Comprehensive ceRNA Profiling Uncovers Clinically Relevant Hub lncRNAs in Glioblastoma.
The 16 matches · 6 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file, not to given lines: weak matches, whose lines are not tinted
- [1] § Methods › Data acquisition and processing ↔ 01_data_download.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.92 · Solid Tissue Normal, TCGAbiolinks, GENCODE v38, GTEx brain, gene expression, query
- [2] § Methods › Functional enrichment analysis ↔ 11_prognostic_lncRNA_analysis_correlation_biopathways.R, lines 46–87 · score 0.82 · GO BP, Entrez IDs, KEGG pathways, Biological Process, enrichment, mRNA
- [3] § Methods › Differential expression analysis ↔ 03_diff_expression.R, lines 70–138 · score 0.79 · eBayes, design matrix, limma, DEGs, fold, fitted
- [4] § Methods › Integration of experimentally validated interactions ↔ 06_process_mirtarbase_ceRNA.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.77 · miRBaseConverter, Ensembl gene IDs, miRTarBase, Mature, precursor, human
- [5] § Methods › Data normalization and filtering ↔ 03_diff_expression.R, lines 70–138 · score 0.76 · model.matrix, batch corrected, design matrix, limma, quality, Voom
- [6] § Methods › Data acquisition and processing ↔ 05_extract_gene_info.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.72 · GENCODE v38, gene annotation, external gene, Ensembl gene, rtracklayer, downloaded
- [7] § Methods › Integration of experimentally validated interactions ↔ 07_process_encori_ceRNA.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.70 · miRBaseConverter, CLIP supported, Mature, Ensembl gene, precursor, mapped
- [8] § Results › Pathway enrichment analysis using GO and KEGG databases ↔ 11_prognostic_lncRNA_analysis_correlation_biopathways.R, lines 46–87 · score 0.65 · KEGG pathway enrichment, GO biological process, matrix, mRNAs, genes
- [9] § Results › Data acquisition, normalization and quality control for downstream analysis ↔ 13_harmonizationsummary_QC.R, lines 65–119 · score 0.63 · log2 CPM, miRNAs, GTEx normal, TCGA normal, TCGA GBM, median
- [10] § Results › Expression and survival analysis of ceRNA hub lncRNAs ↔ 10_unique_lncRNAs_survivalplots.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.57 · Kaplan Meier survival, primary tumor, clinical, tumor samples, ceRNA, lncRNA
- [11] § Results › Expression and survival analysis of ceRNA hub lncRNAs ↔ 12_survivalplots_ceRNA_mRNAs.R, lines 1–40 · score 0.55 · Kaplan Meier survival, primary tumor, clinical, tumor samples, TCGA GBM, ceRNA
- [12] § Results › Differential expression analysis of genes between different databases ↔ 13_harmonizationsummary_QC.R, lines 65–119 · score 0.54 · log2 CPM, miRNAs, GTEx normal, TCGA normal, tumor samples, TCGA GBM
- [13] § Results › ceRNA triplet (lncRNA -| miRNA -> mRNA) construction ↔ 08_ceRNA_triplet_construction.R, lines 89–160 · score 0.53 · validated mRNAs, miRNAs, downregulated, triplets, upregulated, intersection
- [14] § Methods › Construction of the GBM-specific ceRNA network ↔ 08_ceRNA_triplet_construction.R, lines 89–160 · score 0.53 · miRNAs, mRNAs, downregulated, upregulated, intersected, triplets
- [15] § Methods › Survival analysis ↔ 10_unique_lncRNAs_survivalplots.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.53 · Kaplan Meier, median expression, survival, lncRNA, TCGA
- [16] § Results › Co-expression analysis between CYTOR and MIR4435-2HG in TCGA-GBM cohort ↔ 11_prognostic_lncRNA_analysis_correlation_biopathways.R, lines 184–227 · score 0.51 · HG expression, GBM tumor samples, R2, correlation, Pearson, CYTOR
Paper
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The authors' code
R · 228 lines · 7.2 KB · no license · 3 matches
- head(ceRNA_triplets)
- # Using Ensembl ID for CYTOR/MIR4435-2HG
- ceRNA_CYTOR <- ceRNA_triplets %>% filter(lncRNA == "ENSG00000222041")
- ceRNA_MIR44352HG <- ceRNA_triplets %>% filter(lncRNA == "ENSG00000172965")
- head(ceRNA_MIR44352HG)
- head(ceRNA_CYTOR)
- # Get unique mRNAs (Ensembl IDs)
- mRNAs_CYTOR <- unique(ceRNA_CYTOR$mRNA)
- mRNAs_mir44352HG <- unique(ceRNA_MIR44352HG$mRNA)
- lnc_ids <- c("ENSG00000222041", "ENSG00000172965")
- library(dplyr)
