SelExNet: A Self-Supervised Physics-Informed Framework for Multi-Channel Joint RF and Gradient Waveform Optimization in 2D Spatially Selective Excitation.
The 4 matches
- [1] § Methods › Multi‐Channel Joint RF‐Gradient Optimization Network › Gradient Module: Parameterized Gradient Waveform Generation Network ↔ src/selexnet/model.py, lines 59–121 · score 0.75 · variable density, spiral trajectory, space trajectory, angular, radial, Gradient
- [2] § Methods › Loss Functions › Gradient Constraint Loss ↔ src/selexnet/train.py, lines 473–497 · score 0.61 · slew rate, Gradient amplitude, penalty, smooth, loss
- [3] § Methods › Loss Functions ↔ finetune.py, lines 73–139 · score 0.59 · weight decay, AdamW, trainable, training, optimizes
- [4] § Methods › Loss Functions ↔ main.py, lines 42–82 · score 0.54 · weight decay, AdamW, training, optimizes
Paper
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The authors' code
Python · 562 lines · 16 KB · no license · 1 match
- #!/usr/bin/env python
- # coding=utf-8
- """
- Author : Chris Xiao [email hidden]
- Date : 2024-09-21 01:52:10
- LastEditors : Chris Xiao [email hidden]
- LastEditTime : 2025-03-12 00:14:32
- FilePath : /Documents/sTx_B0_1/src/model.py
- Description : DeepControlV2 network architecture
- I Love IU
- Copyright (c) 2024 by Chris Xiao [email hidden], All Rights Reserved.
- """
- import torch
- import torch.nn as nn
- import torch.nn.functional as F
- from typing import Any
- DEFAULT_NUM_GROUP = 32
- # Include the get_num_groups function as defined earlier
- def get_num_groups(num_channels, default_num_groups=32):
- num_groups = min(default_num_groups, num_channels)
- while num_groups > 0:
- if num_channels % num_groups == 0:
- return num_groups
- num_groups -= 1
- return 1 # Fallback to 1 if no divisor is found
- def _get_norm_layer(num_channels, norm_type, eps=1e-8, is_fc=False):
- if is_fc:
- return nn.RMSNorm(num_channels, eps=eps)
- if norm_type == "group":
- num_groups = get_num_groups(num_channels, DEFAULT_NUM_GROUP)
- return nn.GroupNorm(num_groups, num_channels, eps=eps, affine=True)
- elif norm_type == "instance":
- return nn.InstanceNorm2d(num_channels, eps=eps, affine=True)
- elif norm_type == "batch":
- return nn.BatchNorm2d(num_channels, eps=eps, affine=True)
- else:
- raise ValueError(f"Unsupported normalization type: {norm_type}")
- def _get_act_layer(act_type):
- if act_type == "swish":
- return MemoryEfficientSwish()
- elif act_type == "relu":
- return nn.ReLU()
- elif act_type == "leaky_relu":
- return nn.LeakyReLU(negative_slope=0.1)
- elif act_type == "gelu":
- return nn.GELU()
- else:
- raise ValueError(f"Unsupported activation type: {act_type}")
- def generate_spiral_trajectory_gradients(params, cfg):
- """
- Generates a spiral trajectory based on parameters.
- Args:
- num_points (int): Number of time points.
- k_max (float): Maximum k-space radius.
- params (dict): Contains 'n_turns', 'alpha', 'beta'.
- Returns:
- kx, ky (torch.Tensor): K-space trajectories.
