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Synchronous Activity in the Auditory Forebrain Represents Temporal Landmarks in Vocal Communication Signals.

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9 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 9 matches · 4 of them tie a paragraph to a whole file without given lines: weak matches, whose lines are not tinted
  1. [1] § Materials and Methods › Statistical analysis ↔ Figure 4/Code/Figure4_C_LFPvsMUAe_Envelope.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.66 · lmerTest, emmeans, lme4, pairwise, recording depth, intercepts · Report a mismatch
  2. [2] § Materials and Methods › Statistical analysis ↔ Figure 4/Code/Figure4_C_LFPvsMUAe_Event.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.66 · lmerTest, emmeans, lme4, pairwise, recording depth, intercepts · Report a mismatch
  3. [3] § Materials and Methods › Single-unit analyses ↔ matlab/gcmi_cc.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.63 · Gaussian copula, lower bound, mutual information, MI · Report a mismatch
  4. [4] § Materials and Methods › Single-unit analyses ↔ matlab/gcmi_model_cd.m, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.63 · Gaussian copula, lower bound, mutual information, MI · Report a mismatch
  5. [5] § Materials and Methods › Statistical analysis ↔ Supplementary Figures/Code/Figure_S10_C_Landmarks_Stat.R, lines 50 to 137 · score 0.63 · linear mixed, frequency bands, theta, beta, gamma, ITPCzs · Report a mismatch
  6. [6] § Materials and Methods › Statistical analysis ↔ Supplementary Figures/Code/Figure_S10_C_Event_Stat.R, lines 50 to 137 · score 0.62 · linear mixed, frequency bands, theta, beta, gamma, ITPCzs · Report a mismatch
  7. [7] § Materials and Methods › Neural network latent space ↔ Supplementary Figures/Code/Figure_S13.m, lines 14 to 48 · score 0.61 · LFP features, t-SNE, perplexity, BiLSTM, space, layer · Report a mismatch
  8. [8] § Results › Functional anatomy of temporal decoding ↔ Figure 4/Code/Figure4_AB_3_4.m, lines 593 to 626 · score 0.55 · 0.5–1.5 mm, PeakEnv, CR, ML, DV, channels · Report a mismatch
  9. [9] § Materials and Methods › Neural data recording ↔ pyoperant/behavior/three_ac_matching.py, lines 7 to 120 · score 0.51 · Gentner lab, Python, motifs, wave, stimuli · Report a mismatch

