Genetic insights on the mechanisms of human cortical folding
Overview
16 affiliations
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, Human Genetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Marcus Autism Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Centre de recherche CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, Rutgers University, United States of America
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
Abstract
The unique and intricate pattern of human cortical folding is rooted in fetal neurodevelopmental processes and can now be comprehensively quantified by new neuroimaging-derived measures of sulcal complexity. Here, we provide the first genetic maps of human sulcal complexity. Beginning with large effects of rare variants, we survey nine different neurogenetic syndromes (n=
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC0), from the paper cited above.
Code
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Data
Datasets cited
- ukbiobank.ac.uk/
use-our-data/ , at UK Biobank; found in “Data availability”apply-for-access
Data availability
All genetic maps of rare neurogenetic syndrome or common variant effects on sulcal complexity produced in this study are provided in Supplementary Data and Source Data files. Additionally, genetic correlations with cortical morphometrics, gene summaries of GWAS significant genes, fetal brain transcriptomic module data and related gene set enrichment analysis are all provided in Supplementary Data and Source Data files. Sulcal complexity GWAS summary statistics will be deposited with accession codes made available prior to publication. Raw neuroimaging data for neurogenetic syndromes are available through request and data access agreement from the principal investigators of the projects from the studies they are derived from. UK Biobank imputed genotype data and imaging data can be accessed through application to the UK Biobank (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC0), from the paper cited above.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, dates, 18 authors, 2 funders, 146 references.
Cite
This paper
Snyder, W., Shafee, R., Liu, S., Levitis, E., Duan, K., Kumar, K., Schleifer, C. H., Boen, R., Ching, C. R., Han, J. C., Lee, N., Mulle, J. G., Shultz, S., Jacquemont, S., Bearden, C. E., Vértes, P. E., Bullmore, E. T., & Raznahan, A. (2026). Genetic insights on the mechanisms of human cortical folding. bioRxiv (preprint). https://
BibTeX
@article{snyder2026genet
author = {Snyder, William and Shafee, Rebecca and Liu, Siyuan and Levitis, Elizabeth and Duan, Kuaikuai and Kumar, Kuldeep and Schleifer, Charles H and Boen, Rune and Ching, Christopher RK and Han, Joan C. and Lee, Nancy and Mulle, Jennifer G and Shultz, Sarah and Jacquemont, Sébastien and Bearden, Carrie E and Vértes, Petra E and Bullmore, Edward T and Raznahan, Armin},
title = {{Genetic insights on the mechanisms of human cortical folding}},
journal = {bioRxiv (preprint)},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
publisher = {bioRxiv},
issn = {2692-8205},
doi = {10.64898/
url = {https://
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Snyder, William
AU - Shafee, Rebecca
AU - Liu, Siyuan
AU - Levitis, Elizabeth
AU - Duan, Kuaikuai
AU - Kumar, Kuldeep
AU - Schleifer, Charles H
AU - Boen, Rune
AU - Ching, Christopher RK
AU - Han, Joan C.
AU - Lee, Nancy
AU - Mulle, Jennifer G
AU - Shultz, Sarah
AU - Jacquemont, Sébastien
AU - Bearden, Carrie E
AU - Vértes, Petra E
AU - Bullmore, Edward T
AU - Raznahan, Armin
TI - Genetic insights on the mechanisms of human cortical folding
T2 - bioRxiv (preprint)
J2 - bioRxiv
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
SN - 2692-8205
PB - bioRxiv
DO - 10.64898/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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