OSCR

Substance P regulates Tacr1 neurons, which control nitric oxide-mediated neurovascular coupling in the mouse cortex.

Code ↔ Paper

The paper beside its authors' code: matches between them have not been computed for this paper yet.

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

The paper is loaded when this pane is shown.

The authors' code

MATLAB · 56 lines · 1.3 KB · CC-BY-4.0

  1. darn=[]
  2. dar=reshape(rr1([1:nimtr*ntr]+noff,:),[nimtr ntr size(rr1,2)]);
  3. for mm=1:4, darn(:,:,mm)=dar(:,:,mm)./(ones(150,1)*squeeze(mean(dar(1:25,:,mm),1))); end;
  4. %figure; plot(dar(:,:,1))
  5. spacing = 1;
  6. figure;
  7. hold on
  8. yshift=0;
  9. wROI=1;
  10. for iii = 1:size(dar,2)
  11. plot(tt,dar(:,iii,wROI)+yshift)
  12. yshift=yshift+spacing;
  13. end
  14. plot(tt,rr1a(:,wROI)-spacing,'k','Linewidth',3)
  15. %figure; plot(dar(:,:,1))
  16. %% my additions
  17. yproj2max_darn=[];
  18. yproj2max_dar=reshape(yproj2max([1:nimtr*ntr]+noff,:),[nimtr ntr size(yproj2max,2)]);
  19. for mm=1:3, yproj2max_darn(:,:,mm)=yproj2max_dar(:,:,mm)./(ones(150,1)*squeeze(mean(yproj2max_dar(1:25,:,mm),1))); end;
  20. %yproj2max_a=squeeze(mean(reshape(yproj2max([1:nimtr*ntr]+noff,:),[nimtr ntr size(yproj2max,2)]),2));
  21. %yproj2max_an=yproj2max_a./(ones(size(yproj2max_a,1),1)*mean(yproj2max_a(1:nbase,:),1));
  22. spacing = 1;
  23. figure;
  24. hold on
  25. yshift=0;
  26. wROI=1;
  27. for iii = 1:size(yproj2max_dar,2)
  28. plot(tt,yproj2max_dar(:,iii,wROI)+yshift)
  29. yshift=yshift+spacing;
  30. end
  31. plot(tt,yproj2max_a(:,wROI)-spacing,'k','Linewidth',3)
  32. dar=reshape(rr1([1:nimtr*ntr]+noff,:),[nimtr ntr size(rr1,2)]);
  33. %figure; plot(dar(:,:,1))
  34. spacing = 2;
  35. figure;
  36. hold on
  37. yshift=0;
  38. wROI=1;
  39. for iii = 1:size(dar,2)
  40. plot(tt,dar(:,iii,wROI)+yshift)
  41. yshift=yshift+spacing;
  42. end
  43. plot(tt,rr1a(:,wROI)-spacing,'k','Linewidth',3)

AllTrials.m, under CC-BY-4.0 · at the source

Overview

  1. Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  2. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  3. Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
  4. Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Institutions: University of Pittsburgh (United States)
Journal: Science advances, volume 12, issue 27, article eadx5109
Dates: received 17 March 2025; accepted 18 May 2026; published online 3 July 2026; in print July 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC
Identifiers: DOI 10.1126/sciadv.adx5109 · PMID 42397904 · PMCID PMC13330815 · OpenAlex W7167240177
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: mouse (organism), stroke (population), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Methods: Connectivity, Statistics, Evoked potentials, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Physiology & signal measures
MeSH: Cerebral Cortex*, Neurons*, Neurovascular Coupling*, Nitric Oxide*, Receptors, Neurokinin-1*, Substance P*, Animals, Astrocytes, Calcium, Calcium Signaling, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Mice, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I, Vasodilation (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Neuroscience, Cell Biology
Topic: Neuroscience of respiration and sleep (Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Institutes (F31-NS132422, R01-NS090444, R01-NS117515, R01-NS119410)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 67 references in the paper

Abstract

Neuronal activity–driven increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF), known as neurovascular coupling (NVC), are crucial for sustaining the metabolic demands of the brain. Our group has found that Tacr1 neurons, a subset of somatostatin neurons expressing the substance P (SP) receptor and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), exert a disproportionately large regulation of CBF. Here, we use two-photon imaging to show that Tacr1 neurons regulate CBF through nitric oxide (NO) release and SP-receptor signaling . We identify astrocytic calcium (Ca2+) transients as a secondary response to vasodilation. To identify potential sources of SP in somatosensory cortex, viral mapping revealed Tac1-positive neurons locally, predominantly among parvalbumin (PV) neurons, as well as Tac1-positive long-range projections from perirhinal cortex. Functional analyses indicate that PV neurons regulate CBF through a Tacr1 neuron dependent pathway. These findings suggest a sequential mechanism whereby Tacr1 neurons respond to SP to release NO, inducing vasodilation and driving astrocytic Ca2+ signaling.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

Zenodo 10656014

License: CC-BY-4.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Size: 1 file
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data, code, and materials availability:”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
149 files

neuroimlabpitt/tacr1-paper2024_functions

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 26aa78e31662666a75b3cb37324ad8e2b055dedc, 13 February 2024
Languages: MATLAB (149)
Size: 150 files, 149 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the Zenodo archive record
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
149 files, not copied: shown from their source

OSCR keeps no copy of these files: this repository has no license that allows it. The reader above shows each one from its source, fetched by your browser at commit 26aa78e, when its fingerprint is the one OSCR verified. How this works.

