OSCR

Human neuronal firing varies with the frequency of local field potential oscillations.

Code ↔ Paper

1 match between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 1 match · it ties a paragraph to a whole file without given lines: a weak match, whose lines are not tinted
  1. [1] § Methods › Signal preprocessing and rejection of epileptic activity ↔ LFP_preprocessing/Find_Epileptic_signal.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.84 · epileptogenic signals, 25–80 Hz, low pass filter, envelope, unfiltered, artifactual · Report a mismatch

Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser; OSCR does not store it: doi.org · Europe PMC

The paper is loaded when this pane is shown.

The authors' code

MATLAB · 94 lines · 2.7 KB · CC-BY-4.0 · 1 match

  1. function [bad_data,bad_percent ] = Find_Epileptic_signal(signal,params )
  2. %identifies portions of signal that show epilepsy-related artifuct
  3. %inputs: signal is raw signal (usually LFP)
  4. %inputs: srate is sampling rate in Hz
  5. %outputs bad_data, a boolean indicating badness(==1) at each sample
  6. %outputs bad_percent, percent of signal that was detected as bad
  7. %based on the methods described by Aghajan Ambulatory Theta preprint
  8. %also based on Gelinas....Buzsaki 2016 Nature Comms paper
  9. srate = params.srate;
  10. unfilt_sd_thresh = params.bad_unfiltered_stdev_thresh; %5 by default
  11. filt_sd_thresh = params.bad_filtered_stdev_thresh; %6 by default from aghajan
  12. %mean center signal
  13. signal = signal-nanmean(signal);
  14. %Nov 6
  15. %low pass filter signal first to get rid of any possible spike artificats
  16. %these very brief spike artifacts threw off the algorithm and detected all
  17. %spikes as bad events in some cases!
  18. %[signal] = buttfilt(signal,[100],srate,'low',4);
  19. [signal] = buttfilt(signal,[80],srate,'low',4);
  20. %filter signal 25-80Hz
  21. [filter_signal] = buttfilt(signal,[25 80],srate,'stop',4);
  22. %add 10/31
  23. filter_signal = filter_signal-nanmean(filter_signal);
  24. %get envelope of signal and filter signal
  25. hilb_sig = hilbert(signal);
  26. signal_envelope = abs(hilb_sig);
  27. hilb_filt = hilbert(filter_signal);
  28. filt_envelope = abs(hilb_filt);
  29. %
  30. % %trust but verify
  31. % figure;plot(filter_signal(1:2000));
  32. % hold on;
  33. % plot(filt_envelope(1:2000),'r')
  34. crit_unfilt = std(signal_envelope)*unfilt_sd_thresh;
  35. crit_filt = std(filt_envelope)*filt_sd_thresh;
  36. bad_unfilt = find(signal_envelope>crit_unfilt);
  37. bad_filt = find(filt_envelope>crit_filt);
  38. %output a binary vector of badness
  39. bad_data = zeros(1,length(signal));
  40. bad_data(bad_unfilt)=1;
  41. bad_data(bad_filt)=1;
  42. %also throw out very small gaps in bad data by finding these little "good"
  43. %windows between bad windows and making sure they are at least one second
  44. %long.
  45. %if they aren't at least a second, mark em bad
  46. good_windows = bwlabel(~bad_data);
  47. un_win = unique(good_windows);
  48. for oG = 2:length(un_win); %start at 2 b/c 0 is first value
  49. good_win_idx = find(good_windows==un_win(oG));
  50. good_win_length(oG) =sum(good_windows==un_win(oG));
  51. if good_win_length(oG)<srate; %if its not at least one second of good data, make it a bad window
  52. bad_data(good_win_idx) = 1;
  53. end
  54. end
  55. bad_percent = (sum(bad_data)./length(signal)).*100;
  56. %
  57. % %wanna visualize what got caught?
  58. % bad_win = bwlabel(bad_data);
  59. % unbad = unique(bad_win);
  60. % figure;
  61. % for iBad = 2:17%length(unbad)
  62. % subplot(4,4,iBad-1)
  63. % bad_idx = find(bad_win==unbad(iBad));
  64. % badd = bad_idx(1)-srate/2:bad_idx(end)+srate/2;
  65. % [ax]=plotyy(1:length(badd),signal(badd),1:length(badd),bad_data(badd))
  66. % xlim(ax(1),[1 length(badd)])
  67. % xlim(ax(2),[1 length(badd)])
  68. %
  69. % end

