cfa_subtract_rest = "Resting state ECG subtracted from EEG for CFA removal",
  89. reference_category = "Analysis referenced to R- or T-peak",
  90. baseline_category = "Baseline correction performed or not",
  91. determination_category = "In the study, was averaging or clustering or both (or none) used",
  92. window_type_category = "In the study, were only primary analyses performed or primary and secondary (both). See also 'hep_window_type' for explanation",
  93. trials_Mean = "Average number of trials used for HER analysis across participants. Contains estimated trial counts. See also 'trial_estimation' column for details on estimation procedure.",
  94. trials_SD = "Standard deviation of number of trials used for HER analysis across participants",
  95. trials_original = "Number of trials as reported in the study.",
  96. Journal = "Journal name as exported without any modifications",
  97. journal_full = "Full journal name",
  98. paper = "Publication title in citation style",
  99. PMID = "Pubmed ID of the publication",
  100. method_category = "Categorization of analysis approach into averaging or clustering. If unclear 'other' is used."
  101. )
  102. )

shiny.R at commit 5e17d5f, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Paul Steinfath1,2, Maria Azanova1,3, Nikolai Kapralov1,2, Thomas Loesche1, Lioba Enk1,3, Vadim Nikulin1, Arno Villringer1,3,4,5,6
ORCID iDs: Paul Steinfath, Maria Azanova, Nikolai Kapralov, Lioba Enk
  1. Department of Neurology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
  2. International Max Planck Research School NeuroCom Leipzig Germany
  3. Max Planck School of Cognition Leipzig Germany
  4. LIFE—Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
  5. Department of Cognitive Neurology University Hospital Leipzig Leipzig Germany
  6. MindBrainBody Institute, Berlin School of Mind and Brain Humboldt University Berlin Berlin Germany
Institutions: Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (Germany); Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (Germany); University Hospital Leipzig (Germany); Leipzig University (Germany)
Journal: Psychophysiology, volume 63, issue 4, article e70297
Dates: received 11 September 2025; accepted 23 March 2026; published online 6 April 2026; in print April 2026
Type: Review · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1111/psyp.70297 · PMID 41943417 · PMCID PMC13053922 · OpenAlex W7151568353
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: EEG (modality), MEG (modality), human (organism), methods / tools (subfield)
Methods: Connectivity, Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Preprocessing
Keywords: ECG, EEG, heartbeat‐evoked potential, heartbeat‐evoked response, MEG, methodological variability, reporting guidelines
MeSH: Brain*, Electroencephalography*, Evoked Potentials*, Heart Rate*, Interoception*, Magnetoencephalography*, Humans (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Bridging Neural and Bodily Signals
Topic: Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments (Psychiatry and Mental health, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Max‐Planck‐Institut für Kognitions‐ und Neurowissenschaften
Citations: cited by 3 papers (Europe PMC); 209 references in the paper

Abstract

Heartbeat‐evoked responses (HER), as measured by electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG), represent neural activity time‐locked to heartbeats and are widely used as a marker of cardiac interoception in the study of brain–body interactions. However, HER studies report largely variable findings, at least partially due to methodological variability. To achieve consensus on HER processing and improve the reproducibility of findings, the field urgently requires a structured summary of the methods employed so far. To this end, we conducted a systematic review of 132 HER studies using non‐invasive M/EEG recordings in humans. Our results reveal substantial heterogeneity across most steps of HER analysis, ranging from data acquisition and preprocessing to HER estimation and statistical approaches. The large diversity in the processing choices is accompanied by considerable proportions of unreported methodological information across reviewed studies, reaching up to 80% for key processing steps. In addition, less than 33% of studies had enough statistical power to reliably detect meta‐level HER effects, while their reported spatiotemporal locations varied substantially. We provide a comprehensive reporting and quality control checklist to aid in the development of more standardized procedures, highlighting critical steps for robust HER investigations. Additionally, we share the full extracted dataset, including an interactive version, to support other researchers in answering additional specific questions they may have. We hope that these resources will improve the robustness, reproducibility, and transparency of research in the growing HER field.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 17 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

