Integrated transcriptomic identification and validation reveal key autophagy-associated biomarkers in sleep deprivation.
The 11 matches
- [1] § Results › Immune cell infiltration analysis ↔ 05_Immune_Infiltration.R, lines 1–35 · score 0.88 · myeloid derived suppressor, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, central memory CD4, natural killer, CD8, monocytes
- [2] § Results › Immune cell infiltration analysis ↔ 05_Immune_Infiltration.R, lines 1–35 · score 0.83 · myeloid derived suppressor, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, memory CD8, memory CD4, macrophages, effector
- [3] § Results › Expression patterns of predictor genes in single cells ↔ 06_Single_Cell_Analysis and GSEA Analysis.R, lines 71–128 · score 0.83 · Cx3cr1, GABAergic, Acta2, Aldoc, Cldn11, Dlk1
- [4] § Methods › scRNA-seq ↔ 06_Single_Cell_Analysis and GSEA Analysis.R, lines 130–217 · score 0.75 · FindAllMarkers, logfc.threshold, min.pct, clustering, cell, genes
- [5] § Results › Diagnostic value of key predictor genes and external cohort validation ↔ 04_Diagnostic_Model.R, lines 306–375 · score 0.70 · calibration curve, predicted probabilities, diagnostic model, ideal, CDKN1A, NR4A1
- [6] § Methods › GSEA functional enrichment analysis ↔ 06_Single_Cell_Analysis and GSEA Analysis.R, lines 289–340 · score 0.65 · c5.go.v2024.1.Hs.symbols.gmt, GSEA, enrichment, genes
- [7] § Results › Functional enrichment analysis ↔ 02_Enrichment_Analysis.R, lines 99–154 · score 0.65 · Cellular Component, Biological Process, Molecular Function, enrichment, genes
- [8] § Methods › Data collection ↔ 01Data Cleaning & Differential Analysis.R, lines 101–172 · score 0.64 · removeBatchEffect, batch correction, limma, matrix, GSE33302, GSE9442
- [9] § Methods › Immune infiltration analysis ↔ 05_Immune_Infiltration.R, lines 37–122 · score 0.61 · ssGSEA, immune cell, GSVA, scores, infiltration, matrix
- [10] § Methods › Screening of predictor genes for SD ↔ 03_Machine_Learning_Hub.R, lines 1–54 · score 0.60 · SVM RFE, Machine, glmnet, error, fold, LASSO
- [11] § Methods › Identification and validation of predictor genes ↔ 04_Diagnostic_Model.R, lines 58–119 · score 0.56 · diagnostic model, CI, GSE37667, confidence, interval, AUC
Paper
Loaded from Europe PMC by your browser, not stored by OSCR: doi.org · Europe PMC
The paper is loaded when this pane is shown.
