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Noninvasive detection of audiovisual superadditivity in rat brain by miniaturized SERF magnetometer.

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Paper

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The authors' code

MATLAB · 136 lines · 3.2 KB · no license

  1. clear all;
  2. close all;
  4. data = load('.mat');
  5. fs =10000;
  6. data=data.chanvals;
  7. trig = data(:,1);
  8. signal = data(:,2).*123.4567*3;
  10. tlig=1;
  11. td1=1;
  12. td2=1;
  13. T=10;
  15. f1 =0.1;
  16. f2 =40;
  17. signal = lvbo_floor_sky(signal,fs,f1,f2);
  18. figure
  19. plot(signal);
  20. [sigdark1,siglight,sigdark2,cksig] = divERP(trig,signal,fs,T,td1,td2,tlig);
  22. for i=1:min(size(siglight))
  23. dark1=sigdark1(:,i);
  24. dark2=sigdark2(:,i);
  25. light=siglight(:,i);
  26. sig=[dark1',light',dark2'];
  27. sig = movmean(sig,1000) ;
  28. signal1(:,i)=sig;
  29. L1=find(sig>1);
  30. L2=find(sig<-1);
  31. if length(L1)+length(L2)~=0
  32. L3(i)=i;
  33. end
  34. end
  36. if ~exist('L3','var')
  37. else
  38. L=find(L3);
  39. for j=1:length(L)
  40. signal1=[signal1(:,1:(L(j)-j)),signal1(:,(L(j)-j+2):end)];
  41. end
  43. end
  45. for i=1:min(size(signal1))
  46. t=0:1/fs:(length(signal1(:,i))-1)/fs;
  47. figure(2)
  48. plot(t,signal1(:,i))
  49. hold on
  50. end
  53. signal1=mean(signal1,2);
  54. signal1 = movmean(signal1,1000) ;
  56. t=0:1/fs:(length(signal1)-1)/fs;
  57. figure(3)
  58. plot(t,signal1)
  59. ylim = get(gca,'Ylim');
  60. hold on
  61. plot([td1,td1],ylim,'r--');
  62. hold on
  63. plot([td1+tlig,td1+tlig],ylim,'r--');
  64. title('ERP')
  66. function [xlb]=lvbo_floor_sky(x,fs,f_floor,f_sky)
  67. a = x;
  68. N = length(a);
  69. T = N*1/fs;
  70. t = linspace(0,T,N);
  71. x = a;
  72. dt = t(2)- t(1);
  73. f = 1/dt;
  74. xfft=fft(x);
  75. F = xfft(1:N);
  76. f = f*(0:N-1)/N;
  77. p = N/fs;
  78. if mod(length(a)/2,2)==0
  79. F(floor(p*f_sky):length(a))=0;
  80. else
  81. F(floor(p*f_sky):length(a)+1)=0;
  82. end
  83. F(1:floor(p*f_floor))=0;
  84. xifft=ifft(F);
  85. xlb=xifft;
  86. xlb = real(xlb);
  87. end
  90. function [sigdark1,siglight,sigdark2,cksig] = divERP(trig,signal,fs,T,td1,td2,tlig)
  91. loctrig = diff(trig);
  92. locdown = find(loctrig<-2);
  93. loclift = find(loctrig>2);
  94. if loclift(1)>locdown(1)
  95. locdown = locdown(2:end);
  96. end
  97. locdown=locdown(5:end);
  98. loclift=loclift(5:end);
  100. for i=1:min(length(locdown),length(loclift))-5
  101. if locdown(i+1)-locdown(i)<fs*T*0.5
  102. locdown=[locdown(1:i);locdown(i+2:end)];
  103. end
  105. if loclift(i+1)-loclift(i)<fs*T*0.5
  106. loclift=[loclift(1:i);loclift(i+2:end)];
  107. end
  109. if locdown(i+1)-locdown(i)>fs*T*1.5
  110. locdown=insert(locdown,i+1,locdown(i)+fs*T);
  111. locdown=locdown';
  112. end
  113. if loclift(i+1)-loclift(i)>fs*T*1.5
  114. loclift=insert(loclift,i+1,loclift(i)+fs*T);
  115. loclift=loclift';
  116. end
  117. if loclift(1)>locdown(2)
  118. loclift=[loclift(1)-fs*T;loclift];
  119. end
  120. if mean(signal(loclift(i):loclift(i+1)))>0
  121. sig=signal(loclift(i):loclift(i+1))-mean(signal((locdown(i)-fs*0.2):locdown(i)));
  122. else
  123. sig=signal(loclift(i):loclift(i+1))-mean(signal((locdown(i)-fs*0.2):locdown(i)));
  124. end
  126. light=sig(end-tlig*fs:end);
  127. siglight(:,i)=light;
  128. dark=sig(1:end-tlig*fs);
  129. sigdark2(:,i)=dark(1:td2*fs);
  130. sigdark1(:,i)=dark(length(dark)-td1*fs+1:end);
  131. cksig(:,i)=dark(fs*td1:fs*(T-td1-td2-tlig));
  132. end
  133. sigdark2=sigdark2(:,2:end);
  134. sigdark1=sigdark1(:,1:end-1);
  135. siglight=siglight(:,1:end-1);
  136. end

