Transcriptomic Evidence Identifies Two TMBIM Subgroups with Opposing Prognostic Associations in Glioma.

Overview

1. CBIOS, ECTS, Lusófona University, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (S.R.); (G.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.F.)
2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
3. Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine (GIMM), Edifício Egas Moniz, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
4. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Alcalá, Ctra. Madrid-Barcelona Km. 33.600, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain

Abstract

Gliomas are the most common and aggressive primary brain tumours, with glioblastoma (GB) exhibiting a poor prognosis and limited therapeutic response. Dysregulation of intracellular ion homeostasis, particularly Ca2+ signalling, has emerged as a key contributor to glioma progression. The transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif-containing (TMBIM) protein family regulates intracellular Ca2+ flux and cell survival; however, their role in glioma remains incompletely understood. Gene expression and clinical data from TCGA, CGGA, and Rembrandt cohorts were analysed to assess the association between TMBIM1-6 expression, tumour grade, and patient survival. Correlation analyses identified TMBIM-associated gene networks, followed by functional enrichment to characterise underlying biological processes and molecular functions. The TMBIM family members segregated into two distinct groups with opposing clinical associations. TMBIM1, TMBIM4, and TMBIM6 were upregulated and associated with poor survival, whereas TMBIM2, TMBIM3, and TMBIM5 were downregulated and associated with increased survival. Functional enrichment analyses revealed two conserved gene expression programmes: TMBIM1/4/6 are linked to membrane trafficking, metabolic and bioenergetic adaptation, while TMBIM2/3/5 are associated with cell cycle regulation and chromosomal instability. These findings uncover a previously unrecognised functional divergence within the TMBIM family in glioma. This bipartite organisation highlights TMBIM proteins as potential prognostic markers and suggests that selective targeting of specific TMBIM subgroups may improve therapeutic strategies.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Data

Datasets cited

• zenodo:19226542, at Zenodo; found in “Data Availability Statement”

Data Availability Statement

The datasets containing gene correlation analysis results (PCC values and gene names) and genes included in the Venn diagrams generated for this study can be found at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19226542.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 5 authors, 6 keywords, 2 funders, 73 references.

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This paper

Ramos, S., Pereira, G., Martins, M., Fernandes, A. S., & Saraiva, N. (2026). Transcriptomic Evidence Identifies Two TMBIM Subgroups with Opposing Prognostic Associations in Glioma. Biology, 15(14), 1179. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15141179

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