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Cognitive Trajectories from Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease to Dementia.

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  1. [1] § Results › Sensitivity of Cognitive Measures Across the AD Continuum ↔ R/data.R, the whole file · a weak match · score 0.57 · ADAS cog, Mild Cognitive, predicted disease, longitudinal, MMSE, trajectories · Report a mismatch

Paper

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The authors' code

R · 34 lines · 1.4 KB · no license · 1 match

  1. #' Simulated longitudinal ADAS-cog and MMSE scores
  2. #'
  3. #' A dataset containing longitudinal simulated ADAS-cog and MMSE scores
  4. #' for a large number of individuals that are cognitively normal, have mild
  5. #' congnitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.
  6. #' Data is simulated based on ADNI data.
  7. #'
  8. #' @format A data frame with 9378 rows and 7 variables:
  9. #' \describe{
  10. #' \item{subject_id}{Subject ID}
  11. #' \item{Month_bl}{Months since baseline}
  12. #' \item{ADAS13}{Simulated 13-item ADAS-cog score}
  13. #' \item{MMSE}{Simulated MMSE score}
  14. #' \item{CN}{Was subject cognitively normal at baseline (0/1)?}
  15. #' \item{MCI}{Was subject mild cognitively impaired at baseline (0/1)?}
  16. #' \item{DEM}{Did subject have dementia at baseline (0/1)?}
  17. #' \item{blstatus}{Patient status at baseline (Cognitively normal/MCI/Dementia)}
  18. #' }
  19. "adas_mmse_data"
  22. #' Predicted disease stage at baseline for ADNI participants
  23. #'?AD
  24. #' A dataset containing the predicted disease stage (disease month) for
  25. #' individuals in ADNI based on their longitudinal 13-item ADAS-cog trajectories
  26. #' Data are based on a data cut of ADAS-cog scores from July 2019.
  27. #'
  28. #' @format A data frame with 2130 rows and 3 variables:
  29. #' \describe{
  30. #' \item{RID}{ADNI roster ID}
  31. #' \item{pred_AD_month}{Predicted disease time (in months relative to the average cognitive state of the cognitively normal group)}
  32. #' }
  33. "ADNI_disease_stage_bl"

data.R at commit d374fb3, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Fredrik Öhman1,2,3, Lars Lau Raket4, Michael Schöll1,2,3, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative†
ORCID iDs: Michael Schöll
  1. Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
  2. Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  3. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
  4. Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
Institutions: Sahlgrenska University Hospital (Sweden); Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine (Sweden); University of Gothenburg (Sweden); Lund University (Sweden)
Journal: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), volume 13, issue 32, article e18124
Dates: received 29 September 2025; accepted 19 March 2026; published online 30 March 2026; in print June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1002/advs.202518124 · PMID 41910174 · PMCID PMC13252657 · OpenAlex W7143423062
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified (how the code is found and verified)
Categories: PET / SPECT (modality), human (organism), Alzheimer's / dementia (population), clinical / translational (subfield)
Methods: Connectivity, Statistics, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: alzheimer's disease, biomarkers, clinical assessment, clinical trials, cognition, preclinical
MeSH: Alzheimer Disease*, Cognition*, Cognitive Dysfunction*, Dementia*, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Biomarkers, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Male, Positron-Emission Tomography (* major topic)
Topic: Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research (Psychiatry and Mental health, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program (101132933, 101112145); Swedish Alzheimer Foundation (AF-994900); Swedish Brain Foundation (FO2021-0311, FO2024-0372); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW2023.0371, KAW2014.0363); Gates Ventures; Swedish Research Council (2023-06188, 2021-02678, 2021-06545, 2017-02869); Swedish state, the Swedish government and the County Councils, the ALF-agreement (ALFGBG-813971, ALFGBG-965326); Vetenskapsrådet (2021–06545, 2017‐02869, 2021–02678, 2023–06188); Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse (KAW2023.0371, KAW2014.0363); National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2023-00263612, RS‐2023‐00263612); Hjärnfonden (FO2021‐0311, FO2024‐0372); Västra Götaland Region R&D (VGFOUREG-995510); Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; National Institutes of Health (R01 AG081394‐01); NIH HHS (R01 AG081394-01)
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 64 references in the paper

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by progressive cognitive decline, highlighting the importance of cognitive assessment in both clinical practice and research. This study investigates the temporal dynamics of cognitive decline and the differential sensitivity of cognitive measures across the AD spectrum. Cognitive measures, functional assessments, and amyloid‐beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) are analyzed using a latent‐time disease progression model. Data from 1,447 participants across cognitively normal, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia stages are positioned along an estimated AD timeline. The model estimates a ∼20‐year progression from initial Aβ PET positivity to late‐stage dementia. Cognitive trajectories reveal that cognitive measures deviate at different time points, with varying levels of abnormality across the disease continuum. These findings demonstrate that cognitive measures differ markedly in their sensitivity across the AD continuum. Characterizing when specific measures become abnormal provides a framework for stage‐appropriate test selection in clinical practice, improving clinical interpretation while informing the choice of cognitive endpoints and inclusion criteria in clinical trials.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 1 match between paragraphs and lines of code.

larslau/progmod

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 28 October 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: d374fb34a87d469891ab675f2c7294676e62dec9, 5 April 2022
Languages: R (2)
Size: 14 files, 2 scripts
Software Heritage: archived
Found in: the references
Holds: README, environment (DESCRIPTION), documentation
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, tests, continuous integration
Tools: nlme (1 file)
Availability: 2 checks, the latest on 28 October 2026: the link answers
  • 28 October 2026: the link answers
  • 27 September 2026: the link answers
3 files
At the source: github.com/larslau/progmod

Tracing map

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  • 2 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 1 match between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
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Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability Statement

Data used in this study were obtained from the ADNI database (https://adni.loni.usc.edu). ADNI data were publicly available to qualified researchers upon registration and approval through the ADNI Data Use Agreement.

Data used in this study were obtained from the ADNI database (https://adni.loni.usc.edu). ADNI data are publicly available to qualified researchers upon registration and approval through the ADNI Data Use Agreement.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

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Version 1, 30 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 6 keywords, 13 MeSH terms, 15 funders, 52 references.

Cite

This paper

Öhman, F., Raket, L. L., Schöll, M., & for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative†. (2026). Cognitive Trajectories from Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease to Dementia. Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 13(32), e18124. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202518124

BibTeX

@article{ohman2026cognitive,
author = {Öhman, Fredrik and Raket, Lars Lau and Schöll, Michael and {for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative†}},
title = {{Cognitive Trajectories from Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease to Dementia}},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
year = {2026},
month = mar,
volume = {13},
number = {32},
pages = {e18124},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {2198-3844},
doi = {10.1002/advs.202518124},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202518124},
pmid = {41910174},
pmcid = {PMC13252657}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Öhman, Fredrik
AU - Raket, Lars Lau
AU - Schöll, Michael
AU - for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative†
TI - Cognitive Trajectories from Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease to Dementia
T2 - Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
J2 - Adv Sci (Weinh)
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/03/30
VL - 13
IS - 32
SP - e18124
SN - 2198-3844
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/advs.202518124
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202518124
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"PMCID": "PMC13252657",
"ISSN": "2198-3844",
"publisher": "Wiley",
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