- """
- n_turns = params[:, 0].unsqueeze(1) * float(cfg.magnet.ktraj.n_turns[0]) + float(
- cfg.magnet.ktraj.n_turns[1]
- )
- alpha = params[:, 1].unsqueeze(1) * float(cfg.magnet.ktraj.alpha[0]) + float(
- cfg.magnet.ktraj.alpha[1]
- )
- beta = params[:, 2].unsqueeze(1) * float(cfg.magnet.ktraj.beta[0]) + float(
- cfg.magnet.ktraj.beta[1]
- )
- kmax_factor = params[:, 3].unsqueeze(1) * float(
- cfg.magnet.ktraj.kmax_factor[0]
- ) + float(cfg.magnet.ktraj.kmax_factor[1])
- T = cfg.magnet.tp
- num_points = cfg.model.rf_output_dim // 2
- gamma = cfg.magnet.gamma / (2 * torch.pi) # rad⋅s^-1⋅T^-1
- fov = cfg.image.fov # m
- N = cfg.image.N # pixels
- dt = T / num_points
- alpha = alpha.expand(-1, num_points)
- beta = beta.expand(-1, num_points)
- t = torch.linspace(0, T, num_points, device=params.device).unsqueeze(0)
- t_normalized = t / T # Normalize to [0, 1]
- # Radial component with variable density
- k_max = (
- torch.sqrt(
- torch.tensor(cfg.magnet.tx, dtype=params.dtype, device=params.device)
- )
- * N[0]
- ) / (kmax_factor * 2.0 * fov[0]) # 1/m
- r = k_max * (1.0 - torch.pow(t_normalized, alpha))
- # Angular component with variable speed
- theta = 2.0 * torch.pi * n_turns * torch.pow(t_normalized, beta)
- # Cartesian coordinates
- kx = r * torch.cos(theta) # 1/m
- ky = r * torch.sin(theta) # 1/m
- dkx = torch.gradient(kx, spacing=dt, dim=-1)[0] # rad/m/s
- dky = torch.gradient(ky, spacing=dt, dim=-1)[0] # rad/m/s
- # Compute gradients
- Gx = dkx / gamma # T/m
- Gy = dky / gamma # T/m
- Gx = Gx.repeat_interleave(repeats=2, dim=-1) # [B, T*2]
- Gy = Gy.repeat_interleave(repeats=2, dim=-1) # [B, T*2]
- Gz = torch.zeros_like(Gx).requires_grad_(False) # T/m
- return Gx, Gy, Gz
- # Memory-efficient Swish activation function
- class SwishImplementation(torch.autograd.Function):
- @staticmethod
- def forward(ctx: Any, x: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
- result = x * torch.sigmoid(x)
- ctx.save_for_backward(x)
- return result
- @staticmethod
- def backward(ctx: Any, grad_outputs: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: # type: ignore
- x = ctx.saved_tensors[0]
- sigmoid_x = torch.sigmoid(x)
- grad_input = grad_outputs * (sigmoid_x * (1 + x * (1 - sigmoid_x)))
- return grad_input
- class MemoryEfficientSwish(nn.Module):
- def forward(self, x):
- return SwishImplementation.apply(x)
- # Bottleneck block with GroupNorm and optional dropout
- class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
- expansion = 4
- def __init__(
- self,
- in_channels,
- out_channels,
- stride=1,
- downsample=None,
- norm="group",
- act="swish",
- dropout_rate=0.1,
- ):
- super(Bottleneck, self).__init__()
- width = out_channels // self.expansion
- self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, width, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
- self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout2d(p=dropout_rate)
- self.norm1 = _get_norm_layer(width, norm)
- self.act1 = _get_act_layer(act)
- self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(
- width, width, kernel_size=3, stride=stride, padding=1, bias=False
- )
- self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout2d(p=dropout_rate)
- self.norm2 = _get_norm_layer(width, norm)
- self.act2 = _get_act_layer(act)
- self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(width, out_channels, kernel_size=1, bias=False)
- self.norm3 = _get_norm_layer(out_channels, norm)
- self.act3 = _get_act_layer(act)
- self.downsample = downsample
- def forward(self, x):
- identity = x
- out = self.conv1(x)
- out = self.norm1(out)
- out = self.act1(out)
- out = self.dropout1(out)
- out = self.conv2(out)
- out = self.norm2(out)
- out = self.act2(out)
- out = self.dropout2(out)
- out = self.conv3(out)
- out = self.norm3(out)
- if self.downsample is not None:
- identity = self.downsample(x)
- out = out + identity
- out = self.act3(out)
- return out
- # Modified DCNV2 model with GroupNorm and dropout
- class RFNet(nn.Module):
- def __init__(
- self,
- input_dim=1,
- output_dim=2000,
- tx=8,
- dropout=0.5,
- norm="group",
- act="swish",
- block=[3, 4, 6, 3],
- ):
- super(RFNet, self).__init__()