The authors' code
R · 122 lines · 4.3 KB · no license · 3 matches
- ######ssGSEA
- #BiocManager::install('devtools')
- library(devtools)
- #BiocManager::install('Biostrings')
- #BiocManager::install("GSVA")
- #BiocManager::install('GenomeInfoDbData')
- library(dplyr)
- library(tidyverse)
- library(GSVA)
- library(ggplot2)
- geneSet <- read.csv("CellReports.txt",header = F,sep = "\t",)
- table(is.na(geneSet ))#
- class(geneSet)
- geneSet <- geneSet %>%column_to_rownames("V1")%>%t()
- a <- geneSet
- a <- a[1:nrow(a),]
- set <- colnames(a)
- l <- list()
- #i <- "Activated CD8 T cell"
- for (i in set) {
- x <- as.character(a[,i])
- x <- x[nchar(x)!=0]
- x <- as.character(x)
- l[[i]] <-x
- }
- Imu = as.list(c(l[["Central memory CD8 T cell"]],l[["Effector memeory CD8 T cell"]],l[["Activated CD4 T cell"]],
- l[["Central memory CD4 T cell"]],l[["Effector memeory CD4 T cell"]],l[["T follicular helper cell"]],
- l[["Gamma delta T cell"]],l[["Type 1 T helper cell"]],l[["Type 17 T helper cell"]],l[["Type 2 T helper cell"]],
- l[["Regulatory T cell"]],l[["Activated B cell"]],l[["Immature B cell"]],l[["Memory B cell"]],l[["Natural killer cell"]],
- l[["CD56bright natural killer cell"]],l[["CD56dim natural killer cell"]],l[["Myeloid derived suppressor cell"]],
- l[["Natural killer T cell"]],l[["Activated dendritic cell"]],l[["Plasmacytoid dendritic cell"]],l[["Immature dendritic cell"]],
- l[["Macrophage"]],l[["Eosinophil"]],l[["Mast cell"]],l[["Monocyte"]],l[["Neutrophil"]]))
- Imu = c(l[["Central memory CD8 T cell"]],l[["Effector memeory CD8 T cell"]],l[["Activated CD4 T cell"]])
- # BiocManager::install('limma')
- library(limma)
- load("D:/项目/24110426/SD_exp_combined-human.Rdata")
- exprSet<-as.matrix(exp2)
- exprSet=exprSet[,-42]
- exprSet[1:6,1:6]
- str(exprSet)
- exprSet2 = as.data.frame(exprSet)
- for (i in 1:ncol(exprSet)) {
- exprSet2[,i] = as.numeric(exprSet2[,i])
- }
- str(exprSet2)
- exprSet2 = as.matrix(exprSet2)
- ssgsea<- gsva(exprSet2, l,method='ssgsea',kcdf='Gaussian',abs.ranking=TRUE)
- Immune = as.data.frame(t(ssgsea))
- Immune2 = Immune
- Immune2$id <- rownames(Immune2)
- exprSet2=as.data.frame(t(exprSet2))
- exprSet2$id<-rownames(exprSet2)
- Immune2 = merge(Immune2,exprSet2,by = 'id')
- Immune2 = cbind(group_list,Immune2)
- Immune3 <- Immune %>% as.data.frame() %>%
- rownames_to_column("Sample") %>%
- gather(key = 'Immune Cell Type',value = 'Estimating Score',-Sample)
- Immune3$Group <- ifelse(Immune3$Sample %in% Immune2$id ,Immune2$group_list,0)
- #Immune3$Group=ifelse(Immune3$Group==1,'Control','SD')
- Immune3=na.omit(Immune3)
- table(Immune3$Group)
- library(ggplot2)
- library(tidyverse)
- library(ggpubr)
- # plot
- colnames(Immune3)
- ggplot(Immune3,aes(x = reorder(`Immune Cell Type`,-`Estimating Score`) , y = `Estimating Score`, fill = Group)) +
- geom_violin(position = position_dodge(0.9),alpha = 1.2,
- width = 1.8,trim = T,
- color = NA) +
- geom_boxplot(width = 0.35,show.legend = F,
- position = position_dodge(0.9),
- color = 'black',alpha = 1.2,
- outlier.shape = 21) +
- theme_bw(base_size = 16) +
- labs(x = "Immune Cell Type", y = 'ssGSEA Estimating Score') +
- theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 65,hjust = 1,color = 'black'),
- legend.position = 'top',
- aspect.ratio = 0.4) +
- scale_fill_manual(values = c("#FF0000",'#00CCFF'))+
- stat_compare_means(aes(group = Group,label = ..p.signif..),method = "t.test")#kruskal.test p.signif
- ggsave(filename = './ssGSEA.pdf',width = 16,height = 10)
- library(corrplot)
- library(Hmisc)
- library(pheatmap)
- mygene <- read.csv('ML-交集基因.csv',sep=',')
- mygene=mygene[,-1]
- exp2=exp2[,-42]
- nc = t(rbind(ssgsea,exp2[mygene,])) ;
- m = rcorr(nc)$r[1:nrow(ssgsea),(ncol(nc)-length(mygene)+1):ncol(nc)]
- p = rcorr(nc)$P[1:nrow(ssgsea),(ncol(nc)-length(mygene)+1):ncol(nc)]
- head(p)
- tmp <- matrix(case_when(as.vector(p) < 0.01 ~ "**",
- as.vector(p) < 0.05 ~ "*",
- TRUE ~ ""), nrow = nrow(p))
- p1 <- pheatmap(t(m),
- display_numbers =t(tmp),
- angle_col =45,
- color = colorRampPalette(c("#92b7d1", "white", "#d71e22"))(100),
- border_color = "white",
- cellwidth = 20,
- cellheight = 20,
- width = 7,
- height=9.1,
- treeheight_col = 0,
- treeheight_row = 0)
05_Immune_Infiltration.R at commit 9433f3a, no license · at the source
Overview
- Sleep Medicine Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Nephrology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Abstract
Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is harmful to individuals, but its pathogenesis is not clarified.
