Cellular transcriptomic signatures underpinning the heterogeneity of depression in Alzheimer's disease.
The 8 matches
- [1] § METHODS › Comparative analysis and cell–cell communication analysis ↔ 17.cellchat.Normal.DEP.R, lines 265–310 · score 0.62 · interaction strengths, signaling pathways, CellChat, networks, cells
- [2] § METHODS › Comparative analysis and cell–cell communication analysis ↔ cellchat.MDD.Normal.R, lines 217–262 · score 0.62 · interaction strengths, signaling pathways, CellChat, networks, cells
- [3] § METHODS › Differential expression analysis ↔ 13.Normal.DEP.cell_type_DE_analysis.R, lines 89–135 · score 0.59 · post mortem interval, PMI, age, sex, diagnosis, filtered
- [4] § METHODS › Differential expression analysis ↔ 12.AD.DEP.cell_type_DE_analysis_adjusted.R, lines 196–234 · score 0.59 · post mortem interval, PMI, age, sex, diagnosis, filtered
- [5] § METHODS › Single‐cell RNA sequencing data processing and analysis ↔ 13.Normal.DEP.cell_type_DE_analysis.R, lines 1–87 · score 0.58 · DoubletFinder, removing cells, variables, scores, covariates, diagnosis
- [6] § METHODS › Single‐cell RNA sequencing data processing and analysis ↔ 12.AD.DEP.cell_type_DE_analysis_adjusted.R, lines 65–106 · score 0.56 · DoubletFinder, removing cells, variables, scores, covariates, diagnosis
- [7] § METHODS › Comparative analysis and cell–cell communication analysis ↔ 15.AD_DEP_vs_Normal_DEP.intersection.mayo.R, lines 84–148 · score 0.53 · Venn diagrams, Common DEGs, intersection, genes, MDD, cell
- [8] § METHODS › Comparative analysis and cell–cell communication analysis ↔ 15.AD_DEP_vs_MDD.new.intersection.mayo.R, lines 84–148 · score 0.53 · Venn diagrams, Common DEGs, intersection, genes, MDD, cell
Paper
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The authors' code
R · 285 lines · 10 KB · no license · 2 matches
- #srun --mem=200GB --pty bash -i
- #conda activate /hpc/group/adrc/zm77/software/zmnebula
- #R
- .libPaths(c(.libPaths(), '/hpc/group/adrc/zm77/r_packages'))
- .libPaths(c(.libPaths(), '/hpc/group/adrc/zm77/software/conda_envs'))
- library(Matrix, lib.loc = '/hpc/group/adrc/zm77/r_packages')
- library(data.table)
- library(ggplot2)
- library(Seurat, lib.loc = '/hpc/group/adrc/zm77/r_packages')
- library(plyr)
- library(dplyr)
- library(stringr)
- library(nebula)
- library(missForest)
- library(parallel)
- # This can be run as an array job
- i <- Sys.getenv('SLURM_ARRAY_TASK_ID') %>% as.numeric()
- # For testing, if not an array job, you can set i manually
- if (is.na(i)) i <- 1
- # Define directories
- base_dir <- '/hpc/group/adrc/zm77/LUTZ.MDD/ROSMAP.BIG.10032024/new.analysis.03112025/objects'
- out_dir <- file.path(base_dir, 'nebula_results_Normal_DEPR')
- dir.create(out_dir, recursive = TRUE, showWarnings = FALSE)
- # Load the integrated object with Mayo annotations
- setwd(base_dir)
- seu <- readRDS('9.integrated_with_mayo_annotations.rds')
- # Make sure we have the raw RNA counts
- if (!"RNA_raw" %in% names(seu@assays)) {
- stop("RNA_raw assay not found in the Seurat object. Please check that the raw counts are available.")