- self.in_channels = 64
- self.tx = tx
- # Initial convolutional layer
- self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(
- input_dim, self.in_channels, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False
- )
- self.norm1 = _get_norm_layer(self.in_channels, norm)
- self.act1 = _get_act_layer(act)
- self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
- # Define layers using the Bottleneck block
- self.layer1 = self._make_layer(
- Bottleneck,
- 64,
- blocks=block[0],
- dropout=dropout,
- stride=1,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- )
- self.layer2 = self._make_layer(
- Bottleneck,
- 128,
- blocks=block[1],
- dropout=dropout,
- stride=2,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- )
- self.layer3 = self._make_layer(
- Bottleneck,
- 256,
- blocks=block[2],
- dropout=dropout,
- stride=2,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- )
- self.layer4 = self._make_layer(
- Bottleneck,
- 512,
- blocks=block[3],
- dropout=dropout,
- stride=1,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- )
- # Global average pooling
- self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
- # Fully connected layers for amplitude and phase
- self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
- self.fc_amp = nn.Linear(512 * Bottleneck.expansion, output_dim * tx)
- self.fc_phase = nn.Linear(512 * Bottleneck.expansion, output_dim * tx)
- # Initialize weights
- self._initialize_weights()
- def _make_layer(
- self, block, planes, blocks, dropout=0.5, stride=1, norm="group", act="swish"
- ):
- downsample = None
- out_channels = planes * block.expansion
- if stride != 1 or self.in_channels != out_channels:
- downsample = nn.Sequential(
- nn.Conv2d(
- self.in_channels,
- out_channels,
- kernel_size=1,
- stride=stride,
- bias=False,
- ),
- _get_norm_layer(out_channels, norm),
- )
- layers = []
- layers.append(
- block(
- self.in_channels,
- out_channels,
- stride,
- downsample,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- dropout_rate=dropout,
- )
- )
- self.in_channels = out_channels
- for _ in range(1, blocks):
- layers.append(
- block(
- self.in_channels,
- out_channels,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- dropout_rate=dropout,
- )
- )
- return nn.Sequential(*layers)
- def forward(self, x):
- B = x.size(0)
- # Initial layers
- x = self.conv1(x)
- x = self.norm1(x)
- x = self.act1(x)
- x = self.maxpool(x)
- # Residual layers
- x = self.layer1(x)
- x = self.layer2(x)
- x = self.layer3(x)
- x = self.layer4(x)
- # Pooling and fully connected layers
- x = self.avgpool(x)
- x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
- x = self.dropout(x)
- # Real and Imaginary outputs
- re = self.fc_amp(x)
- im = self.fc_phase(x)
- re_out = re.view(B, self.tx, -1)
- im_out = im.view(B, self.tx, -1)
- return re_out, im_out
- def _initialize_weights(self):
- for m in self.modules():
- if isinstance(m, (nn.Conv2d, nn.Linear)):
- nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode="fan_out", nonlinearity="relu")
- if m.bias is not None:
- nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
- elif isinstance(m, (nn.GroupNorm, nn.InstanceNorm2d, nn.BatchNorm2d)):
- nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
- nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
- class GradNet(nn.Module):
- def __init__(
- self,
- cfg,
- input_dim=1,
- output_dim=4,
- dropout=0.5,
- norm="group",
- act="swish",
- block=[3, 4, 6, 3],
- ):
- super(GradNet, self).__init__()
- self.cfg = cfg
- self.in_channels = 64
- # Initial convolutional layer
- self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(
- input_dim, self.in_channels, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3, bias=False
- )
- self.norm1 = _get_norm_layer(self.in_channels, norm)
- self.act1 = _get_act_layer(act)
- self.maxpool = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1)
- # Define layers using the Bottleneck block
- self.layer1 = self._make_layer(
- Bottleneck,
- 64,
- blocks=block[0],
- dropout=dropout,
- stride=1,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- )
- self.layer2 = self._make_layer(
- Bottleneck,