Find_Epileptic_signal.m, under CC-BY-4.0 · at the source

Overview

Authors: Zahra Jourahmad1, Raissa K Mathura1, Layth S Mattar1, Melissa C Franch1, Danika L Paulo1, Mohammed Hasen1,2, Nicole R Provenza1,3,4,5, Benjamin Y Hayden1,3,4,5, Sameer A Sheth1,3,4,5, Eleonora Bartoli1,3, Andrew J Watrous1,3
ORCID iDs: Eleonora Bartoli
  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
  2. Department of Neurosurgery, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
  4. Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
  5. NEI, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
Institutions: Baylor College of Medicine (United States); Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Saudi Arabia); Rice University (United States)
Journal: PLoS biology, volume 24, issue 6, article e3003818
Dates: received 3 September 2025; accepted 8 May 2026; published online 23 June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818 · PMID 42335005 · PMCID PMC13289887 · OpenAlex W7165660636
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: extracellular electrophysiology (units, LFP) (modality), human (organism), systems (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Preprocessing, Machine learning, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging
MeSH: Action Potentials*, Neurons*, Adult, Brain, Entorhinal Cortex, Female, Hippocampus, Humans, Local Field Potential Measurement, Male (* major topic)
Topic: Neural dynamics and brain function (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Mary Cain Pediatric Neurology Research Foundation; Robert and Janice McNair Foundation; Baylor College of Medicine (FY2026 bcm junior faculty seed award); National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U01NS121472)
Citations: cited by 3 papers (Europe PMC); 67 references in the paper
Notices: A comment on this paper has been published (42341244, from Europe PMC)

Abstract

Neural oscillations play a critical role in shaping neuronal firing patterns. While phase-locked neuronal firing (“phase tuning”) has been extensively studied in animal models and human invasive recordings, much less is known about whether neurons show preferential firing at specific oscillatory frequencies, termed frequency tuning. Here, we employ human intracranial recordings across several brain regions including hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex, and orbitofrontal cortex to test the hypothesis that neurons exhibit frequency-specific firing. We analyzed 357 single units recorded simultaneously with local field potentials in 19 neurosurgical patients during awake resting. We estimated the instantaneous frequency of the LFP using adaptive spectral decomposition and assessed frequency tuning of each neuron while controlling for changes in firing rate unrelated to frequency changes. We found 27% of neurons exhibited increased or decreased firing within specific frequencies, most commonly within the low-frequency range (<10 Hz). Neurons exhibiting frequency tuning were distinct from those displaying phase tuning, and both types of tuning were observed across multiple brain regions with no anatomical preference. Together, our results demonstrate that the instantaneous frequency of neural oscillations modulates neuronal firing which may serve as an additional mechanism for information processing in the human brain, opening new avenues for frequency-targeted neural stimulation.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 1 match between paragraphs and lines of code.

Zenodo 19860065

License: CC-BY-4.0
State: the link answers, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Languages: MATLAB (4)
Size: 12 files, 4 scripts
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data Availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: FreeSurfer (110 files), Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox (36 files), Signal Processing Toolbox (22 files), Image Processing Toolbox (7 files), FSL (6 files), CircStat (2 files), EEGLAB (2 files), Optimization Toolbox (2 files), Tools for NIfTI and ANALYZE image (MATLAB) (2 files), SPM (2 files)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
2,005 files

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 2,004 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 1 match between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability

The minimal data set and accompanying code is available at Zenodo via https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19860065. Raw data containing personal identifiers can be accessed only by researches who meet the criteria for access to the confidential data as regulated by the relevant Baylor College of Medicine IRB (H-18112).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 11 authors, 10 MeSH terms, 4 funders, 66 references, 1 integrity notice.

Cite

This paper

Jourahmad, Z., Mathura, R. K., Mattar, L. S., Franch, M. C., Paulo, D. L., Hasen, M., Provenza, N. R., Hayden, B. Y., Sheth, S. A., Bartoli, E., & Watrous, A. J. (2026). Human neuronal firing varies with the frequency of local field potential oscillations. PLoS biology, 24(6), e3003818. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818

BibTeX

@article{jourahmad2026human,
author = {Jourahmad, Zahra and Mathura, Raissa K and Mattar, Layth S and Franch, Melissa C and Paulo, Danika L and Hasen, Mohammed and Provenza, Nicole R and Hayden, Benjamin Y and Sheth, Sameer A and Bartoli, Eleonora and Watrous, Andrew J},
title = {{Human neuronal firing varies with the frequency of local field potential oscillations}},
journal = {PLoS biology},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {24},
number = {6},
pages = {e3003818},
publisher = {PLOS},
issn = {1544-9173},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818},
pmid = {42335005},
pmcid = {PMC13289887}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Jourahmad, Zahra
AU - Mathura, Raissa K
AU - Mattar, Layth S
AU - Franch, Melissa C
AU - Paulo, Danika L
AU - Hasen, Mohammed
AU - Provenza, Nicole R
AU - Hayden, Benjamin Y
AU - Sheth, Sameer A
AU - Bartoli, Eleonora
AU - Watrous, Andrew J
TI - Human neuronal firing varies with the frequency of local field potential oscillations
T2 - PLoS biology
J2 - PLoS Biol
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/23
VL - 24
IS - 6
SP - e3003818
SN - 1544-9173
PB - PLOS
DO - 10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818
UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Human neuronal firing varies with the frequency of local field potential oscillations",
"container-title": "PLoS biology",
"author": [
{
"family": "Jourahmad",
"given": "Zahra"
},
{
"family": "Mathura",
"given": "Raissa K"
},
{
"family": "Mattar",
"given": "Layth S"
},
{
"family": "Franch",
"given": "Melissa C"
},
{
"family": "Paulo",
"given": "Danika L"
},
{
"family": "Hasen",
"given": "Mohammed"
},
{
"family": "Provenza",
"given": "Nicole R"
},
{
"family": "Hayden",
"given": "Benjamin Y"
},
{
"family": "Sheth",
"given": "Sameer A"
},
{
"family": "Bartoli",
"given": "Eleonora"
},
{
"family": "Watrous",
"given": "Andrew J"
}
],
"container-title-short": "PLoS Biol",
"volume": "24",
"issue": "6",
"page": "e3003818",
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818",
"PMID": "42335005",
"PMCID": "PMC13289887",
"ISSN": "1544-9173",
"publisher": "PLOS",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
6,
23
]
]
}
}