- }
- clinic <- read.csv("/hpc/group/adrc/zm77/LUTZ.MDD/ROSMAP.BIG.10032024/ROSMAP_depr_clinical.csv")
- # Get the metadata from Seurat object
- metadata <- [email hidden]
- clinic <- clinic %>%
- mutate(depression = case_when(
- r_depres == 4 ~ "Normal",
- r_depres == 1 | r_depres == 2 | r_depres == 3 ~ "DEPR",
- TRUE ~ ""
- ))
- clinic <- clinic %>%
- mutate(ad = case_when(
- cogdx == 1 ~ "Normal",
- cogdx == 4 | cogdx == 5 ~ "LOAD",
- TRUE ~ ""
- ))
- clinic <- clinic [clinic$ad == 'Normal', ]
- clinic$diagnosis <- paste0(clinic$ad, '_', clinic$depression)
- clinic <- clinic [clinic$diagnosis == 'Normal_DEPR' | clinic$diagnosis == 'Normal_Normal', ]
- print ('number of subjects with Normal but without depression:')
- print (nrow (clinic[clinic$diagnosis == 'Normal_Normal', ]))
- print ('number of subjects with Normal and depression:')
- print (nrow (clinic[clinic$diagnosis == 'Normal_DEPR', ]))
- metadata <- metadata[metadata$DoubletFinder.score < 0.75, ]
- metadata$rowname <- rownames(metadata)
- metadata <- left_join(metadata, clinic, by='individualID')
- metadata <- as.data.frame(metadata)
- rownames(metadata) <- metadata$rowname
- metadata <- metadata [complete.cases(metadata$diagnosis), ]
- # Remove cells with missing covariates
- metadata <- metadata[!is.na(metadata$msex), ]
- message("After removing cells with missing covariates: ", nrow(metadata), " cells")
- # Create diagnosis variable (0 for Normal without DEP(reference), 1 for Normal with DEP)
- metadata$diagnosis <- ifelse(metadata$diagnosis == 'Normal_DEPR', 1, 0)
- # Update the Seurat object metadata (keep only filtered cells)
- seu <- seu[, rownames(metadata)]
- [email hidden] <- metadata
- # Get Mayo cell types and count how many cells in each
- cell_types <- table(metadata$mayo.cell.type)
- cell_types <- names(cell_types[cell_types >= 50]) # Only analyze cell types with at least 50 cells
- message("Found ", length(cell_types), " Mayo cell types with at least 50 cells")
- print(cell_types)
- # Function to run NEBULA analysis for a given cell type
- run_nebula_analysis <- function(cell_type) {
- message("Processing cell type: ", cell_type)
- # Subset metadata for this cell type
- meta <- metadata[metadata$mayo.cell.type == cell_type, ]
- # If not enough cells of this type, skip
- if (nrow(meta) < 50) {
- message("Not enough cells for cell type: ", cell_type, " (", nrow(meta), " cells). Skipping.")
- return(NULL)
- }
- # Check if we have both groups
- if (length(unique(meta$diagnosis)) < 2) {
- message("Only one diagnosis group found for cell type: ", cell_type, ". Skipping.")
- return(NULL)
- }
- # Get raw count data for these cells
- data.subset <- seu[["RNA_raw"]]$counts[, rownames(meta)]
- # Filter genes with zero expression
- genes.use <- rowSums(data.subset) > 0
- genes.use <- names(genes.use[genes.use])
- message(" - Using ", length(genes.use), " genes with non-zero expression")
- # Subset the data to these genes
- data.subset <- data.subset[genes.use, ]
- # Prepare data for NEBULA
- allgenes <- t(as.data.frame(data.subset))
- allgenes <- as.data.frame(allgenes)
- # Add metadata
- ngenes <- ncol(allgenes)
- gene_names <- colnames(allgenes) # Store original gene names
- allgenes$diagnosis <- meta$diagnosis
- allgenes$sampID <- meta$individualID # Using individualID for subject grouping
- allgenes$sex <- as.numeric(meta$msex) # msex: 0 = female, 1 = male
- allgenes$agec <- meta$agec # Age at death
- allgenes$pmi <- meta$pmi # Post-mortem interval
- allgenes$nCount_RNA <- meta$nCount_RNA_raw
- allgenes$wellKey <- rownames(meta)
- rownames(allgenes) <- allgenes$wellKey
- # Reorder columns: metadata first, then genes
- metadata_cols <- c("diagnosis", "sampID", "sex", "agec", "pmi", "nCount_RNA", "wellKey")
- allgenes <- allgenes[, c(metadata_cols, gene_names)]
- # Handle missing values in covariates if any
- coldata <- allgenes[, 1:7]
- # Make sure sample_id is a factor
- coldata$sampID <- as.factor(coldata$sampID)
- # Filter for genes expressed in at least 10% of cells in either group
- message(" - Filtering genes by expression prevalence...")
- # Get cells for each condition
- load_cells <- as.matrix(t(allgenes[allgenes$diagnosis == 1, 8:ncol(allgenes)]))
- normal_cells <- as.matrix(t(allgenes[allgenes$diagnosis == 0, 8:ncol(allgenes)]))
- # Skip if one group has no cells
- if (ncol(load_cells) == 0 || ncol(normal_cells) == 0) {
- message(" - Not enough cells in one of the groups. Skipping.")
