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Cross-Site Generalization of CNN-Based $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ Mapping in UHF MRI.

Code ↔ Paper

2 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of its authors' code, computed by the harvester (lexical-v1). Click a colored paragraph or line to see its counterpart.

The 2 matches
  1. [1] § Methods › MRI Data Acquisition and Data Processing ↔ Train_Complex_Model_Save_Model.ipynb, lines 40–122 · score 0.63 · imaginary parts, localizer images, Tx channels, split, magnitude, training
  2. [2] § Methods › MRI Data Acquisition and Data Processing ↔ Train_Complex_Model_Save_Model.ipynb, lines 603–744 · score 0.54 · trainable parameters, ADAM, epoch, batch, optimizer, validation

Paper

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The authors' code

Jupyter notebook · 762 lines · 34 KB · no license · 2 matches

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Overview

  1. Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin Germany
  2. Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany
  3. Faculty of Physics and Astronomy Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
  4. Center for Magnetic Resonance Research University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
  5. Institute for Applied Medical Informatics University Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE) Hamburg Germany
  6. Max Planck Research Group MR Physics, Max Planck Institute for Human Development Berlin Germany
Journal: NMR in biomedicine, volume 39, issue 5, article e70263
Dates: received 18 September 2025; accepted 13 February 2026; published online 6 April 2026; in print May 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1002/nbm.70263 · PMID 41937594 · PMCID PMC13051333 · OpenAlex W7150966690
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: structural MRI / diffusion (modality), human (organism), methods / tools (subfield)
Methods: Machine learning, Statistics
Keywords: 7T, B1+ mapping, brain, deep learning, model generalization, model transferability, parallel transmission
MeSH: Brain Mapping*, Convolutional Neural Networks*, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted*, Magnetic Resonance Imaging*, Humans (* major topic)
Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) (SCHM 2677/4‐1, SCHM 2677/5‐1, GRK2260, BIOQIC)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 48 references in the paper

Abstract

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can rapidly predict channel‐wise B1+ maps from 7T localizer images, reducing acquisition time to seconds. This paper investigates if a CNN trained on one site's data can generalize to predict B1+ maps for brain imaging at unseen sites supporting the feasibility of a universal network for subject‐specific B1+‐ mapping. We evaluated a U‐Net CNN cross‐site generalization by training on datasets from two different 7T sites and testing its performance across three 7T sites (1 additional testing site) to assess robustness, adaptability, and generalization. The study design included both commercially same systems and the identical physical hardware unit transported between two sites, enabling a more insightful attribution of performance differences to either hardware issues or dataset‐specific variations.

To assess prediction quality, we examined magnitude/phase images, error maps, correlation plots, Pearson coefficients, and residual spread plots. Quantitative evaluation included RMSE and SSIM scores. Finally, we calculated 4 kT‐points pulses with both on‐site and cross‐site CNNs to evaluate the effectiveness of the obtained B1+ maps for parallel‐transmission (pTx).

While on‐site B1+ transversal magnitude RMSE scores were as low as 3.0% and 3.1% for the two CNNs, their respective transfer yielded 3.6% and 4.1%. The dynamic pTx‐application showed a CV of 6.5% when using B1+ maps predicted by a network trained on its own site. The transfer case, using a map predicted from a network trained on a different site, yielded an increased CV of 13.7%.

Although cross‐site applications introduced larger deviations, the predicted maps remained qualitatively plausible and enabled practical use cases, such as calculating dynamic‐pTx. These findings support the potential of cross‐site training, suggesting CNNs trained at one site may generalize sufficiently to unseen sites without additional adjustments. This strengthens the feasibility of a transferable training approach where a single network could be deployed across different institutions without extensive retraining.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 2 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.

hkimon/B1P_Mapping_CCN

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 28 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: 7d80d9675182f215bbe3e8c16080c05cbc002a27, 23 January 2026
Languages: Jupyter (5)
Size: 7 files, 5 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Data Availability Statement”
Holds: 5 notebooks
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: h5py (5 files), Matplotlib (5 files), NumPy (5 files), Keras (3 files), scikit-image (3 files), scikit-learn (3 files), TensorFlow (3 files), PyTorch (2 files), pandas (1 file), SciPy (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 28 September 2026: the link answers
  • 28 September 2026: the link answers
5 files, not copied: shown from their source

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The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 5 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • 2 matches between paragraphs of the paper and lines of the code (method lexical-v1);
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

Data Availability Statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are openly available in Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18338273. The code used for data processing, model training, and evaluation is available at GitHub at https://github.com/hkimon/B1P_Mapping_CCN.git.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Publisher: — → Wiley

Version 1, 28 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 14 authors, 7 keywords, 5 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 43 references.

Cite

This paper

Hadjikiriakos, K., Krüger, F., Zimmermann, F. F., Grimm, J. A., Schorling, C., Lutz, M., Schmidt, S., Riemann, L. T., Degenhardt, K., Schäffter, T., Ladd, M. E., Metzger, G. J., Aigner, C. S., & Schmitter, S. (2026). Cross-Site Generalization of CNN-Based $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ Mapping in UHF MRI. NMR in biomedicine, 39(5), e70263. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.70263

BibTeX

@article{hadjikiriakos2026cross,
author = {Hadjikiriakos, Kimon and Krüger, Felix and Zimmermann, Felix Frederik and Grimm, Johannes A. and Schorling, Constantin and Lutz, Max and Schmidt, Simon and Riemann, Layla Tabea and Degenhardt, Katja and Schäffter, Tobias and Ladd, Mark E. and Metzger, Gregory J. and Aigner, Christoph Stefan and Schmitter, Sebastian},
title = {{Cross-Site Generalization of CNN-Based \$\$ \{B\}\_1\textasciicircum{}\{+\} \$\$ Mapping in UHF MRI}},
journal = {NMR in biomedicine},
year = {2026},
month = may,
volume = {39},
number = {5},
pages = {e70263},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {0952-3480},
doi = {10.1002/nbm.70263},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.70263},
pmid = {41937594},
pmcid = {PMC13051333}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Hadjikiriakos, Kimon
AU - Krüger, Felix
AU - Zimmermann, Felix Frederik
AU - Grimm, Johannes A.
AU - Schorling, Constantin
AU - Lutz, Max
AU - Schmidt, Simon
AU - Riemann, Layla Tabea
AU - Degenhardt, Katja
AU - Schäffter, Tobias
AU - Ladd, Mark E.
AU - Metzger, Gregory J.
AU - Aigner, Christoph Stefan
AU - Schmitter, Sebastian
TI - Cross-Site Generalization of CNN-Based $$ {B}_1^{+} $$ Mapping in UHF MRI
T2 - NMR in biomedicine
J2 - NMR Biomed
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/05/01
VL - 39
IS - 5
SP - e70263
SN - 0952-3480
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/nbm.70263
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.70263
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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