- 128,
- blocks=block[1],
- dropout=dropout,
- stride=2,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- )
- self.layer3 = self._make_layer(
- Bottleneck,
- 256,
- blocks=block[2],
- dropout=dropout,
- stride=2,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- )
- self.layer4 = self._make_layer(
- Bottleneck,
- 512,
- blocks=block[3],
- dropout=dropout,
- stride=1,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- )
- # Global average pooling
- self.avgpool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1, 1))
- # Fully connected layers for amplitude and phase
- self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
- self.fc_1 = nn.Linear(512 * Bottleneck.expansion, 512)
- self.fc_norm1 = _get_norm_layer(512, norm, is_fc=True)
- self.fc_act1 = _get_act_layer(act)
- self.fc_2 = nn.Linear(512, 128)
- self.fc_norm2 = _get_norm_layer(128, norm, is_fc=True)
- self.fc_act2 = _get_act_layer(act)
- self.fc_3 = nn.Linear(128, 32)
- self.fc_norm3 = _get_norm_layer(32, norm, is_fc=True)
- self.fc_act3 = _get_act_layer(act)
- self.fc_grad = nn.Linear(32, output_dim)
- self.fc_grad_act = nn.Sigmoid()
- # Initialize weights
- self._initialize_weights()
- def _make_layer(
- self, block, planes, blocks, dropout=0.5, stride=1, norm="group", act="swish"
- ):
- downsample = None
- out_channels = planes * block.expansion
- if stride != 1 or self.in_channels != out_channels:
- downsample = nn.Sequential(
- nn.Conv2d(
- self.in_channels,
- out_channels,
- kernel_size=1,
- stride=stride,
- bias=False,
- ),
- _get_norm_layer(out_channels, norm),
- )
- layers = []
- layers.append(
- block(
- self.in_channels,
- out_channels,
- stride,
- downsample,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- dropout_rate=dropout,
- )
- )
- self.in_channels = out_channels
- for _ in range(1, blocks):
- layers.append(
- block(
- self.in_channels,
- out_channels,
- norm=norm,
- act=act,
- dropout_rate=dropout,
- )
- )
- return nn.Sequential(*layers)
- def forward(self, x):
- # Initial layers
- x = self.conv1(x)
- x = self.norm1(x)
- x = self.act1(x)
- x = self.maxpool(x)
- # Residual layers
- x = self.layer1(x)
- x = self.layer2(x)
- x = self.layer3(x)
- x = self.layer4(x)
- # Pooling and fully connected layers
- x = self.avgpool(x)
- x = torch.flatten(x, 1)
- x = self.dropout(x)
- # Real and Imaginary outputs
- x = self.fc_1(x)
- x = self.fc_norm1(x)
- x = self.fc_act1(x)
- x = self.fc_2(x)
- x = self.fc_norm2(x)
- x = self.fc_act2(x)
- x = self.fc_3(x)
- x = self.fc_norm3(x)
- x = self.fc_act3(x)
- x = self.fc_grad(x)
- ktraj = self.fc_grad_act(x)
- gx, gy, gz = generate_spiral_trajectory_gradients(ktraj, self.cfg)
- return gx, gy, gz
- def _initialize_weights(self):
- for m in self.modules():
- if isinstance(m, (nn.Conv2d, nn.Linear)):
- nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight, mode="fan_out", nonlinearity="relu")
- if m.bias is not None:
- nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
- elif isinstance(
- m, (nn.GroupNorm, nn.InstanceNorm2d, nn.BatchNorm2d, nn.LayerNorm)
- ):
- nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 1)
- nn.init.constant_(m.bias, 0)
- class SelExNet(nn.Module):
- def __init__(self, cfg):
- super(SelExNet, self).__init__()
- self.rfnet = RFNet(
- input_dim=cfg.model.in_dim,
- output_dim=cfg.model.rf_output_dim,
- tx=cfg.magnet.tx,
- dropout=cfg.train.dropout,
- norm=cfg.model.norm,
- act=cfg.model.act,
- block=cfg.model.block,
- )
- if cfg.train.joint:
- self.gnet = GradNet(
- cfg,
- input_dim=cfg.model.in_dim,
- output_dim=cfg.model.grad_output_dim,
- dropout=cfg.train.dropout,
- norm=cfg.model.norm,
- act=cfg.model.act,
- block=cfg.model.block,
- )
- def forward(self, x):
- rf_re, rf_im = self.rfnet(x)
- if not hasattr(self, "gnet"):
- return rf_re, rf_im, None, None, None
- gx, gy, gz = self.gnet(x)
- return rf_re, rf_im, gx, gy, gz
model.py at commit ef28e27, no license · at the source
Overview
- Physical Sciences Platform Sunnybrook Research Institute Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Siemens Healthcare Limited Oakville Ontario Canada
Abstract
The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.