- return(NULL)
- }
- # Calculate percent of cells expressing each gene
- PercentAbove <- function(x, threshold) {
- return(length(x = x[x > threshold]) / length(x = x))
- }
- pct.exp.load <- apply(X = load_cells, MARGIN = 1, FUN = PercentAbove, threshold = 0)
- pct.exp.normal <- apply(X = normal_cells, MARGIN = 1, FUN = PercentAbove, threshold = 0)
- # Filter genes expressed in at least 10% of cells in either group
- alpha.min <- pmax(pct.exp.load, pct.exp.normal)
- genes.to.keep <- names(which(alpha.min >= 0.1))
- message(" - Keeping ", length(genes.to.keep), " genes expressed in at least 10% of cells")
- # Subset the data to these genes
- genedata <- data.subset[rownames(data.subset) %in% genes.to.keep, ]
- # Make sure gene data and cell data are in the same order
- genedata <- genedata[, rownames(coldata)]
- # Order the data by sample ID
- coldata <- coldata[order(coldata$sampID), ]
- # Prepare for NEBULA
- count <- as.matrix(genedata)
- count <- count[, rownames(coldata)]
- # Set offset (library size normalization)
- offsets <- coldata$nCount_RNA
- offsets <- unname(offsets)
- # Create subject ID vector
- sid <- as.character(coldata$sampID)
- # Create design matrix with sex, age, and PMI as covariates
- df <- model.matrix(~ sex + diagnosis, data = coldata)
- message(" - Running NEBULA with ", nrow(count), " genes and ", ncol(count), " cells")
- # Run NEBULA
- re <- nebula(count, sid, pred = df, offset = offsets, method = 'HL')
- # Process results
- result <- re$summary
- # Calculate log2FC (LOAD vs Normal)
- result$log2FC <- log2(exp(result$logFC_diagnosis))
- # Calculate FDR
- result$fdr <- p.adjust(result$p_diagnosis, method = 'fdr', n = nrow(result))
- # Rename columns
- result <- result[, c('gene', 'log2FC', 'p_diagnosis', 'fdr')]
- colnames(result) <- c('gene', 'log2FC', 'p_val', 'fdr')
- # Sort by FDR
- result <- result[order(result$fdr), ]
- # Extract significant genes
- result_sig <- result[which(result$fdr < 0.05), ]
- # Save results
- setwd(out_dir)
- write.csv(result, paste0('Normal_DEPR_', gsub(" ", "_", cell_type), '_all_genes_NEBULA.csv'), row.names = FALSE)
- if (nrow(result_sig) > 0) {
- write.csv(result_sig, paste0('Normal_DEPR_', gsub(" ", "_", cell_type), '_sig_genes_NEBULA.csv'), row.names = FALSE)
- message(" - Found ", nrow(result_sig), " differentially expressed genes at FDR < 0.05")
- } else {
- message(" - No significant differentially expressed genes found at FDR < 0.05")
- }
- # Create volcano plot
- if (nrow(result) > 10) { # Only create plot if we have enough genes
- p <- ggplot(result, aes(x = log2FC, y = -log10(p_val))) +
- geom_point(aes(color = fdr < 0.05), alpha = 0.6) +
- scale_color_manual(values = c("grey", "red")) +
- labs(title = paste0("Volcano Plot: Normal_wt_DEP vs Normal_w_DEP ", cell_type),
- x = "log2(Fold Change)",
- y = "-log10(p-value)") +
- theme_minimal() +
- theme(legend.position = "none") +
- geom_hline(yintercept = -log10(0.05), linetype = "dashed") +
- geom_vline(xintercept = c(-1, 1), linetype = "dashed")
- ggsave(paste0('LOAD_DEPR_Normal_', gsub(" ", "_", cell_type), '_volcano.png'), p, width = 8, height = 6)
- }
- # Return success
- return(TRUE)
- }
- # If running as array job, process the i-th cell type
- if (!is.na(i) && i <= length(cell_types)) {
- result <- run_nebula_analysis(cell_types[i])
- if (is.null(result)) {
- message("Analysis failed or was skipped for cell type: ", cell_types[i])
- }
- } else {
- # If not an array job or for testing, process all cell types sequentially
- message("Processing all cell types sequentially...")