Paper

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The authors' code

R · 83 lines · 3.2 KB · no license · 1 match

  1. # Envelope ---- Compare Performance LFP vs MUAe
  2. # Load necessary libraries
  3. library(tidyverse)
  4. library(lme4)
  5. library(officer)
  6. library(emmeans)
  7. # Set options to adjust limit for large datasets
  8. emm_options(pbkrtest.limit = 7320, lmerTest.limit = 7320)
  9. # Define significance threshold
  10. significance_level <- 0.05
  11. # Section 1: Define paths and load data
  12. Load_Path <- 'C:/Amir/Phd research/Article Phd/Thesis/Ahmadi et al 1/Data Figures/New/'
  13. Save_Path <- 'C:/Amir/Phd research/Article Phd/Thesis/Ahmadi et al 1/Statistical Analysis/Results/'
  14. # Set working directory and load data
  15. setwd(Load_Path)
  16. fileIn <- 'Fig4_C_Envelope_Session.csv'
  17. SaveName <- 'Envelope_Depths_LFPvsMUAe.csv'
  18. df3A.Envelope <- read.csv(fileIn)
  19. # Section 2: Data Preprocessing
  20. # Convert relevant columns to factors
  21. df3A.Envelope <- within(df3A.Envelope, {
  22. Birds_Name <- factor(Name)
  23. Sex_Birds <- factor(Sex)
  24. Depth <- factor(Depth)
  25. Session <- factor(Session_Number)
  26. })
  27. # Summarize the data
  28. summary(df3A.Envelope)
  29. # Initialize Word document
  30. doc <- read_docx()
  31. doc <- body_add_par(doc, paste0('File: ', gsub('\\.csv$', '', SaveName)), style = "Normal")
  32. # Section 3: Model Fitting and Analysis for Decoding Performance Comparison (LFP vs MUAe)
  33. # Reshape data to long format for comparison of LFP and MUAe
  34. df3A.Envelope.long <- pivot_longer(df3A.Envelope, cols = c("Perf_LFP", "Perf_MUAe"), names_to = 'Signal', values_to = 'Performance')
  35. # Fit null and effect models for performance comparison
  36. null_model <- lmer(Performance ~ Depth + (1 | Session), data = df3A.Envelope.long, REML = FALSE)
  37. effect_model <- lmer(Performance ~ Signal * Depth + (1 | Session), data = df3A.Envelope.long, REML = FALSE)
  38. # Perform ANOVA to compare models
  39. anova_result <- anova(null_model, effect_model)
  40. write.csv(anova_result, file = paste0(Save_Path, 'Stat_', SaveName, '_LFP_MUAe_anova_result.csv'))
  41. # Extract and format ANOVA and effect size results
  42. chi_square <- anova_result[2, "Chisq"]
  43. df <- anova_result[2, "Df"]
  44. p_value <- anova_result[2, "Pr(>Chisq)"]
  45. delta_r <- fixef(effect_model)["(Intercept)"]
  46. se <- sqrt(vcov(effect_model)["(Intercept)", "(Intercept)"])
  47. formatted_result <- sprintf('χ^2 (%d) = %.2f, p = %.8f; Δr = %.2f ± %.3f SE',
  48. df, chi_square, p_value, delta_r, se)
  49. doc <- body_add_par(doc, paste0("**Decoding Performance Comparison (LFP vs MUAe): ", formatted_result, "**"), style = "Normal")
  50. # Conduct post hoc analysis only if ANOVA is significant
  51. if (p_value < significance_level) {
  52. posthoc <- emmeans(effect_model, ~ Signal | Depth)
  53. posthoc_contrast <- as.data.frame(contrast(posthoc, method = "pairwise"))
  54. significant_contrast <- posthoc_contrast[posthoc_contrast$p.value < significance_level, ]
  55. write.csv(significant_contrast, file = paste0(Save_Path, 'Stat_', SaveName, '_LFP_MUAe_posthoc_analysis.csv'))
  56. }
  57. # Section 4: Save Results in Word Format
  58. print(doc, target = paste0(Save_Path, 'Stat_', SaveName, '_results.docx'))
  59. # Visualization of Decoding Performance by Depth
  60. library(ggplot2)
  61. emmip(posthoc, ~ Depth | Signal) +
  62. theme_minimal() +
  63. labs(title = "Decoding Performance by Signal Type and Recording Depth",
  64. y = "Estimated Performance",
  65. x = "Depth")

Figure4_C_LFPvsMUAe_Envelope.R at commit 1309c01, no license · at the source

Overview

  1. Department of Behavioural Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Seewiesen 82319, Bavaria, Germany
  2. Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences, Ludwig Maximilian University, Planegg 82152, Bayern, Germany
  3. Department of Neuroscience, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
Dates: received 15 November 2025; accepted 24 September 2026; published online 28 October 2026; in print 28 October 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.2108-25.2026 · PMID 42810968 · PMCID PMC13717546 · OpenAlex W7214797781
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: other (organism), systems (subfield)
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Preprocessing, Connectivity, Statistics, Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Machine learning, Single-unit activity, calcium imaging, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: animal communication, auditory cortex, auditory objects, neural decoding, speech entrainment, zebra finches
MeSH: Auditory Cortex*, Auditory Perception*, Prosencephalon*, Vocalization, Animal*, Acoustic Stimulation, Animals, Female, Finches, Male (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Systems/Circuits
Topic: Animal Vocal Communication and Behavior (Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Agricultural and Biological Sciences), according to OpenAlex
Funding: HHS | NIH | National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD) (R01DC-016783, R01DC-018321); Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt (BMBF) (01GQ1701); Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 64 references in the paper

Abstract

Precise temporal segmentation of sound is critical for identifying and interpreting complex acoustic signals such as human speech (Pisoni and Luce, 1987) and bird song (Gentner, 2008). Using the zebra finch model system, we investigated the neural coding of the songs' temporal features. We recorded neural activity from avian primary and secondary auditory cortex-like brain areas using electrode arrays in awake birds (four males and three females) exposed to conspecific songs. By applying a deep-learning approach with bidirectional long short-term memory networks (Daly, 2023), we demonstrate that not only the amplitude envelope of song stimuli but also discrete, time-locked envelope landmarks can be decoded from multichannel neuronal responses to songs. The times of envelope peak amplitude and peak slope were decoded with average accuracies of 40% and maximum accuracies of 70% at 20 ms timescales. The decoding of these landmarks enabled the segmentation of song into syllables with maximum accuracy of 90% at 10 ms timescales. Decoding accuracy for temporal events was greater in the primary auditory than in the secondary auditory area, suggesting a serial processing of the segmentation and identification operation. These findings reveal that neural entrainment to salient temporal events in vocal communication signals is a ubiquitous, specialized feature of the vertebrate primary auditory forebrain (Mesgarani et al., 2009; Heelan et al., 2019) providing a mechanism for segmenting continuous acoustic streams into behaviorally relevant units for higher-order processing.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repositories