Repository
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 4 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
chiew-group/SelExNet
ef28e2706b41325f09c90d603f15dca2a2101dc9, 13 September 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
- 28 September 2026: the link answers
12 files
- finetune.py, Python, 260 lines, 1 match
- main.py, Python, 202 lines, 1 match
- src/
selexnet/ , Python, 1 line__init__.py - src/
selexnet/ , Python, 321 linesblochsim.py - src/
selexnet/ , Python, 216 linesdataset.py - src/
selexnet/ , Python, 41 linesddp.py - src/
selexnet/ , Python, 70 linesdeterminism.py - src/
selexnet/ , Python, 562 lines, 1 matchmodel.py - src/
selexnet/ , Python, 722 lines, 1 matchtrain.py - src/
selexnet/ , Python, 1,861 linesutils.py - test_single.py, Python, 264 lines
- README.md, Text, 228 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
Tracing map
Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.
What the map holds:
- 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
- 11 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
- 4 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
- neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.
Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.
Data
No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.
Code and data availability statement
The paper has a code and data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:
- it points to the authors' code: chiew-group/
SelExNet
Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1002/mrm.70431.
Versions
The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.
Version 2, 28 September 2026
- Publisher: n/a → Wiley
Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 6 authors, 6 keywords, 7 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 55 references.
Cite
This paper
Xiao, Y., Rock, J., Wu, Z., Near, J., Chiew, M., & Graham, S. J. (2026). SelExNet: A Self-Supervised Physics-Informed Framework for Multi-Channel Joint RF and Gradient Waveform Optimization in 2D Spatially Selective Excitation. Magnetic resonance in medicine, 96(3), 1219-1234. https://
BibTeX
@article{xiao2026selexne
author = {Xiao, Yuliang and Rock, Jason and Wu, Zhe and Near, Jamie and Chiew, Mark and Graham, Simon J.},
title = {{SelExNet: A Self-Supervised Physics-Informed Framework for Multi-Channel Joint RF and Gradient Waveform Optimization in 2D Spatially Selective Excitation}},
journal = {Magnetic resonance in medicine},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {96},
number = {3},
pages = {1219--1234},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {0740-3194},
doi = {10.1002/
url = {https://
pmid = {42136067},
pmcid = {PMC13327443}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Xiao, Yuliang
AU - Rock, Jason
AU - Wu, Zhe
AU - Near, Jamie
AU - Chiew, Mark
AU - Graham, Simon J.
TI - SelExNet: A Self-Supervised Physics-Informed Framework for Multi-Channel Joint RF and Gradient Waveform Optimization in 2D Spatially Selective Excitation
T2 - Magnetic resonance in medicine
J2 - Magn Reson Med
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 96
IS - 3
SP - 1219
EP - 1234
SN - 0740-3194
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
{
"id": "10.1002/
"type": "article-journal",
"title": "SelExNet: A Self-Supervised Physics-Informed Framework for Multi-Channel Joint RF and Gradient Waveform Optimization in 2D Spatially Selective Excitation",
"container-title": "Magnetic resonance in medicine",
"author": [
{
"family": "Xiao",
"given": "Yuliang"
},
{
"family": "Rock",
"given": "Jason"
},
{
"family": "Wu",
"given": "Zhe"
},
{
"family": "Near",
"given": "Jamie"
},
{
"family": "Chiew",
"given": "Mark"
},
{
"family": "Graham",
"given": "Simon J."
}
],
"container-title-short":
"volume": "96",
"issue": "3",
"page": "1219-1234",
"DOI": "10.1002/
"PMID": "42136067",
"PMCID": "PMC13327443",
"ISSN": "0740-3194",
"publisher": "Wiley",
"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
[
2026,
5,
14
]
]
}
}
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