OSCR

Neighborhood disadvantage and brain myelination: Insights from infancy to childhood.

Overview

Authors: Leela Shah1,2, Elizabeth Bond1, Elizabeth Planalp1, Marissa DiPiero1,2, Jayse Weaver1,3, Irene Quiterio Perez1,3, Kuan-Fu Chen1, Corrina Frye1, Steven Kecskemeti1, Andrew Alexander1,3,4, Douglas Dean1,3,5
ORCID iDs: Leela Shah
  1. Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
  2. Neuroscience Training Program, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
  3. Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
  4. Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
  5. Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, United States
Institutions: University of Wisconsin–Madison (United States)
Journal: Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), volume 4, article IMAG.a.1288
Dates: received 12 January 2026; accepted 5 June 2026; published online 25 June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1162/imag.a.1288 · PMID 42368744 · PMCID PMC13308800 · OpenAlex W7164036953
Open access: diamond, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code on request
Categories: human (organism)
Methods: Statistics, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: early life adversity, neighborhood disadvantage, area deprivation index, myelin, T1 relaxometry, brain development
Topic: Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications (Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32 GM140935); National Institute of Mental Health (K01 MH113710, R00 MH11056); NIGMS NIH HHS (T32 GM140935); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P50 HD105353, U54 HD090256); National Institute on Drug Abuse (R34 DA050258)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 93 references in the paper

Abstract

Early life adversity (ELA), including poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage, can negatively impact neurodevelopment and long-term health outcomes. Here, we examined associations between neighborhood-level disadvantage, indexed by the Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and white matter myelination in infants and children aged 0–10 years (n = 61 MRI acquisitions across 43 children). Quantitative MRI-derived longitudinal relaxation rates (R1) are sensitive to myelin content and were used to assess white matter development. Higher ADI national percentiles (reflecting greater neighborhood disadvantage) were associated with lower R1 in several white matter regions, including the internal capsule, corona radiata, cingulate gyrus, fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and uncinate fasciculus. Whole-brain voxel-wise analyses further supported negative associations between ADI and myelination. These findings were stronger in the infant subsample and implicate white matter pathways supporting cognitive, socioemotional, and motor functions, suggesting that early environmental disadvantage may influence neurodevelopmental trajectories. Future work should examine which components of ADI drive these associations and how resilience may buffer the effects of disadvantage.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

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Data

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Data and Code Availability

The data analyzed for this study are available upon request from the corresponding author. All scripts were created in RStudio and will be shared upon request to the corresponding author.

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Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 11 authors, 6 keywords, 5 funders, 89 references.

Cite

This paper

Shah, L., Bond, E., Planalp, E., DiPiero, M., Weaver, J., Quiterio Perez, I., Chen, K.-F., Frye, C., Kecskemeti, S., Alexander, A., & Dean, D. (2026). Neighborhood disadvantage and brain myelination: Insights from infancy to childhood. Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.), 4, IMAG.a.1288. https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1288

BibTeX

@article{shah2026neighborhood,
author = {Shah, Leela and Bond, Elizabeth and Planalp, Elizabeth and DiPiero, Marissa and Weaver, Jayse and Quiterio Perez, Irene and Chen, Kuan-Fu and Frye, Corrina and Kecskemeti, Steven and Alexander, Andrew and Dean, Douglas},
title = {{Neighborhood disadvantage and brain myelination: Insights from infancy to childhood}},
journal = {Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {4},
pages = {IMAG.a.1288},
publisher = {MIT Press},
issn = {2837-6056},
doi = {10.1162/imag.a.1288},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1288},
pmid = {42368744},
pmcid = {PMC13308800}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Shah, Leela
AU - Bond, Elizabeth
AU - Planalp, Elizabeth
AU - DiPiero, Marissa
AU - Weaver, Jayse
AU - Quiterio Perez, Irene
AU - Chen, Kuan-Fu
AU - Frye, Corrina
AU - Kecskemeti, Steven
AU - Alexander, Andrew
AU - Dean, Douglas
TI - Neighborhood disadvantage and brain myelination: Insights from infancy to childhood
T2 - Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
J2 - Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/25
VL - 4
SP - IMAG.a.1288
SN - 2837-6056
PB - MIT Press
DO - 10.1162/imag.a.1288
UR - https://doi.org/10.1162/imag.a.1288
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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