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 2 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 298 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

Data, code, and materials availability

All data and code needed to evaluate and reproduce the results in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. All materials used in this study are commercially available. Custom code for analyzing calcium imaging and optogenetic data is available on Zenodo: https://zenodo.org/records/10656014. Calcium imaging and optogenetic mouse data have been processed and made publicly available on Mendeley dataset: https://data.mendeley.com/drafts/y8rktzjwj3. Beyond the data and analyses, this study did not generate new materials.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 14 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 67 references.

Cite

This paper

Juarez Anaya, F., Kim, J., Ross, S. E., & Vazquez, A. L. (2026). Substance P regulates Tacr1 neurons, which control nitric oxide-mediated neurovascular coupling in the mouse cortex. Science advances, 12(27), eadx5109. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx5109

BibTeX

@article{juarezanaya2026substance,
author = {Juarez Anaya, Fernanda and Kim, Jiwon and Ross, Sarah E. and Vazquez, Alberto L.},
title = {{Substance P regulates Tacr1 neurons, which control nitric oxide-mediated neurovascular coupling in the mouse cortex}},
journal = {Science advances},
year = {2026},
month = jul,
volume = {12},
number = {27},
pages = {eadx5109},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
issn = {2375-2548},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.adx5109},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx5109},
pmid = {42397904},
pmcid = {PMC13330815}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Juarez Anaya, Fernanda
AU - Kim, Jiwon
AU - Ross, Sarah E.
AU - Vazquez, Alberto L.
TI - Substance P regulates Tacr1 neurons, which control nitric oxide-mediated neurovascular coupling in the mouse cortex
T2 - Science advances
J2 - Sci Adv
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/07/03
VL - 12
IS - 27
SP - eadx5109
SN - 2375-2548
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science
DO - 10.1126/sciadv.adx5109
UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx5109
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1126/sciadv.adx5109",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Substance P regulates Tacr1 neurons, which control nitric oxide-mediated neurovascular coupling in the mouse cortex",
"container-title": "Science advances",
"author": [
{
"family": "Juarez Anaya",
"given": "Fernanda"
},
{
"family": "Kim",
"given": "Jiwon"
},
{
"family": "Ross",
"given": "Sarah E."
},
{
"family": "Vazquez",
"given": "Alberto L."
}
],
"container-title-short": "Sci Adv",
"volume": "12",
"issue": "27",
"page": "eadx5109",
"DOI": "10.1126/sciadv.adx5109",
"PMID": "42397904",
"PMCID": "PMC13330815",
"ISSN": "2375-2548",
"publisher": "American Association for the Advancement of Science",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adx5109",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
7,
3
]
]
}
}

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1093/cercor/bhag040 [code]
BOLD response delays represent local cortical processing.
Journal: Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
In common: Image Processing Toolbox, Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, stroke, 8 references
[2] doi:10.1038/s41592-026-03154-2 [code]
Simultaneous single-cell calcium imaging of neuronal population activity and brain-wide BOLD fMRI.
Journal: Nature methods
In common: Image Processing Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, mouse, 7 references
[3] doi:10.7554/elife.92805 [code]
Brain-wide mapping of layer-specific functional connectivity in the human cortex at 3T using draining-vein-suppressed fMRI.
Journal: eLife
In common: Image Processing Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, 2 references
[4] doi:10.1002/hbm.70602 [code]
Neuroimaging Correlates of Post-Stroke Pain After Ischemic Stroke: Secondary Analysis of the INSPiRE-TMS Trial.
Journal: Human brain mapping
In common: Optimization Toolbox, Image Processing Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, 1 other tool, stroke
[5] doi:10.1111/ene.70678 [code]
Who Falls After a Stroke? Evidence From a Prospective Stroke Cohort.
Journal: European journal of neurology
In common: Optimization Toolbox, Image Processing Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, 1 other tool, stroke
[6] doi:10.7554/elife.109888 [code]
Intravital calcium imaging of meningeal macrophages reveals niche-specific dynamics and aberrant responses to brain hyperexcitability.
Journal: eLife
In common: Optimization Toolbox, Image Processing Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, 1 other tool, mouse, cellular / molecular
[7] doi:10.1126/sciadv.aee9298 [code]
Synaptic zinc plasticity shapes adaptive and maladaptive cortical plasticity following cochlear injury.
Journal: Science advances
In common: Image Processing Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, mouse, cellular / molecular, 1 reference
[8] doi:10.1002/glia.70181 [code]
Female Mice Show Stronger Time-of-Day Modulation of Astrocytic Ca<sup>2+</sup> Activity in the Sleep-Regulatory Ventrolateral Preoptic Nucleus.
Journal: Glia
In common: Image Processing Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, mouse, cellular / molecular, 1 reference
[9] doi:10.1038/s41422-026-01256-2 [code]
Neurovascular coupling in the basolateral amygdala modulates negative emotions.
Journal: Cell research
In common: Image Processing Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, mouse, 2 references
[10] doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10957-8 [code]
Brain defence by the extracellular matrix protein Cochlin.
Journal: Communications biology
In common: Optimization Toolbox, Signal Processing Toolbox, Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, mouse, cellular / molecular, 1 reference

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: questions and error reports about this paper and its code, from signed-in readers and its authors. It opens with sign-in.

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code: what they reproduced, with which environment, commit and data. It opens with sign-in.

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.