- for (cell_type in cell_types) {
- result <- run_nebula_analysis(cell_type)
- gc() # Clean up memory between runs
- }
- }
- # Summary of all analyses
- summary_file <- file.path(out_dir, "nebula_analysis_Normal_DEPR_summary.txt")
- analyzed_cell_types <- list.files(out_dir, pattern = "all_genes_NEBULA.csv")
- sig_cell_types <- list.files(out_dir, pattern = "sig_genes_NEBULA.csv")
- writeLines(c(
- paste("NEBULA Differential Expression Analysis Summary - AD Study"),
- paste("Date:", Sys.Date()),
- paste("Comparison: Normal_wt_DEP vs Normal_w_DEP"),
- paste("Covariates: sex"),
- paste("Total cell types analyzed:", length(analyzed_cell_types)),
- paste("Cell types with significant genes:", length(sig_cell_types)),
- paste("Cell types analyzed:"),
- paste(" -", gsub("LOAD_vs_Normal_|\\_all_genes_NEBULA.csv", "", analyzed_cell_types))
- ), summary_file)
- message("Analysis complete. Results saved to ", out_dir)
- print(sessionInfo())
13.Normal.DEP.cell_type_DE_analysis.R at commit 470c908, no license · at the source
Overview
- Division of Translational Brain Sciences, Department of Neurology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina USA
Abstract
The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 8 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
NCTrailRunner/NPS_manuscript
470c908d9fe0002040dceaed395d859486e283a3, 15 September 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 26 September 2026: the link answers
- 26 September 2026: the link answers
23 files
- 1.create_subsamples.sh, Shell, 72 lines
- 11.cell_type_DE_analysis
.R , R, 272 lines - 12.AD.DEP.cell_type_DE_a
nalysis_adjusted.R , R, 493 lines, 2 matches - 13.Normal.DEP.cell_type_
DE_analysis.R , R, 285 lines, 2 matches - 14.AD.DEP.cell_type_subs
et_FDR.R , R, 180 lines - 14.Normal.DEP.cell_type_
subset_FDR.R , R, 180 lines - 15.AD_DEP_vs_MDD.new.int
ersection.mayo.R , R, 380 lines, 1 match - 15.AD_DEP_vs_Normal_DEP.
intersection.mayo.R , R, 380 lines, 1 match - 16.cellchat.AD.DEP.R, R, 367 lines
- 17.cellchat.Normal.DEP.R
, R, 361 lines, 1 match - 3.annotate_cells.R, R, 74 lines
- 4.merge_annotations.R, R, 22 lines
- 5.sct_normalization.R, R, 36 lines
- 6.integrate_datasets.R, R, 102 lines
- 7.RNA_cluster.R, R, 90 lines
- 7.final_cluster.R, R, 163 lines
- 8.scmayomap.R, R, 201 lines
- 9.merge_objects.R, R, 69 lines
- cellchat.MDD.Normal.R, R, 312 lines, 1 match
- h5ad_to_seurat.R, R, 176 lines
- process_single_sample.R, R, 250 lines
- seurat_to_h5ad.R, R, 99 lines
- README.md, Text, 105 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
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- 8 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
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Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Code and data availability statement
The paper has a code and data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:
- it points to the authors' code: NCTrailRunner/
NPS_manuscript
Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1002/alz.71823.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 3 authors, 10 keywords, 10 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 81 references.
Cite
This paper
Lutz, M. W., Man, Z., & Chiba‐Falek, O. (2026). Cellular transcriptomic signatures underpinning the heterogeneity of depression in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 22(9), e71823. https://
BibTeX
@article{lutz2026cellula
author = {Lutz, Michael W. and Man, Zhaohui and Chiba‐Falek, Ornit},
title = {{Cellular transcriptomic signatures underpinning the heterogeneity of depression in Alzheimer's disease}},
journal = {Alzheimer's \& dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association},
year = {2026},
month = sep,
volume = {22},
number = {9},
pages = {e71823},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {1552-5260},
doi = {10.1002/
url = {https://
pmid = {42728740},
pmcid = {PMC13569991}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Lutz, Michael W.
AU - Man, Zhaohui
AU - Chiba‐Falek, Ornit
TI - Cellular transcriptomic signatures underpinning the heterogeneity of depression in Alzheimer's disease
T2 - Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association
J2 - Alzheimers Dement
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 22
IS - 9
SP - e71823
SN - 1552-5260
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1002/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "Cellular transcriptomic signatures underpinning the heterogeneity of depression in Alzheimer's disease",
"container-title": "Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association",
"author": [
{
"family": "Lutz",
"given": "Michael W."
},
{
"family": "Man",
"given": "Zhaohui"
},
{
"family": "Chiba‐Falek",
"given": "Ornit"
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "22",
"issue": "9",
"page": "e71823",
"DOI": "10.1002/
"PMID": "42728740",
"PMCID": "PMC13569991",
"ISSN": "1552-5260",
"publisher": "Wiley",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
9,
1
]
]
}
}
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