The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

Similar papers

The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.

[1] doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62553-9 [code]
Theta-phase locking of single neurons during human spatial memory.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: CircStat, Image Processing Toolbox, Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox, 18 references
[2] doi:10.7554/elife.86548 [code]
Theta- and gamma-band oscillatory uncoupling in the macaque hippocampus.
Journal: eLife
In common: CircStat, EEGLAB, Optimization Toolbox, 3 other tools, 11 references
[3] doi:10.7554/elife.85753 [code]
MTL neurons phase-lock to human hippocampal theta.
Journal: eLife
In common: CircStat, extracellular electrophysiology (units, LFP), systems, 14 references
[4] doi:10.7554/elife.91605 [code]
Novel cyclic homogeneous oscillation detection method for high accuracy and specific characterization of neural dynamics.
Journal: eLife
In common: Tools for NIfTI and ANALYZE image (MATLAB), EEGLAB, Optimization Toolbox, 5 other tools, systems, 5 references
[5] doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33536-x [code]
A consensus statement on detection of hippocampal sharp wave ripples and differentiation from other fast oscillations.
Journal: Nature communications
In common: CircStat, EEGLAB, Optimization Toolbox, 3 other tools, systems, 5 references
[6] doi:10.7554/elife.90387 [code]
Precise spatial tuning of visually driven alpha oscillations in human visual cortex.
Journal: eLife
In common: CircStat, EEGLAB, Optimization Toolbox, 5 other tools, systems, 3 references
[7] doi:10.1073/pnas.2302676120 [code]
Interictal epileptiform discharges affect memory in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.
Journal: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
In common: CircStat, EEGLAB, Optimization Toolbox, 3 other tools, extracellular electrophysiology (units, LFP), 4 references
[8] doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01983-9 [code]
Theta phase precession supports memory formation and retrieval of naturalistic experience in humans.
Journal: Nature human behaviour
In common: Signal Processing Toolbox, 9 references
[9] doi:10.7554/elife.78109 [code]
Oscillations support short latency co-firing of neurons during human episodic memory formation.
Journal: eLife
In common: CircStat, Tools for NIfTI and ANALYZE image (MATLAB), Signal Processing Toolbox, 2 other tools, extracellular electrophysiology (units, LFP), 4 references
[10] doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2026.117646 [code]
Medial entorhinal-hippocampal desynchronization parallels the emergence of memory impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease pathology.
Journal: Cell reports
In common: CircStat, EEGLAB, Optimization Toolbox, 3 other tools, systems, 3 references

Contribute

The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.

Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.

Add the badge to the code's README

OSCR: the badge of this paper

If you are an author or a maintainer of this paper's code, you can add this badge. It says what OSCR knows of the paper (its code, its validated tracing map) and links the code to this page. Paste one of these snippets under the README's title. Keep the two marks around it, so that the badge can be replaced in place and is never added twice. OSCR changes nothing in your repository.

Markdown
<!-- oscr-badge:start -->
[![OSCR](https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818.svg)](https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818)
<!-- oscr-badge:end -->
reStructuredText
.. oscr-badge:start

.. image:: https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818.svg
   :target: https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818
   :alt: OSCR

.. oscr-badge:end
HTML
<!-- oscr-badge:start -->
<a href="https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818"><img src="https://openscicode.org/badge/doi/10.1371/journal.pbio.3003818.svg" alt="OSCR"></a>
<!-- oscr-badge:end -->

If you choose to, you can have the badge kept up to date for you, with oscr badge --write from the command line or with the GitHub Action in your repository's workflows. Every other form and option (a card, AsciiDoc, LaTeX, shields.io) is on the badge page.

Request its removal

To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).

Discussion, reproductions, activity

Discussion: code errors and mismatches between the code and the paper about this paper and its code, from readers and its authors, beside the paper and its tracing map.

Report a mismatch between the code and the paper · Report a code error (signed in)

Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code and did not get the paper's result, what they ran, with which environment, commit and data.

Report a reproduction failure (signed in)

Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.