- # This makes sure you're using dplyr's select:
- all_partners <- ceRNA_triplets %>%
- filter(lncRNA %in% c("ENSG00000222041", "ENSG00000172965")) %>%
- dplyr::select(lncRNA, miRNA, mRNA) %>%
- distinct() %>%
- arrange(lncRNA, miRNA, mRNA)
- expr_cytor <- as.numeric(expr_mat["ENSG00000222041", ])
- expr_mir4435hg <- as.numeric(expr_mat["ENSG00000172965", ])
- # Pearson correlation (linear)
- cor_test <- cor.test(expr_cytor, expr_mir4435hg, method = "pearson")
- print(cor_test)
- # For non-normal data, Spearman can be used:
- # cor.test(expr_cytor, expr_mir4435hg, method = "spearman")
- library(ggplot2)
- df <- data.frame(CYTOR = expr_cytor, MIR4435_1HG = expr_mir4435hg)
- ggplot(df, aes(x = CYTOR, y = MIR4435_1HG)) +
- geom_point() +
- geom_smooth(method = "lm", se = FALSE, col = "red") +
- labs(
- x = "CYTOR (ENSG00000222041) Expression",
- y = "MIR4435-1HG (ENSG00000172965) Expression",
- title = "Correlation of lncRNA Expression (GBM Tumor Samples)"
- ) +
- theme_minimal(base_size = 14)
- # Assuming ceRNA_triplets contains your filtered results
- shared_mRNAs <- ceRNA_triplets %>%
- filter(lncRNA %in% c("ENSG00000222041", "ENSG00000172965")) %>%
- pull(mRNA) %>%
- unique()
- length(shared_mRNAs)
- head(shared_mRNAs)
- library(clusterProfiler)
- library(org.Hs.eg.db)
- # Convert Ensembl IDs to Entrez IDs
- entrez_ids <- mapIds(org.Hs.eg.db, keys=shared_mRNAs, column="ENTREZID", keytype="ENSEMBL", multiVals="first")
- entrez_ids <- na.omit(entrez_ids)
- # KEGG pathway enrichment
- kegg_res <- enrichKEGG(gene=entrez_ids, organism="hsa", pvalueCutoff=0.05)
- head(kegg_res)
- mrna_annot <- gene_info %>%
- filter(ensembl_gene_id %in% shared_mRNAs, gene_biotype == "protein_coding")
- gene_symbols <- mrna_annot$external_gene_name
- print(gene_symbols)
- # GO Biological Process
- go_bp <- enrichGO(gene=entrez_ids, OrgDb=org.Hs.eg.db, ont="BP", pAdjustMethod="BH", pvalueCutoff=0.05, readable=TRUE)
- head(go_bp)
- head(gene_info)
- library(clusterProfiler)
- gene_symbols <- mRNA_annot$external_gene_name
- gene_desc <- bitr(gene_symbols, fromType="SYMBOL", toType=c("GENENAME"), OrgDb="org.Hs.eg.db")
- head(gene_desc)
- # Set Ensembl IDs
- cytor_id <- "ENSG00000222041"
- mir4435hg_id <- "ENSG00000172965"
- # --------- Correlation Plot: CYTOR vs MIR4435-2HG ---------
- # Required: expr_mat (normalized matrix, Ensembl IDs as rownames)
- library(ggplot2)
- library(tibble)
- # 1. Set Ensembl IDs
- cytor_id <- "ENSG00000222041"
- mir4435hg_id <- "ENSG00000172965"
- # 2. Extract expression values (all samples or tumor subset as needed)
- expr_cytor <- expr_mat[cytor_id, ]
- expr_mir4435hg <- expr_mat[mir4435hg_id, ]
- # 3. Build a data frame
- df_corr <- tibble(
- CYTOR = as.numeric(expr_cytor),
- MIR4435_2HG = as.numeric(expr_mir4435hg)
- )
- # 4. Pearson correlation test
- cor_test <- cor.test(df_corr$CYTOR, df_corr$MIR4435_2HG, method = "pearson")
- cor_val <- round(cor_test$estimate, 3)
- p_lab <- ifelse(cor_test$p.value < 2e-16, "p < 2e-16", paste0("p = ", signif(cor_test$p.value, 3)))
- # 5. Plot with ggplot2
- p <- ggplot(df_corr, aes(x = CYTOR, y = MIR4435_2HG)) +
- geom_point(color = "#3182bd", alpha = 0.7, size = 2) +
- geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "#e6550d", fill = "#e6550d", alpha = 0.2) +
- theme_bw(base_size = 15) +
- labs(
- x = "CYTOR expression (logCPM, normalized)",
- y = "MIR4435-2HG expression (logCPM, normalized)",
- title = "Correlation between CYTOR and MIR4435-2HG expression"
- ) +
- annotate(
- "text",
- x = min(df_corr$CYTOR, na.rm = TRUE),
- y = max(df_corr$MIR4435_2HG, na.rm = TRUE),
- hjust = 0, vjust = 1,
- label = paste0("Pearson's r = ", cor_val, "\n", p_lab),
- size = 5,
- color = "black"
- )
- # 6. Save and show plot
- ggsave("correlation_CYTOR_MIR44352HG.pdf", p, width = 6, height = 5)
- print(p)
- length(unique(ceRNA_triplets$mRNA))
- # --- Correlation: CYTOR vs MIR4435-2HG in GBM Tumors ---
- # Ensembl IDs
- cytor_id <- "ENSG00000222041"
- mir4435hg_id <- "ENSG00000172965"
- # Check both genes exist
- if (!(cytor_id %in% rownames(expr_mat)) | !(mir4435hg_id %in% rownames(expr_mat))) {
- stop("One or both lncRNAs not found in expression matrix.")