Objective: This study seeks to identify SD-linked autophagy genes via integrated transcriptomic and experimental validation approaches.
Methods: Primary SD transcriptomic datasets (GSE33302 and GSE9442), derived from murine brain tissue, were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Murine gene symbols were subsequently mapped to their human orthologs to enable downstream bioinformatic analyses and integration with the GeneCards database. The converted DEGs were intersected with autophagy-related genes (ARGs) obtained from GeneCards to identify autophagy-associated DEGs, which were then subjected to functional enrichment analyses. Candidate predictor genes were selected using machine learning (ML) algorithms. Their expression was rigorously validated in both internal and external datasets (GSE9441 and GSE3767), encompassing murine brain tissue and human peripheral blood samples, respectively. In parallel, an SD rat model was established by exposing male Sprague-Dawley rats to continuous sleep deprivation for seven consecutive days. Brain tissues from the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were harvested, and the expression levels of rat orthologs of the candidate genes were quantified using reverse transcription-quantitati
Results: Three significantly dysregulated predictor genes: CDKN1A, HSPA5, and NR4A1, were identified, and a diagnostic model incorporating these genes demonstrated strong predictive performance. Bioinformatic analysis of immune cell infiltration indicated a potential association between the three key predictor genes and modifications in the immune microenvironment. Moreover, single-cell transcriptomic profiling revealed that these genes were preferentially and highly expressed in endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons, respectively, implying distinct functional roles across different cellular subpopulations.
Conclusion: CDKN1A, HSPA5, and NR4A1 emerge as crucial pathogenic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for SD. This study provides novel molecular targets for elucidating the mechanisms underlying SD-induced autophagy modulation, immune response, and neurovascular injury.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repositories
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 11 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
tobejoy613/Autophagy-Genes-as-Sleep-Deprivation-Biomarkers
9433f3a51a7afa2442ac1e50a93cf5a7c73f0fa2, 9 March 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
7 files
- 01Data Cleaning & Differential Analysis.R, R, 260 lines, 1 match
- 02_Enrichment_Analysis.R
, R, 341 lines, 1 match - 03_Machine_Learning_Hub.
R , R, 99 lines, 1 match - 04_Diagnostic_Model.R, R, 376 lines, 2 matches
- 05_Immune_Infiltration.R
, R, 122 lines, 3 matches - 06_Single_Cell_Analysis and GSEA Analysis.R, R, 341 lines, 3 matches
- README.md, Text, 2 lines
supp:PMC13242190/peerj-14-21426-s009.r
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
- peerj-14-21426-s009.r, R, 260 lines
supp:PMC13242190/peerj-14-21426-s010.r
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
- peerj-14-21426-s010.r, R, 341 lines
supp:PMC13242190/peerj-14-21426-s011.r
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
- peerj-14-21426-s011.r, R, 99 lines
supp:PMC13242190/peerj-14-21426-s012.r
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
- peerj-14-21426-s012.r, R, 376 lines
supp:PMC13242190/peerj-14-21426-s013.r
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
- peerj-14-21426-s013.r, R, 122 lines
supp:PMC13242190/peerj-14-21426-s014.r
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
1 file
- peerj-14-21426-s014.r, R, 341 lines
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 7 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
- 12 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- 11 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
Datasets cited
- geo:GSE33302, at NCBI GEO; found in “Additional Information and Declarations”
Other data links
- ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
geo , NCBI; found in the text, “Data collection”
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, pages, dates, 9 authors, 5 keywords, 12 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 63 references.
