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The cerebellum implements structured representation of valence to support adaptive behavior control.

Overview

Authors: Wataru Koyama1, Yuki Tanimoto2,3, Tanvir Islam2, Makio Torigoe2, Takashi Shimizu1, Takashi Kawashima4, Hitoshi Okamoto2,3,5, Masahiko Hibi1
ORCID iDs: Wataru Koyama, Yuki Tanimoto, Tanvir Islam, Makio Torigoe, Takashi Shimizu, Takashi Kawashima, Hitoshi Okamoto, Masahiko Hibi
  1. Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
  2. RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
  3. Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8489, Japan
  4. Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
  5. Institute of Neuropsychiatry, 91 Benten-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0851, Japan
Institutions: Nagoya University (Japan); Waseda University (Japan); RIKEN Center for Brain Science (Japan); Weizmann Institute of Science (Israel)
Journal: Science advances, volume 12, issue 22, article eaeb5860
Dates: received 18 August 2025; accepted 16 April 2026; published online 29 May 2026; in print May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC
Identifiers: DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aeb5860 · PMID 42213837 · PMCID PMC13220880 · OpenAlex W7162789983
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: zebrafish (organism), systems (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Machine learning, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging, Connectivity
MeSH: Avoidance Learning*, Behavior, Animal*, Cerebellum*, Animals, Neurons, Optogenetics, Purkinje Cells, Zebrafish (* major topic)
Topic: Vestibular and auditory disorders (Neurology, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K05845, 23K23894, JP23H04976, JP22KJ1601, 25K02283); Japan Science and Technology Agency (JPMJCR1753)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 78 references in the paper
Research resources: Anti–green fluorescent protein antibody RRID:AB_10013361, RRID:AB_144696, Alexa Fluor 488 goat anti-rat RRID:AB_2534074

Abstract

Animals are thought to form internal models in the brain representing safety and danger, enabling avoidance through learned associations. Although the cerebellum has been implicated in active avoidance, its role in constructing internal models remains unclear. Here, we combined calcium imaging and closed-loop virtual reality in adult zebrafish to examine cerebellar circuits underlying avoidance learning. Fish learned to associate visual cues with safety or danger in a cerebellum-dependent manner using electric shocks as instructive signals. Cerebellar output neurons and Purkinje cells in the dorsal cerebellum developed cue-selective responses. Output neurons encoded both valence states, with danger-preferring cells prevalent, whereas Purkinje cells showed stronger danger bias. After cue reversal, neural selectivity adapted to the new rule. Safety- and danger-selective output neurons were spatially segregated, indicating anatomically dedicated units for valence processing. Optogenetic inhibition of shock-related inputs to Purkinje cells impaired rule updating. Together, our results indicate that the cerebellum forms an internal model of safety and danger, enabling adaptive avoidance.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Code

No file of the authors' code could be read here: it is described below, and read at its source.

Zenodo 18317482

License: CC-BY-4.0
State: the link answers, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Size: 1 file
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data, code, and materials availability:”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 28 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
At the source: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18317482

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data, code, and materials availability

All data and code needed to evaluate and reproduce the results in the paper are present in the paper, the Supplementary Materials, or in the following Zenodo repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18317482), including the complete datasets underlying the analyses and results. The source data underlying all figure panels are provided as data S1. All custom analysis code used in this study is also available in the same Zenodo repository. Zebrafish lines used in this study are being deposited in the National BioResource Project Zebrafish (NBRP Zebrafish, Japan; https://shigen.nig.ac.jp/zebra/) and can be searched by strain name. The following strains are available or will be available: Tg(aldoca:NTR-TagRFPT)nub125Tg [registered as Tg(aldoca:NTR-TagRFPT)], hspzGFFgDMC156A, Tg(5xUAS-hsp70l:GCaMP6s)nkUAShspzGCMP6s13aTg [registered as UAShspGCaMP6s13A], and Tg(aldoca:GtACR1-EYFP)nub86Tg [registered as Tg(aldoca:GtACR1-EYFP)]. Tg(aldoca:GAL4FF, myl7:mCherry)nub127Tg is in the process of deposition and will be available as Tg(aldoca:GAL4FF, myl7:mCherry). All lines can be requested through NBRP Zebrafish.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Funding: added Japan Society for the Promotion of Science: 23K05845, 23K23894, JP23H04976, JP22KJ1601, 25K02283; Japan Science and Technology Agency: JPMJCR1753

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 8 MeSH terms, 78 references, 3 RRIDs.

Cite

This paper

Koyama, W., Tanimoto, Y., Islam, T., Torigoe, M., Shimizu, T., Kawashima, T., Okamoto, H., & Hibi, M. (2026). The cerebellum implements structured representation of valence to support adaptive behavior control. Science advances, 12(22), eaeb5860. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeb5860

BibTeX

@article{koyama2026cerebellum,
author = {Koyama, Wataru and Tanimoto, Yuki and Islam, Tanvir and Torigoe, Makio and Shimizu, Takashi and Kawashima, Takashi and Okamoto, Hitoshi and Hibi, Masahiko},
title = {{The cerebellum implements structured representation of valence to support adaptive behavior control}},
journal = {Science advances},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {12},
number = {22},
pages = {eaeb5860},
publisher = {American Association for the Advancement of Science},
issn = {2375-2548},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aeb5860},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeb5860},
pmid = {42213837},
pmcid = {PMC13220880}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Koyama, Wataru
AU - Tanimoto, Yuki
AU - Islam, Tanvir
AU - Torigoe, Makio
AU - Shimizu, Takashi
AU - Kawashima, Takashi
AU - Okamoto, Hitoshi
AU - Hibi, Masahiko
TI - The cerebellum implements structured representation of valence to support adaptive behavior control
T2 - Science advances
J2 - Sci Adv
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/29
VL - 12
IS - 22
SP - eaeb5860
SN - 2375-2548
PB - American Association for the Advancement of Science
DO - 10.1126/sciadv.aeb5860
UR - https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aeb5860
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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