- }
- # Expression in tumor samples (already subset to tumor columns via expr_mat_tumor)
- expr_cytor <- expr_mat[cytor_id, tumor_samples]
- expr_mir4435hg <- expr_mat[mir4435hg_id, tumor_samples]
- # Correlation test (Pearson)
- cor_test <- cor.test(expr_cytor, expr_mir4435hg, method = "pearson")
- cat("Pearson correlation between CYTOR and MIR4435-2HG:\n")
- print(cor_test)
- # Create plot
- library(ggplot2)
- library(tibble)
- df_corr <- tibble(
- CYTOR = as.numeric(expr_cytor),
- MIR4435_2HG = as.numeric(expr_mir4435hg)
- )
- p_corr <- ggplot(df_corr, aes(x = CYTOR, y = MIR4435_2HG)) +
- geom_point(color = "#2c7fb8", alpha = 0.7, size = 2) +
- geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "#d95f0e", se = FALSE) +
- theme_bw(base_size = 14) +
- labs(
- title = "CYTOR vs MIR4435-2HG in GBM Tumor Samples",
- x = "CYTOR expression (logCPM)",
- y = "MIR4435-2HG expression (logCPM)"
- ) +
- annotate("text",
- x = min(df_corr$CYTOR, na.rm = TRUE),
- y = max(df_corr$MIR4435_2HG, na.rm = TRUE),
- label = paste0("r = ", round(cor_test$estimate, 3), "\n",
- "p = ", signif(cor_test$p.value, 3)),
- hjust = 0, vjust = 1,
- size = 5)
- ggsave("correlation_CYTOR_vs_MIR4435-2HG.pdf", plot = p_corr, width = 6, height = 5)
- # --- Correlation: CYTOR vs MIR4435-2HG in GBM Tumors (with R²) ---
- cytor_id <- "ENSG00000222041"
- mir4435hg_id <- "ENSG00000172965"
- if (!(cytor_id %in% rownames(expr_mat)) | !(mir4435hg_id %in% rownames(expr_mat))) {
- stop("One or both lncRNAs not found in expression matrix.")
- }
- expr_cytor <- expr_mat[cytor_id, tumor_samples]
- expr_mir4435hg <- expr_mat[mir4435hg_id, tumor_samples]
- cor_test <- cor.test(expr_cytor, expr_mir4435hg, method = "pearson")
- r_val <- round(as.numeric(cor_test$estimate), 3)
- r2_val <- round(r_val^2, 3) # Calculate R²
- p_lab <- ifelse(cor_test$p.value < 2e-16, "p < 2e-16", paste0("p = ", signif(cor_test$p.value, 3)))
- df_corr <- tibble(
- CYTOR = as.numeric(expr_cytor),
- MIR4435_2HG = as.numeric(expr_mir4435hg)
- )
- # Create annotation label
- corr_label <- paste0("r = ", r_val,
- "\nR² = ", r2_val,
- "\n", p_lab)
- p_corr <- ggplot(df_corr, aes(x = CYTOR, y = MIR4435_2HG)) +
- geom_point(color = "#2c7fb8", alpha = 0.7, size = 2) +
- geom_smooth(method = "lm", color = "#d95f0e", se = FALSE) +
- theme_bw(base_size = 14) +
- labs(
- title = "CYTOR vs MIR4435-2HG in GBM Tumor Samples",
- x = "CYTOR expression (logCPM)",
- y = "MIR4435-2HG expression (logCPM)"
- ) +
- annotate("text",
- x = min(df_corr$CYTOR, na.rm = TRUE),
- y = max(df_corr$MIR4435_2HG, na.rm = TRUE),
- label = corr_label,
- hjust = 0, vjust = 1,
- size = 5)
- ggsave("correlation_CYTOR_vs_MIR4435-2HG.pdf", plot = p_corr, width = 6, height = 5)
11_prognostic_lncRNA_analysis_correlation_biopathways.R at commit a2348ad, no license · at the source
Overview
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that rewire post-transcriptional regulation in glioblastoma (GBM). Previous GBM studies have focused on either single lncRNA ceRNA axis in isolation or used in silico predictions with small patient cohorts (< 200). In this study, we integrated RNA-seq data from 372 TCGA-GBM tumors, 5 matched adjacent TCGA-normal brain and 2 931 GTEx-normal brain (n = 3 308) samples to build an experimentally informed ceRNA atlas. Limma-voom differential analysis, intersection with 2 experimentally supported interaction databases (ENCORI and miRTarBase) distilled 517 high-confidence lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA triplets. Twelve hub lncRNAs coordinated 3 downregulated miRNAs and 262 target mRNAs enriched for cell-cycle, p53 signaling and