Day-night variation and age-related differences in gadolinium-based contrast media enhancement in the brain: A T1 mapping study.
Overview
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi‐do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Abstract
The glymphatic system clears metabolic waste from the brain and can be probed using contrast-enhanced MRI. We investigated whether early-phase gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) uptake varies with time of day and age. In this retrospective study, 447 patients who underwent brain MRI for suspected movement disorders received pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping a median of 5.9 minutes after GBCA injection. Scans were categorized as daytime (n = 307) or nighttime (n = 140). Regional ΔT1 values were measured in the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, white matter, basal ganglia perivascular spaces, and choroid plexus. Daytime cohorts showed significantly greater cortical enhancement than nighttime cohorts, particularly in the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, while no differences were observed in white matter, perivascular spaces, or choroid plexus. Increasing age was independently associated with stronger cortical enhancement across both day and night scans, with no significant interaction between age and time. These findings suggest that cortical GBCA retention is influenced by both circadian timing and aging, supporting early-phase T1 mapping as a practical approach to evaluate human glymphatic function.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Code
The paper links to its data, not to its authors' code: see the Data section.
Tracing map
A tracing map links a paper to the code its authors published: this paper has none, so it has no map.
Data
Datasets cited
- figshare:31322251 — at figshare; found in “Data Availability”
Data Availability
The minimal de-identified dataset underlying the findings of this study is publicly available in figshare at: https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 18 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 39 references.
Cite
This paper
Lee, D., Choi, Y., Jeong, E., Nam, Y., Jo, S., Chung, S. J., & Kim, H.-S. (2026). Day-night variation and age-related differences in gadolinium-based contrast media enhancement in the brain: A T1 mapping study. PloS one, 21(4), e0346730. https://
BibTeX
@article{lee2026day,
author = {Lee, Dongjun and Choi, Yangsean and Jeong, Eunseon and Nam, Yoonho and Jo, Sungyang and Chung, Sun Ju and Kim, Ho-Sung},
title = {{Day-night variation and age-related differences in gadolinium-based contrast media enhancement in the brain: A T1 mapping study}},
journal = {PloS one},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e0346730},
publisher = {PLOS},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/
url = {https://
pmid = {41955227},
pmcid = {PMC13065030}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Lee, Dongjun
AU - Choi, Yangsean
AU - Jeong, Eunseon
AU - Nam, Yoonho
AU - Jo, Sungyang
AU - Chung, Sun Ju
AU - Kim, Ho-Sung
TI - Day-night variation and age-related differences in gadolinium-based contrast media enhancement in the brain: A T1 mapping study
T2 - PloS one
J2 - PLoS One
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 21
IS - 4
SP - e0346730
SN - 1932-6203
PB - PLOS
DO - 10.1371/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1371/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Day-night variation and age-related differences in gadolinium-based contrast media enhancement in the brain: A T1 mapping study",
"container-title": "PloS one",
"author": [
{
"family": "Lee",
"given": "Dongjun"
},
{
"family": "Choi",
"given": "Yangsean"
},
{
"family": "Jeong",
"given": "Eunseon"
},
{
"family": "Nam",
"given": "Yoonho"
},
{
"family": "Jo",
"given": "Sungyang"
},
{
"family": "Chung",
"given": "Sun Ju"
},
{
"family": "Kim",
"given": "Ho-Sung"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "21",
"issue": "4",
"page": "e0346730",
"DOI": "10.1371/
"PMID": "41955227",
"PMCID": "PMC13065030",
"ISSN": "1932-6203",
"publisher": "PLOS",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
4,
9
]
]
}
}
Similar papers
The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.
- [1] doi:10.1002/jev2.70347
- Lymphatic Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Lymph Node Seeker 64Cu-Labeled Gram-Negative Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles With Positron Emission Tomography (PET).Journal: Journal of extracellular vesiclesIn common: 7 references
- [2] doi:10.3348/kjr.2026.0103 [code]
- Deep Learning-Based Automated Detection and Burden Assessment of Paramagnetic Rim Lesions on Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis.Journal: Korean journal of radiologyIn common: structural MRI / diffusion, clinical / translational, 2 references, author Yangsean Choi
- [3] doi:10.2147/nss.s618511
- Associations Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Macro-Scale Glymphatic Coupling, and Episodic Memory Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.Journal: Nature and science of sleepIn common: 6 references
- [4] doi:10.1177/0271678x261455452 [code]
- Meningeal CSF transport varies across parasagittal dura subregions with age in humans.Journal: Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and MetabolismIn common: structural MRI / diffusion, 5 references
- [5] doi:10.1186/s12888-026-08304-6
- Transcranial direct current stimulation improves reduced global BOLD-CSF coupling in patients with insomnia disorder and comorbid anxiety: a resting-state functional MRI study.Journal: BMC psychiatryIn common: clinical / translational, 5 references
- [6] doi:10.1038/s41593-026-02358-1 [code]
- Cerebral venous blood flow regulates intracerebral pressure and brain clearance via meningeal lymphatic vessels.Journal: Nature neuroscienceIn common: structural MRI / diffusion, 4 references
- [7] doi:10.1007/s00234-026-03993-y [code]
- A comprehensive framework for automated segmentation of perivascular spaces in brain MRI with the nnU-Net.Journal: NeuroradiologyIn common: structural MRI / diffusion, 5 references
- [8] doi:10.1002/mrm.70514 [code]
- Brain Clearance of Contrast Agent in Intravenous DCE-MRI Is Measurable and Cannot Be Explained by Clearance Across the BBB Alone.Journal: Magnetic resonance in medicineIn common: structural MRI / diffusion, 4 references
- [9] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-71835-9
- In vivo imaging of central nervous system fluid spaces using synchrotron radiation-based micro computed tomography.Journal: Nature communicationsIn common: 4 references
- [10] doi:10.1162/imag.a.1366 [code]
- MICAFlow: Fast and robust MRI preprocessing bridging research neuroimaging and clinical practice.Journal: Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)In common: structural MRI / diffusion, 4 references
Contribute
The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.
Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.
Claim this paper
Correct its record
Say what each link of this record is, remove the ones that are not the paper's, add the ones that are missing. The correction becomes a new version of the record, in its Versions section.
Request its removal
To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).
Discussion, reproductions, activity
Discussion: questions and error reports about this paper and its code, from signed-in readers and its authors. It opens with sign-in.
Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code: what they reproduced, with which environment, commit and data. It opens with sign-in.
Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.