PaulSteinfath/systematic-hep-review

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 5e17d5f65e5ff5ccae41cf665542fe39386b70ec, 23 April 2026
Languages: R (66), Python (1)
Size: 108 files, 67 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data Availability Statement”
Holds: README, environment (renv.lock), tests, continuous integration, 1 notebook
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, documentation
Tools: tidyverse (8 files), ggplot2 (2 files), cowplot (1 file), eegUtils (1 file), NumPy (1 file), pandas (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
  • 28 September 2026: the link answers
68 files
At the source: github.com/PaulSteinfath/systematic-hep-review

liobaenk/citation-diversity-tracking

License: CC0-1.0
State: the link answers, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 0d5a67e1aeb66f8291be17ce276cb6d59532b12e, 18 March 2026
Languages: R (4)
Size: 118 files, 4 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data Availability Statement”
Holds: README, 2 notebooks
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: ggplot2 (3 files), easystats (2 files), ggpubr (2 files), tidyverse (2 files)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
  • 28 September 2026: the link answers
5 files
At the source: github.com/liobaenk/citation-diversity-tracking

paulsteinfath.shinyapps.io/her-systematic-review

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: unreachable at the last attempt, verified on 29 September 2026
Evidence: found in the paper
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data Availability Statement”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 4 checks, the latest on 29 September 2026: unreachable at the last attempt (HTTP 202)
  • 29 September 2026: unreachable at the last attempt (HTTP 202)
  • 28 September 2026: unreachable at the last attempt (HTTP 202)
  • 28 September 2026: unreachable at the last attempt (HTTP 202)
  • 28 September 2026: unreachable at the last attempt (HTTP 202)
At the source: paulsteinfath.shinyapps.io/her-systematic-review/

PaulSteinfath/systematic-hep

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link is dead, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: found in the paper
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data Availability Statement”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link is dead
  • 28 September 2026: the link is dead
At the source: github.com/PaulSteinfath/systematic-hep

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 4 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 71 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 17 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

  • osf:znrbm, at OSF; found in the text, “Extraction of Methodological Choices”

Data Availability Statement

The full data table containing all relevant information extracted from the literature that is used in this systematic review can be accessed at https://osf.io/znrbm. In addition, we provide an interactive web application that allows browsing the dataset: https://paulsteinfath.shinyapps.io/her‐systematic‐review/ (https://paulsteinfath.shinyapps.io/her-systematic-review/). All analysis scripts are available at https://github.com/PaulSteinfath/systematic (https://github.com/PaulSteinfath/systematic-hep-review)‐hep (https://github.com/PaulSteinfath/systematic-hep-review) ‐review (https://github.com/PaulSteinfath/systematic-hep-review). Citation diversity code along with gender approximation datasets can be accessed at https://github.com/liobaenk/citation‐diversity‐tracking (https://github.com/liobaenk/citation-diversity-tracking).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Publisher: n/a → Wiley

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 7 keywords, 7 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 203 references.

Cite

This paper

Steinfath, P., Azanova, M., Kapralov, N., Loesche, T., Enk, L., Nikulin, V., & Villringer, A. (2026). Heartbeat-Evoked Responses in M/EEG: A Systematic Review of Methods With Suggestions for Analysis and Reporting. Psychophysiology, 63(4), e70297. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70297

BibTeX

@article{steinfath2026heartbeat,
author = {Steinfath, Paul and Azanova, Maria and Kapralov, Nikolai and Loesche, Thomas and Enk, Lioba and Nikulin, Vadim and Villringer, Arno},
title = {{Heartbeat-Evoked Responses in M/EEG: A Systematic Review of Methods With Suggestions for Analysis and Reporting}},
journal = {Psychophysiology},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {63},
number = {4},
pages = {e70297},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {0048-5772},
doi = {10.1111/psyp.70297},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70297},
pmid = {41943417},
pmcid = {PMC13053922}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Steinfath, Paul
AU - Azanova, Maria
AU - Kapralov, Nikolai
AU - Loesche, Thomas
AU - Enk, Lioba
AU - Nikulin, Vadim
AU - Villringer, Arno
TI - Heartbeat-Evoked Responses in M/EEG: A Systematic Review of Methods With Suggestions for Analysis and Reporting
T2 - Psychophysiology
J2 - Psychophysiology
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/01
VL - 63
IS - 4
SP - e70297
SN - 0048-5772
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1111/psyp.70297
UR - https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70297
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"container-title": "Psychophysiology",
"author": [
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"family": "Steinfath",
"given": "Paul"
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{
"family": "Azanova",
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{
"family": "Kapralov",
"given": "Nikolai"
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{
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},
{
"family": "Enk",
"given": "Lioba"
},
{
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},
{
"family": "Villringer",
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}
],
"container-title-short": "Psychophysiology",
"volume": "63",
"issue": "4",
"page": "e70297",
"DOI": "10.1111/psyp.70297",
"PMID": "41943417",
"PMCID": "PMC13053922",
"ISSN": "0048-5772",
"publisher": "Wiley",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.70297",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
4,
1
]
]
}
}

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