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 9 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

gentnerlab/pyoperant

License: BSD-3-Clause
State: the link answers, verified on 30 October 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: f1f2fe67658d71bfd698c6c8403554d124494d34, 9 October 2026
Languages: Python (55), Jupyter (5), C (1)
Size: 111 files, 61 scripts
Software Heritage: archived
Found in: the text, “Neural data recording”
Holds: README, license file, environment (setup.py, docs/requirements.txt), tests, documentation, 4 notebooks
Not found: CITATION.cff, continuous integration
Tools: NumPy (17 files), SciPy (4 files), Matplotlib (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 October 2026: the link answers
  • 30 October 2026: the link answers
62 files

robince/gcmi

License: GPL-3.0
State: the link answers, verified on 30 October 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: cd5426bb4c6b7094858f37c3710a4ae9367f8ef1, 23 July 2026
Languages: MATLAB (45), Python (10), C++ (10), C (1)
Size: 90 files, 66 scripts
Software Heritage: archived
Found in: the text, “Single-unit analyses”
Holds: README, license file, environment (python/pyproject.toml, python/uv.lock), tests, continuous integration
Not found: CITATION.cff, documentation
Tools: NumPy (5 files), Numba (3 files), EEGLAB (2 files), SciPy (2 files), Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox (1 file)
Availability: 2 checks, the latest on 30 October 2026: the link answers
  • 30 October 2026: the link answers
  • 30 September 2026: the link answers
68 files

amirmasoud92/ZF_Neural_Decoding

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 30 October 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 1309c015a622304e6ef253a4efe6787a4d6ec248, 20 July 2025
Languages: MATLAB (34), R (32)
Size: 309 files, 66 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data Availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: lme4 (32 files), emmeans (11 files), ggplot2 (11 files), Statistics and Machine Learning Toolbox (8 files), tidyverse (7 files), easystats (3 files), lmerTest (3 files), Signal Processing Toolbox (3 files), reshape2 (3 files), Violinplot-Matlab (2 files)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 October 2026: the link answers
  • 30 October 2026: the link answers
67 files

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 3 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 193 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 9 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability

All primary electrophysiological recordings (RHD format), the corresponding playback stimuli, and backpack-microphone tracks have been deposited in the Edmond repository under https://doi.org/10.17617/3.UINR2V. Playback metadata are included in the same record as comma-separated values (.csv) files. The source data supporting every figure, the complete decoding outputs, and the single-unit response matrices for all playback stimuli are available in Edmond under https://doi.org/10.17617/3.AUMDAU. All analysis scripts and figure reproduction code are openly available on GitHub at https://github.com/amirmasoud92/ZF_Neural_Decoding.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 October 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 6 keywords, 9 MeSH terms, 3 funders, 57 references.

Cite

This paper

Ahmadi, A., Robotka, H., Gahr, M., & Theunissen, F. (2026). Synchronous Activity in the Auditory Forebrain Represents Temporal Landmarks in Vocal Communication Signals. The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 46(43), e2108252026. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2108-25.2026

BibTeX

@article{ahmadi2026synchronous,
author = {Ahmadi, Amirmasoud and Robotka, Hermina and Gahr, Manfred and Theunissen, Frederic},
title = {{Synchronous Activity in the Auditory Forebrain Represents Temporal Landmarks in Vocal Communication Signals}},
journal = {The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
volume = {46},
number = {43},
pages = {e2108252026},
publisher = {Society for Neuroscience},
issn = {0270-6474},
doi = {10.1523/jneurosci.2108-25.2026},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2108-25.2026},
pmid = {42810968},
pmcid = {PMC13717546}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Ahmadi, Amirmasoud
AU - Robotka, Hermina
AU - Gahr, Manfred
AU - Theunissen, Frederic
TI - Synchronous Activity in the Auditory Forebrain Represents Temporal Landmarks in Vocal Communication Signals
T2 - The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
J2 - J Neurosci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/28
VL - 46
IS - 43
SP - e2108252026
SN - 0270-6474
PB - Society for Neuroscience
DO - 10.1523/jneurosci.2108-25.2026
UR - https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.2108-25.2026
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"container-title": "The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience",
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"PMID": "42810968",
"PMCID": "PMC13717546",
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"publisher": "Society for Neuroscience",
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}

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