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Exploration of the structural diversity and distribution pattern of gangliosides and sulfatides in mouse brain tissues and biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease.

Overview

Authors: Ming-yang Liu1,2, Juan Wang1,2, Xiong-yu Meng3, Jia-ru Liu1,2, Xiao-jun Yao4, Yu-wei Wang5, Lee-fong Yau6, An-ran Sun1,2, Jia-ning Mi1,2, Liang Liu1,2, Wen-Jing Ren1,2, Yue Kang7, Jing-rong Wang1,2
  1. The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory,Guangzhou, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou, China
  3. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou, China
  4. Centre for Artificial Intelligence Driven Drug Discovery, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University,Macao, China
  5. College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Xianyang, China
  6. Macau University of Science and Technology,Macau, China
  7. College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing, China
Journal: Lipids in health and disease, volume 25, issue 1, article 123
Dates: received 29 July 2025; accepted 2 March 2026; published online 25 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1186/s12944-026-02918-1 · PMID 41877091 · PMCID PMC13137580 · OpenAlex W7140181528
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Categories: mouse (organism), Parkinson's (population), clinical / translational (subfield)
Methods: Statistics, Machine learning, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions
Keywords: Acidic glycosphingolipids, Gangliosides, Sulfoglycosphingolipids, Parkinson Disease, UHPLC-Q-TOF MS
MeSH: Brain*, Gangliosides*, Parkinson Disease*, Sulfoglycosphingolipids*, Animals, Biomarkers, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Tandem Mass Spectrometry (* major topic)
Topic: Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research (Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Provincial Government–Enterprise Joint Fund) (2022A1515220191); Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory (HQL2024PZ001); State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome (SKLKY2025C0009); National Natural Science Foundation of China (82304497)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 71 references in the paper

Abstract

Background: Acidic glycosphingolipids (GSLs), including gangliosides (GAs) and sulfatides (STs), play key roles in intercellular signalling and neurodegenerative diseases. However, their comprehensive characterization remains challenging because of structural complexity, abundance variation, and interference from isomers and isotopes. This study aimed to systematically profile GAs and STs in mouse brain tissues and explore their potential as biomarkers in a Parkinson’s disease (PD) model.

Methods: Prefractionation in combination with UHPLC-Q-TOF MS was employed for high-resolution MS and MS/MS analysis of acidic GSLs. Quantitative structure–retention relationship (QSRR) models were constructed from identified structures and retention times (RTs) to predict RTs and provide complementary support for MS/MS-based annotation. Dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) on UHPLC-QQQ MS was applied to quantify GSLs, followed by a comparative analysis of PD and control mouse brain tissues.

Results: A total of 220 acidic GSLs were characterized, including 173 GAs (21 subclasses) and 47 STs (3 subclasses), representing the most extensive profile reported from mouse brain tissues, among which 75 GAs and 29 STs are, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, newly reported here. The QSRR model provided retention time predictions supporting the tentative annotation of eight rare acidic GSLs with insufficient MS/MS data. Among the identified species, Monosialogangliosides (GM) were the most abundant subclass, with GM1 and GM3 predominant. GD1a was the major disialoganglioside (GD) species, and the trisialoganglioside (GT), tetrasialoganglioside (GQ), and pentasialoganglioside (GP) subclasses were identified as GT1b, GQ1b, and GP1c, respectively. The STs were mainly of the SulfoHex type. O-acetylation was frequent in GQ species, while fucosylation and GalNAc attachment were primarily associated with GM and GD species. The sphingoid bases were mainly d18:0, d18:1, d20:0, and d20:1, while the N-acyl chains spanned C16:0–C24:0. For quantification, a method covering 17 subclasses enabled the simultaneous measurement of 89 GAs and 27 STs, representing the broadest quantification coverage in PD mouse brain studies to date. Further analysis revealed significant alterations in 20 GAs and 7 STs in PD, with GQ1b reported for the first time as a potential PD-related biomarker, and pathway analysis indicated disruption of b-series GA biosynthesis.

Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive profile of acidic GSLs in mouse brain tissues and reveals GQ alterations with pathway disruptions in PD, offering molecular evidence linking acidic GSL metabolism to this disease.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12944-026-02918-1.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

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Data

Datasets cited

Data availability

The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 13 authors, 5 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 70 references.

Cite

This paper

Liu, M.-y., Wang, J., Meng, X.-y., Liu, J.-r., Yao, X.-j., Wang, Y.-w., Yau, L.-f., Sun, A.-r., Mi, J.-n., Liu, L., Ren, W.-J., Kang, Y., & Wang, J.-r. (2026). Exploration of the structural diversity and distribution pattern of gangliosides and sulfatides in mouse brain tissues and biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. Lipids in health and disease, 25(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-026-02918-1

BibTeX

@article{liu2026exploration,
author = {Liu, Ming-yang and Wang, Juan and Meng, Xiong-yu and Liu, Jia-ru and Yao, Xiao-jun and Wang, Yu-wei and Yau, Lee-fong and Sun, An-ran and Mi, Jia-ning and Liu, Liang and Ren, Wen-Jing and Kang, Yue and Wang, Jing-rong},
title = {{Exploration of the structural diversity and distribution pattern of gangliosides and sulfatides in mouse brain tissues and biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease}},
journal = {Lipids in health and disease},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {123},
publisher = {BMC},
issn = {1476-511X},
doi = {10.1186/s12944-026-02918-1},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-026-02918-1},
pmid = {41877091},
pmcid = {PMC13137580}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Liu, Ming-yang
AU - Wang, Juan
AU - Meng, Xiong-yu
AU - Liu, Jia-ru
AU - Yao, Xiao-jun
AU - Wang, Yu-wei
AU - Yau, Lee-fong
AU - Sun, An-ran
AU - Mi, Jia-ning
AU - Liu, Liang
AU - Ren, Wen-Jing
AU - Kang, Yue
AU - Wang, Jing-rong
TI - Exploration of the structural diversity and distribution pattern of gangliosides and sulfatides in mouse brain tissues and biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease
T2 - Lipids in health and disease
J2 - Lipids Health Dis
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/25
VL - 25
IS - 1
SP - 123
SN - 1476-511X
PB - BMC
DO - 10.1186/s12944-026-02918-1
UR - https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-026-02918-1
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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