OSCR

Tactile force evokes a biphasic BOLD response in ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex.

Overview

Authors: Anna C Feldbush1,2, Nahid Kalantaryardebily3, Neha A Reddy4, Rebecca Faubion-Trejo1, Jeff Soldate1, Jonathan Lisinski1, Molly G Bright4, Netta Gurari5, Stephen M LaConte1,5
ORCID iDs: Neha A Reddy, Molly G Bright, Stephen M LaConte
  1. Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
  2. Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
  3. Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
  4. Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  5. Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
Institutions: Virginia Tech (United States); Northwestern University (United States)
Journal: Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), volume 4, article IMAG.a.1236
Dates: received 6 October 2025; accepted 5 April 2026; published online 21 May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1162/imag.a.1236 · PMID 42180179 · PMCID PMC13195919 · OpenAlex W7155557029
Open access: diamond, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: fMRI (modality), systems (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Machine learning, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: negative BOLD, multi-echo fMRI, tactile signaling, primary somatosensory cortex
Topic: Tactile and Sensory Interactions (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Institutes of Health (1r03hd113915-01, T32 EB025766)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 65 references in the paper

Abstract

Tactile perception is fundamental to how we engage with and interpret our surroundings. While the contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1) is well known to play a role in processing tactile information, lesser understood responses in the ipsilateral hemisphere have been observed. We aim to characterize the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response pattern of ipsilateral S1 to unilateral tactile stimuli. Three stimulus force levels were applied in an event-related design. As expected, we observed an apparent difference in BOLD responses between the contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres. We found differing response patterns between the Brodmann’s areas (BAs) within ipsilateral S1. Ipsilateral BA2 had a positive BOLD response similar to that of the contralateral hemisphere. In contrast, ipsilateral BA1 and BA3b appeared to have a biphasic response. That is, those regions had an initial negative response, followed by a secondary positive one. Using multi-echo analysis, we evaluated whether this biphasic response pattern is BOLD related. We hypothesize that this biphasic response is driven by two periods of neural activity. In addition, the secondary (positive) phase was more sensitive to tactile stimulus force level than the initial “negative” BOLD phase. The ipsilateral BA1 and BA3b responses support a previous hypothesis of bilateral sensory gating. This study extends previous research reporting negative responses in ipsilateral S1, suggesting that the response is consistent with a BOLD signal, biphasic, and that the previously overlooked secondary positive phase is actually more sensitive to stimulus intensity.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper links to its data, not to its authors' code: see the Data section.

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

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Data

Datasets cited

Data and Code Availability

All MRI data and processing scripts are available at: https://openneuro.org/datasets/ds006758/versions/1.0.0.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Funding: added National Institutes of Health: 1r03hd113915-01, T32 EB025766

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 9 authors, 4 keywords, 65 references.

Cite

This paper

Feldbush, A. C., Kalantaryardebily, N., Reddy, N. A., Faubion-Trejo, R., Soldate, J., Lisinski, J., Bright, M. G., Gurari, N., & LaConte, S. M. (2026). Tactile force evokes a biphasic BOLD response in ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex. Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 4, IMAG.a.1236. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1236

BibTeX

@article{feldbush2026tactile,
author = {Feldbush, Anna C and Kalantaryardebily, Nahid and Reddy, Neha A and Faubion-Trejo, Rebecca and Soldate, Jeff and Lisinski, Jonathan and Bright, Molly G and Gurari, Netta and LaConte, Stephen M},
title = {{Tactile force evokes a biphasic BOLD response in ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex}},
journal = {Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {4},
pages = {IMAG.a.1236},
publisher = {MIT Press},
issn = {2837-6056},
doi = {10.1162/imag.a.1236},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1236},
pmid = {42180179},
pmcid = {PMC13195919}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Feldbush, Anna C
AU - Kalantaryardebily, Nahid
AU - Reddy, Neha A
AU - Faubion-Trejo, Rebecca
AU - Soldate, Jeff
AU - Lisinski, Jonathan
AU - Bright, Molly G
AU - Gurari, Netta
AU - LaConte, Stephen M
TI - Tactile force evokes a biphasic BOLD response in ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex
T2 - Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
J2 - Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/21
VL - 4
SP - IMAG.a.1236
SN - 2837-6056
PB - MIT Press
DO - 10.1162/imag.a.1236
UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1236
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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