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Scale-Free Neurodynamics as Functional Fingerprint of Brain Regions.

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Paper

Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC

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The authors' code

Jupyter notebook · 5 lines · 777 B · no license

  1. # %% [markdown]
  2. # The dataset analysed in this study is publicly available here: https://mni-open-ieegatlas.research.mcgill.ca/ . We downloaded 4 .edf files: Superior temporal gyrus_W.edf, Superior temporal gyrus_D.edf, Superior temporal gyrus_N.edf, Superior temporal gyrus_R.edf, Postcentral gyrus (including medial segment)_W.edf, PPostcentral gyrus (including medial segment)_D.edf, Postcentral gyrus (including medial segment)_N.edf, Postcentral gyrus (including medial segment)_R.edf, Precentral gyrus_W.edf, Precentral gyrus_N.edf, Precentral gyrus_D.edf, Precentral gyrus_R.edf, Medial segment of precentral gyrus_W.edf, Medial segment of precentral gyrus_N.edf, Medial segment of precentral gyrus_D.edf, Medial segment of precentral gyrus_R.edf
  3. # %%
  4. !pip install mne

Access to the public MNI data-checkpoint.ipynb at commit 1aa6236, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Karolina Armonaite1,2,3, Franca Tecchio2, Baingio Pinna4, Camillo Porcaro2,5, Livio Conti3,6,7
  1. Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kaunas University of Technology, 44249 Kaunas, Lithuania
  2. Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies—Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, 00196 Rome, Italy; (F.T.); (C.P.)
  3. INFN—Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
  4. Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
  5. Biomedical Engineering Research to Advance and Innovate Translational Neuroscience (BRAIN Unit), Department of Neuroscience & Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
  6. Faculty of Engineering, Uninettuno University, 00186 Rome, Italy
  7. IAPS—INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali—Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, 00133 Rome, Italy
Journal: Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), volume 13, issue 3, article 323
Dates: received 3 February 2026; accepted 2 March 2026; published online 11 March 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.3390/bioengineering13030323 · PMID 41899854 · PMCID PMC13023962 · OpenAlex W7134965815
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Methods: Spectral & time-frequency, Statistics, Connectivity
Keywords: scale-free dynamics, multifractal, power-law, neurodynamics, resting-state activity, brain functional parcellation
Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: European Commission (Project ADMIT, Project. N. 101134520); MUR - Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca, Italia (Project PRIN2022, Prot. 20222AW3JL, D.D. n.901 21/06/2023, prot.1016.07-07-2023)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 50 references in the paper

Abstract

This study investigates the ongoing electrical activity of local neural networks—referred to as neurodynamics—across 37 anatomically defined brain regions. We analyzed stereotactic intracranial EEG (sEEG) recordings from 106 subjects during wakeful rest, focusing on scale-free (power-law) properties to determine whether distinct brain regions exhibit unique neurodynamic signatures. Results revealed a power-law regime in two frequency ranges (approximately 0.5–4 Hz and 33–80 Hz). Notably, the power-law exponent (slope) in the high-frequency band differed significantly between cortical and subcortical areas (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that local neurodynamics, as reflected in scale-free characteristics, may serve as a functional “fingerprint” for brain region classification. This approach may contribute to functional brain parcellation efforts and offer new insights into the intrinsic organization of neuronal networks as revealed by resting-state activity analysis.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

armonaite/PowerLawAnalysis

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 30 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 1aa6236e2f90684cb588798f87655e5c44a7009c, 27 May 2024
Languages: Jupyter (8)
Size: 8 files, 8 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data Availability Statement”
Holds: 8 notebooks
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Matplotlib (7 files), NumPy (7 files), pandas (7 files), SciPy (7 files), MNE-Python (1 file), statsmodels (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 30 September 2026: the link answers
  • 30 September 2026: the link answers
8 files

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 8 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability Statement

The original data presented in the study are openly available in the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) Intracerebral Recording Atlas at https://mni-open-ieegatlas.research.mcgill.ca/ (accessed on 15 January 2026). For the development of this work, no AI tools were used. The code used in this study is publicly available at: https://github.com/armonaite/PowerLawAnalysis.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 5 authors, 6 keywords, 2 funders, 50 references.

Cite

This paper

Armonaite, K., Tecchio, F., Pinna, B., Porcaro, C., & Conti, L. (2026). Scale-Free Neurodynamics as Functional Fingerprint of Brain Regions. Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 13(3), 323. https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13030323

BibTeX

@article{armonaite2026scale,
author = {Armonaite, Karolina and Tecchio, Franca and Pinna, Baingio and Porcaro, Camillo and Conti, Livio},
title = {{Scale-Free Neurodynamics as Functional Fingerprint of Brain Regions}},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {323},
publisher = {Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)},
issn = {2306-5354},
doi = {10.3390/bioengineering13030323},
url = {https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13030323},
pmid = {41899854},
pmcid = {PMC13023962}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Armonaite, Karolina
AU - Tecchio, Franca
AU - Pinna, Baingio
AU - Porcaro, Camillo
AU - Conti, Livio
TI - Scale-Free Neurodynamics as Functional Fingerprint of Brain Regions
T2 - Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
J2 - Bioengineering (Basel)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/11
VL - 13
IS - 3
SP - 323
SN - 2306-5354
PB - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
DO - 10.3390/bioengineering13030323
UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13030323
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

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