code.m, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Kexun Tang1, Guanzhong Lu1, Peixin Zhang1, Hao Wang1, Zixuan Wang1, Jia Yao2, Yi Ruan1, Qiang Lin3
ORCID iDs: Yi Ruan, Qiang Lin
  1. Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province, School of Physics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
  2. Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
  3. State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Institute of Quantum Sensing & School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Institutions: Zhejiang University of Technology (China); First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University (China); Zhejiang University (China)
Journal: PloS one, volume 21, issue 4, article e0347319
Dates: received 23 October 2025; accepted 31 March 2026; published online 15 April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0347319 · PMID 41984987 · PMCID PMC13082709 · OpenAlex W7154513077
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: rat (organism), cognitive (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Preprocessing, Evoked potentials, Graphs, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Physiology & signal measures
MeSH: Auditory Perception*, Brain*, Magnetometry*, Visual Perception*, Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Male, Photic Stimulation, Rats (* major topic)
Topic: Multisensory perception and integration (Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Psychology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (U20A20219, 61805213, LGF20C050001, LD22F050003)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 41 references in the paper

Abstract

The neural mechanisms of multisensory integration, particularly the superadditive response where combined sensory inputs elicit neural activity exceeding the sum of unimodal responses, remain a central frontier in perceptual and cognitive neuroscience. Utilizing a high sensitivity spin exchange relaxation free atomic magnetometer (SERF AM), we noninvasively record event related magnetic fields (ERMFs) in anesthetized rats during audiovisual (AV) stimulation, demonstrating the first application of SERF technology in rodent multisensory research. Comparisons across auditory-only, visual-only, and AV conditions revealed superadditive enhancement of the M300 component, with amplitudes surpassing the linear sum of unimodal responses. This effect is modulated by sound frequencies and inter-stimulus intervals (ISIs), suggesting dual modulation: frequency dependent consistency and ISI dependent emergence enhancement. AV induced M300 delays may reflect increased processing time under multisensory stimulation. The observed pattern of early suppression and later enhancement is consistent with condition dependent modulation across different stages of audiovisual processing. The approach advances cross species mechanistic understanding and provides a scalable platform for future translational research in neurodevelopmental conditions.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

supp:PMC13082709/pone.0347319.s001.zip

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 29 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Languages: MATLAB (1)
Size: 1 file, 1 script
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: the supplementary material
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 29 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 29 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
At the source: pmc-oa-opendata.s3.amazonaws.com/PMC13082709.1/pone.0347319.s001.zip

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 1 script, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
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Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability

All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 9 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 40 references.

Cite

This paper

Tang, K., Lu, G., Zhang, P., Wang, H., Wang, Z., Yao, J., Ruan, Y., & Lin, Q. (2026). Noninvasive detection of audiovisual superadditivity in rat brain by miniaturized SERF magnetometer. PloS one, 21(4), e0347319. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0347319

BibTeX

@article{tang2026noninvasive,
author = {Tang, Kexun and Lu, Guanzhong and Zhang, Peixin and Wang, Hao and Wang, Zixuan and Yao, Jia and Ruan, Yi and Lin, Qiang},
title = {{Noninvasive detection of audiovisual superadditivity in rat brain by miniaturized SERF magnetometer}},
journal = {PloS one},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {21},
number = {4},
pages = {e0347319},
publisher = {PLOS},
issn = {1932-6203},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0347319},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0347319},
pmid = {41984987},
pmcid = {PMC13082709}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Tang, Kexun
AU - Lu, Guanzhong
AU - Zhang, Peixin
AU - Wang, Hao
AU - Wang, Zixuan
AU - Yao, Jia
AU - Ruan, Yi
AU - Lin, Qiang
TI - Noninvasive detection of audiovisual superadditivity in rat brain by miniaturized SERF magnetometer
T2 - PloS one
J2 - PLoS One
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/15
VL - 21
IS - 4
SP - e0347319
SN - 1932-6203
PB - PLOS
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0347319
UR - https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0347319
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

{
"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0347319",
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Noninvasive detection of audiovisual superadditivity in rat brain by miniaturized SERF magnetometer",
"container-title": "PloS one",
"author": [
{
"family": "Tang",
"given": "Kexun"
},
{
"family": "Lu",
"given": "Guanzhong"
},
{
"family": "Zhang",
"given": "Peixin"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Hao"
},
{
"family": "Wang",
"given": "Zixuan"
},
{
"family": "Yao",
"given": "Jia"
},
{
"family": "Ruan",
"given": "Yi"
},
{
"family": "Lin",
"given": "Qiang"
}
],
"container-title-short": "PLoS One",
"volume": "21",
"issue": "4",
"page": "e0347319",
"DOI": "10.1371/journal.pone.0347319",
"PMID": "41984987",
"PMCID": "PMC13082709",
"ISSN": "1932-6203",
"publisher": "PLOS",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0347319",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
4,
15
]
]
}
}

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