Cite
This paper
Gan, L., You, Z., Tan, W., Feng, S., Cai, Y., Shi, X., Ma, X., Yu, J., & Pan, J. (2026). Integrated transcriptomic identification and validation reveal key autophagy-associated biomarkers in sleep deprivation. PeerJ, 14, e21426. https://
BibTeX
@article{gan2026integrat
author = {Gan, Lutong and You, Zerui and Tan, Wanyue and Feng, Simeng and Cai, Yixian and Shi, Xian and Ma, Xia and Yu, Jiaqi and Pan, Jiyang},
title = {{Integrated transcriptomic identification and validation reveal key autophagy-associated biomarkers in sleep deprivation}},
journal = {PeerJ},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {14},
pages = {e21426},
publisher = {PeerJ, Inc},
issn = {2167-8359},
doi = {10.7717/
url = {https://
pmid = {42254657},
pmcid = {PMC13242190}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Gan, Lutong
AU - You, Zerui
AU - Tan, Wanyue
AU - Feng, Simeng
AU - Cai, Yixian
AU - Shi, Xian
AU - Ma, Xia
AU - Yu, Jiaqi
AU - Pan, Jiyang
TI - Integrated transcriptomic identification and validation reveal key autophagy-associated biomarkers in sleep deprivation
T2 - PeerJ
J2 - PeerJ
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 14
SP - e21426
SN - 2167-8359
PB - PeerJ, Inc
DO - 10.7717/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.7717/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Integrated transcriptomic identification and validation reveal key autophagy-associated biomarkers in sleep deprivation",
"container-title": "PeerJ",
"author": [
{
"family": "Gan",
"given": "Lutong"
},
{
"family": "You",
"given": "Zerui"
},
{
"family": "Tan",
"given": "Wanyue"
},
{
"family": "Feng",
"given": "Simeng"
},
{
"family": "Cai",
"given": "Yixian"
},
{
"family": "Shi",
"given": "Xian"
},
{
"family": "Ma",
"given": "Xia"
},
{
"family": "Yu",
"given": "Jiaqi"
},
{
"family": "Pan",
"given": "Jiyang"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "14",
"page": "e21426",
"DOI": "10.7717/
"PMID": "42254657",
"PMCID": "PMC13242190",
"ISSN": "2167-8359",
"publisher": "PeerJ, Inc",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
6,
3
]
]
}
}
The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.
Similar papers
The papers with a page that share the most with this one: the tools found in their code, their categories, datasets, cited references and authors, the rarest counting most.
