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Ant brain metabolomics reveals contrasting purine and amine dynamics in a reversible trematode-induced host manipulation

Overview

Authors: Chen-Hua Li1,2, Cameron Goater3, James Wasmuth1
  1. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
  2. Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
  3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
Journal: Royal Society open science, volume 13, issue 10, article 261298
Dates: received 17 June 2026; accepted 24 August 2026; published online 7 October 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI · PMCID PMC13641915
Status: code found, still to be checked (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: genetics / omics (modality), other (organism)
Methods: Statistics, Preprocessing, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: host manipulation, altered host behaviour, parasite transmission, Trematoda, biogenic monoamines, adenosine, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, Formica aserva
Journal subjects: Behaviour, Biochemistry, Ecology, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology
Funding: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (04589, 05067); Collaborative Research and Training Experience (CREATE) programme (413888)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 49 references in the paper

Abstract

The neurochemical mechanisms underlying parasite-induced host manipulations remain poorly understood. Formicid ants infected with lancet fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, attach to vegetation with their mandibles during cool conditions, facilitating ingestion by grazing mammals—the obligate definitive host. Following several hours of attachment, ants detach, return to their nests, then repeat the attach/detach sequence on subsequent days. To investigate the molecular basis of this reversible manipulation, we used targeted and untargeted metabolomics to compare the brain chemistry of infected and uninfected field-collected ants during four sequential phases of manipulation. Targeted analysis of biogenic amines showed that tyramine and serotonin concentrations were 16% and 22% lower, respectively, in infected versus uninfected ants, but only during the detachment phase. Untargeted metabolomics revealed that the purine adenosine was 190% higher in infected ants during attachment. This result implicates the adenosine pathway, a key regulator of insect sleep/wake cycles, feeding inhibition and immune responsiveness, in the induction of the immobile, biting phase. Taurine levels were also reduced in the infected ants, potentially suppressing eusocial behaviours such as nest leaving. These results suggest that D. dendriticum uses distinct neurochemical mechanisms to orchestrate contrasting phases of manipulation: adenosine-mediated induction of attachment and biogenic amine-mediated regulation of detachment.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

No file of the authors' code could be read here: it is described below, and read at its source.

doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.c.8697196

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: unreachable at the last attempt, verified on 7 October 2026
Evidence: found in the paper
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: the references
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 7 October 2026: unreachable at the last attempt (HTTP 202)
  • 7 October 2026: unreachable at the last attempt (HTTP 202)

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Data

Datasets cited

Data accessibility

All data generated in this study are available in the supplementary material [49].

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

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Version 1, 7 October 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 3 authors, 8 keywords, 2 funders, 45 references.

Cite

This paper

Li, C.-H., Goater, C., & Wasmuth, J. (2026). Ant brain metabolomics reveals contrasting purine and amine dynamics in a reversible trematode-induced host manipulation. Royal Society open science, 13(10), 261298.

BibTeX

@article{li2026ant,
author = {Li, Chen-Hua and Goater, Cameron and Wasmuth, James},
title = {{Ant brain metabolomics reveals contrasting purine and amine dynamics in a reversible trematode-induced host manipulation}},
journal = {Royal Society open science},
year = {2026},
month = oct,
volume = {13},
number = {10},
pages = {261298},
publisher = {The Royal Society},
issn = {2054-5703},
pmcid = {PMC13641915}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Li, Chen-Hua
AU - Goater, Cameron
AU - Wasmuth, James
TI - Ant brain metabolomics reveals contrasting purine and amine dynamics in a reversible trematode-induced host manipulation
T2 - Royal Society open science
J2 - R Soc Open Sci
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/10/07
VL - 13
IS - 10
SP - 261298
SN - 2054-5703
PB - The Royal Society
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"given": "Chen-Hua"
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"volume": "13",
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"publisher": "The Royal Society",
"language": "en",
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"date-parts": [
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7
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