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An implanted lennula approach to measure neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> responses in the awake marmoset visual cortex.

Overview

Authors: Soo Hyun Park1,2, Stephany A. Nti2, Madeline Marcelle3, Elena M. Esch2, Kuan Hong Wang4, Afonso C. Silva3,5, David A. Leopold2,6
ORCID iDs: Soo Hyun Park, Kuan Hong Wang, Afonso C. Silva, David A. Leopold
  1. Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  2. Section on Cognitive Neurophysiology and Imaging, Systems Neurodevelopment Laboratory, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  3. Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, United States
  4. Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
  5. Department of Neurobiology, Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and Department of Bioengineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
  6. Neurophysiology Imaging Facility, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
Institutions: National Institutes of Health (United States); Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (South Korea); National Institute of Mental Health (United States); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (United States); University of Rochester Medicine (United States); University of Pittsburgh (United States); National Eye Institute (United States)
Journal: Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), volume 4, article IMAG.a.1149
Dates: received 26 August 2025; accepted 2 February 2026; published online 4 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1162/imag.a.1149 · PMID 41799682 · PMCID PMC12961308 · OpenAlex W7128429574
Open access: diamond, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request
Categories: optical imaging (calcium, voltage, 2-photon) (modality), non-human primate (organism), systems (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Connectivity, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Machine learning, fMRI & imaging, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: marmoset, extrastriate cortex, miniscope, prism, natural vision
Topic: Retinal Development and Disorders (Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Ministry of Science and ICT (RS-2024-00406240, RS-2025-02263832, G04230052); Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2025 (RS-2024-00333012); POSCO TJ Park Foundation; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience; NINDS (ZIANS003041, ZIANS003012); National Institute on Aging (U19AG074866, R24AG073190); Pennsylvania Department of Health (SAP4100087331); National Institute of Mental Health (ZIAMH002838, ZIAMH002898)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 44 references in the paper
Research resources: pAAVTREGCaMP6f RRID:Addgene_97410, pAAV_Thy1StTA RRID:Addgene_97411

Abstract

We present a novel approach for endoscopic calcium imaging in the marmoset extrastriate visual cortex, combining a chronically implanted microprism lens with an integrated injection cannula. This method achieved stable, longitudinal imaging of visually responsive GCaMP-expressing neurons over multiple weeks. Using a head-mounted miniscope in two subjects, we repeatedly presented naturalistic visual stimuli and longitudinally tracked the activity of more than one hundred neurons across sessions within an 800-μm2 field of view. Stably monitored neurons in cortical areas V3 and MT responded reliably to visual images and movies over periods up to 3 weeks. Cells having different visual response preferences were spatially intermixed. These results demonstrate the feasibility of longitudinal calcium imaging in the primate visual cortex using a single-surgery, integrated lens-cannula approach, and provide initial insights into single neuron response stability and diversity to naturalistic stimuli in mid-level cortical visual areas.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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Data

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Data and Code Availability

Data and codes will be made available upon request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 7 authors, 5 keywords, 8 funders, 44 references, 2 RRIDs.

Cite

This paper

Park, S. H., Nti, S. A., Marcelle, M., Esch, E. M., Wang, K. H., Silva, A. C., & Leopold, D. A. (2026). An implanted lennula approach to measure neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> responses in the awake marmoset visual cortex. Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 4, IMAG.a.1149. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1149

BibTeX

@article{park2026implanted,
author = {Park, Soo Hyun and Nti, Stephany A. and Marcelle, Madeline and Esch, Elena M. and Wang, Kuan Hong and Silva, Afonso C. and Leopold, David A.},
title = {{An implanted lennula approach to measure neural Ca\<sup\>2+\</sup\> responses in the awake marmoset visual cortex}},
journal = {Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {4},
pages = {IMAG.a.1149},
publisher = {MIT Press},
issn = {2837-6056},
doi = {10.1162/imag.a.1149},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1149},
pmid = {41799682},
pmcid = {PMC12961308}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Park, Soo Hyun
AU - Nti, Stephany A.
AU - Marcelle, Madeline
AU - Esch, Elena M.
AU - Wang, Kuan Hong
AU - Silva, Afonso C.
AU - Leopold, David A.
TI - An implanted lennula approach to measure neural Ca<sup>2+</sup> responses in the awake marmoset visual cortex
T2 - Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
J2 - Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/04
VL - 4
SP - IMAG.a.1149
SN - 2837-6056
PB - MIT Press
DO - 10.1162/imag.a.1149
UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1149
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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