homologous recombination pathways. Two co-expressed hubs, CYTOR and MIR4435-2HG, were significantly over-expressed in GBM tumors in comparison with normal brain tissue and independently predicted poor overall survival (log-rank P < .01). Their shared 25 targets include oncogenic YBX1, MDM4 and TGFBR1 mRNAs, underscoring the redundant regulation of oncogenic pathways, suggesting the need to explore combination lncRNA inhibition strategies. This population-scale analysis prioritizes CYTOR and MIR4435-2HG for functional interrogation and offers a framework for exploring biomarkers and RNA-targeted strategies in GBM.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY-NC), from the paper cited above.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 16 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
zz153/braincancer-ceRNA-network
a2348adc9183da2939c26260a040e35245377122, 28 April 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 29 September 2026: the link answers
- 29 September 2026: the link answers
14 files
- 01_data_download.R, R, 78 lines, 1 match
- 02_datapreprocessing.R, R, 71 lines
- 03_diff_expression.R, R, 245 lines, 2 matches
- 04_download_interaction_
datasets.sh , Shell, 11 lines - 05_extract_gene_info.R, R, 43 lines, 1 match
- 06_process_mirtarbase_ce
RNA.R , R, 76 lines, 1 match - 07_process_encori_ceRNA.
R , R, 73 lines, 1 match - 08_ceRNA_triplet_constru
ction.R , R, 167 lines, 2 matches - 09_unique_lncRNAs_expres
sionplots.R , R, 163 lines - 10_unique_lncRNAs_surviv
alplots.R , R, 79 lines, 2 matches - 11_prognostic_lncRNA_ana
lysis_correlation_biopat , R, 228 lines, 3 matcheshways.R - 12_survivalplots_ceRNA_m
RNAs.R , R, 105 lines, 1 match - 13_harmonizationsummary_
QC.R , R, 287 lines, 2 matches - README.md, Text, 80 lines
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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 2 authors, 5 keywords, 58 references.
Cite
This paper
Rana, Z., & Grans, J. (2026). Comprehensive ceRNA Profiling Uncovers Clinically Relevant Hub lncRNAs in Glioblastoma. Bioinformatics and biology insights, 20, 11779322251411169. https://
BibTeX
@article{rana2026compreh
author = {Rana, Zohaib and Grans, Joke},
title = {{Comprehensive ceRNA Profiling Uncovers Clinically Relevant Hub lncRNAs in Glioblastoma}},
journal = {Bioinformatics and biology insights},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {20},
pages = {11779322251411169},
publisher = {SAGE Publications},
issn = {1177-9322},
doi = {10.1177/
url = {https://
pmid = {41978797},
pmcid = {PMC13070187}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Rana, Zohaib
AU - Grans, Joke
TI - Comprehensive ceRNA Profiling Uncovers Clinically Relevant Hub lncRNAs in Glioblastoma
T2 - Bioinformatics and biology insights
J2 - Bioinform Biol Insights
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 20
SP - 11779322251411169
SN - 1177-9322
PB - SAGE Publications
DO - 10.1177/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1177/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Comprehensive ceRNA Profiling Uncovers Clinically Relevant Hub lncRNAs in Glioblastoma",
"container-title": "Bioinformatics and biology insights",
"author": [
{
"family": "Rana",
"given": "Zohaib"
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"given": "Joke"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "20",
"page": "11779322251411169",
"DOI": "10.1177/
"PMID": "41978797",
"PMCID": "PMC13070187",
"ISSN": "1177-9322",
"publisher": "SAGE Publications",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
4,
9
]
]
}
}
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