- [1] doi:10.3390/ijms27104466 [code]
- Uncovering the Key Circuit FOSL2/
FOS/ EGR3/ EGR1, Contributing to the Hyperexcitability of Excitatory Neurons in the Epileptic Temporal Cortex and Hippocampus. Journal: International journal of molecular sciencesIn common: pROC, glmnet, caret, 12 other tools, genetics / omics - [2] doi:10.3390/ijms27156925 [code]
- XGBoost-SHAP Interpretable Modeling Identifies and Validates an Eight-Gene Biomarker for Hepatic Encephalopathy Risk Prediction in Cirrhosis.Journal: International journal of molecular sciencesIn common: randomForest, pROC, glmnet, 11 other tools, genetics / omics
- [3] doi:10.1038/s42003-026-10957-8 [code]
- Brain defence by the extracellular matrix protein Cochlin.Journal: Communications biologyIn common: randomForest, glmnet, caret, 11 other tools, mouse, cellular / molecular
- [4] doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.115657 [code]
- Integration of machine learning to develop a disulfidptosis model for predicting glioma prognosis, immunotherapy response, and drug.Journal: iScienceIn common: pROC, glmnet, limma, 11 other tools
- [5] doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btag592 [code]
- Network-based stratification of allele-specific expression reveals patient subgroups in Huntington's disease.Journal: Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)In common: randomForest, pROC, limma, 10 other tools, genetics / omics
- [6] doi:10.1016/j.xcrm.2026.102766 [code]
- A longitudinal single-cell and spatial multiomic atlas of pediatric high-grade glioma.Journal: Cell reports. MedicineIn common: pROC, limma, circlize, 10 other tools, genetics / omics, cellular / molecular
- [7] doi:10.1038/s41467-026-77170-3 [code]
- DNA methylation profiling identifies long-range epigenetic silencing of clustered protocadherins as a key determinant of meningioma progression.Journal: Nature communicationsIn common: randomForest, pROC, caret, 8 other tools, genetics / omics, cellular / molecular
- [8] doi:10.1002/imt2.70163 [code]
- Spatial multi-omics unveils sphingolipid metabolic reprogramming within the retinal pathological niche.Journal: iMetaIn common: limma, circlize, clusterProfiler, 9 other tools, genetics / omics, mouse, cellular / molecular
- [9] doi:10.3390/ijms27093997 [code]
- Coordinated Multicellular Immune Programs and Drug Targets Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis in Driver-Mutated NSCLC.Journal: International journal of molecular sciencesIn common: glmnet, circlize, clusterProfiler, 9 other tools, genetics / omics
- [10] doi:10.1093/neuonc/noag128 [code]
- Spatially-resolved single-cell imaging of melanoma brain metastases identifies localized immune patterns predictive of immune checkpoint blockade response.Journal: Neuro-oncologyIn common: pROC, glmnet, caret, 8 other tools, genetics / omics
Contribute
The authors of this paper can claim it, correct its record and validate its tracing map, and the maintainers of its code (its owner, or a public member of its organization) correct what it says of their repository; anyone signed in can ask for its removal. Every request goes to OSCR's own machine, which answers it; your account page follows them.
Sign in with ORCID to claim this paper as one of its authors, correct its record or validate its tracing map: when the paper's metadata lists your ORCID iD, you are recognized at once. Maintainers of its code: sign in with GitHub, then claim the repository on your account page.
Claim this paper
Correct its record
Say what each link of this record is, remove the ones that are not the paper's, add the ones that are missing. The correction becomes a new version of the record, in its Versions section.
Validate its tracing map
You validate the map as this page shows it: 7 repositories of the authors' code, each at its verified commit and with its license, 12 scripts, and 11 matches between paragraphs and code (see the Code and Map sections). It then receives a DOI on Zenodo, with you (your ORCID iD) and OSCR as its creators; the code itself is not deposited.
The map's fingerprint: sha256:f97a6b08fa867e0c…
Add the badge to its README
The badge links the code to this page. Copy one of these into the README of the paper's code: only you decide where it goes, and nothing is changed for you.
Markdown
[, paste the snippet at the top, then “Commit changes…” and, to review it first, “Create a new branch and start a pull request”. You open the pull request; OSCR asks for no permission.
Request its removal
To ask OSCR to remove this record, the copies of its authors' scripts or its tracing map, use the removal request page: signed in, you say who you are, what to remove and why, then review and confirm the request. Published rules decide every request (how).
Discussion, reproductions, activity
Discussion: questions and error reports about this paper and its code, from signed-in readers and its authors. It opens with sign-in.
Reproductions: reports from readers who ran the authors' code: what they reproduced, with which environment, commit and data. It opens with sign-in.
Activity: what happens around this paper: new versions of its record, its map's validation, discussions and reproductions. It opens with sign-in.
