1 Hz Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Ameliorates Epilepsy by Suppressing Interferon-γ Signaling-Dependent Microglial Synaptic Phagocytosis in Mice.
Overview
- Department of Rehabilitation Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents' Health and Diseases, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Disorders, Chongqing, China
- Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, Fujian province, China
Abstract
Aims: We aim to investigate the impact of low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (LF‐rTMS) on activated microglia in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which exacerbate seizures and memory problems, and to explore the molecular mechanisms and clinical potential of LF‐rTMS for TLE treatment.
Methods: We tested 0.3, 0.5, 1 Hz LF‐rTMS in kainic acid (KA)‐induced TLE mice, assessing EEG, inflammation, synaptic phagocytosis, memory, scRNA‐seq, and IFN‐γ neutralizing antibodies. SnRNA‐seq of human hippocampal sclerosis (HS) tissues confirmed relevance.
Results: In KA‐induced TLE mice, 1 Hz LF‐rTMS decreased seizures, neuroinflammation, and hippocampal synaptic phagocytosis, while enhancing memory. These effects were linked to increased microglial IFN‐γ signaling (activating STAT2 and inhibiting CADM1/
Conclusion: Our study indicates that 1 Hz LF‐rTMS is a promising treatment for TLE, potentially reducing seizures and cognitive issues by affecting microglial function. Our findings show that IFN‐γ signaling triggers STAT2 activation, which is strongly linked to the increased expression of IFN‐γ signature DAM and the decreased expression of CADM1/
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Data
Datasets cited
- geo:GSE230150, at NCBI GEO; found in the text, “PCA Analysis of Bulk RNA‐Seq Data”
Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 3 authors, 5 keywords, 13 MeSH terms, 57 references.
Cite
This paper
Lin, D., Wang, D., & Xiao, N. (2026). 1 Hz Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Ameliorates Epilepsy by Suppressing Interferon-γ Signaling-Dependent Microglial Synaptic Phagocytosis in Mice. CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 32(6), e70979. https://
BibTeX
@article{lin20261,
author = {Lin, Donghui and Wang, Duan and Xiao, Nong},
title = {{1 Hz Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Ameliorates Epilepsy by Suppressing Interferon-γ Signaling-Dependent Microglial Synaptic Phagocytosis in Mice}},
journal = {CNS neuroscience \& therapeutics},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {32},
number = {6},
pages = {e70979},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {1755-5930},
doi = {10.1002/
url = {https://
pmid = {42287127},
pmcid = {PMC13263791}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Lin, Donghui
AU - Wang, Duan
AU - Xiao, Nong
TI - 1 Hz Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Ameliorates Epilepsy by Suppressing Interferon-γ Signaling-Dependent Microglial Synaptic Phagocytosis in Mice
T2 - CNS neuroscience & therapeutics
J2 - CNS Neurosci Ther
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 32
IS - 6
SP - e70979
SN - 1755-5930
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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