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Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Cervical Spinal Cord at 3T and Application to Multiple Sclerosis.

Overview

Authors: Benjamin Streichenberger1, Mathieu Santin2, Ludovic de Rochefort3, Quentin Duché1, Catherine Guillemot4, Samira Mchinda3, Stéphane Roche3, Anne Kerbrat1,5, Elise Bannier1,4
  1. EMPENN ERL U1228 Univ Rennes, Inria, CNRS, Inserm, IRISA Rennes France
  2. Center For NeuroImaging Research (CENIR) Paris Brain Institute (ICM) Paris France
  3. Ventio Marseille France
  4. Radiology Department CHU Rennes Rennes France
  5. Neurology Department CHU Rennes Rennes France
Journal: NMR in biomedicine, volume 39, issue 6, article e70296
Dates: received 24 July 2025; accepted 4 April 2026; published online 28 April 2026; in print June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1002/nbm.70296 · PMID 42046862 · PMCID PMC13122293 · OpenAlex W7157068200
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: dead link
Categories: structural MRI / diffusion (modality), human (organism), multiple sclerosis (population)
Methods: Statistics, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: fat‐water separation, multiple sclerosis, quantitative susceptibility mapping, spinal cord
MeSH: Cervical Cord*, Magnetic Resonance Imaging*, Multiple Sclerosis*, Adult, Algorithms, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged (* major topic)
Topic: Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications (Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: RHU PRIMUS; FLI RE4 (QSM‐SPICO); France Sclérose en Plaques; Fondation de l’Avenir (AP‐RM‐24‐008); Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Fondation pour l’aide à la recherche sur la Sclérose en Plaques; Fondation de l’Avenir pour la Recherche Médicale Appliquée
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 37 references in the paper

Abstract

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is an advanced MRI technique that links phase variations to the local tissue susceptibility. In multiple sclerosis (MS), QSM has shown promise in characterizing brain lesions by assessing chronic inflammation and myelin content. However, in the spinal cord (SC), the question remains as to whether QSM can classify MS lesions as demyenilated/remyenilated and detect chronic inflammation. SC QSM poses novel challenges due to the small size, mobility and curvature of the cord, as well as magnetic field inhomogeneities caused by nearby vertebrae and physiological movement. This study compares two QSM processing methods for the SC. One method uses the IDEAL (iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation) algorithm to account for potential fat‐related signal contributions. The second assumes fat has negligible impact. Both approaches employ the PDF (projection into dipole fields) algorithm to remove the background field and the MEDI (morphology enabled dipole inversion) technique for solving the field‐to‐susceptibility inversion. A 2‐sequence MRI protocol was developed to acquire in‐phase (IP) and out‐of‐phase (OOP) QSM data. Eight healthy controls (HC) and twenty MS patients were scanned on a 3T Prisma scanner. We obtained the first high‐resolution axial QSM maps of the cervical SC (C3‐C5), clearly distinguishing gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and MS lesions. Results showed that accounting for fat using IDEAL did not meaningfully improve the estimation of the total magnetic field or the overall quality of QSM maps. These results open up exciting possibilities for SC susceptibility imaging in MS.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

No file of the authors' code could be read here: it is described below, and read at its source.

gitlab.inria.fr/amasson/longiseg4ms

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link is dead, verified on 27 September 2026
Evidence: found in the paper
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: the text, “Methodology for Spinal Cord QSM”
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link is dead
  • 27 September 2026: the link is dead

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

What the map holds:

  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 0 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

No dataset and no data link were found in the paper.

Data Availability Statement

The data can be obtained upon request to the OFSEP Scientific Board (https://www.ofsep.org/en/data‐access (https://www.ofsep.org/en/data-access)).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 2, 28 September 2026

  • Publisher: n/a → Wiley

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 9 authors, 4 keywords, 9 MeSH terms, 7 funders, 37 references.

Cite

This paper

Streichenberger, B., Santin, M., de Rochefort, L., Duché, Q., Guillemot, C., Mchinda, S., Roche, S., Kerbrat, A., & Bannier, E. (2026). Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Cervical Spinal Cord at 3T and Application to Multiple Sclerosis. NMR in biomedicine, 39(6), e70296. https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.70296

BibTeX

@article{streichenberger2026quantitative,
author = {Streichenberger, Benjamin and Santin, Mathieu and de Rochefort, Ludovic and Duché, Quentin and Guillemot, Catherine and Mchinda, Samira and Roche, Stéphane and Kerbrat, Anne and Bannier, Elise},
title = {{Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Cervical Spinal Cord at 3T and Application to Multiple Sclerosis}},
journal = {NMR in biomedicine},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {39},
number = {6},
pages = {e70296},
publisher = {Wiley},
issn = {0952-3480},
doi = {10.1002/nbm.70296},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.70296},
pmid = {42046862},
pmcid = {PMC13122293}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Streichenberger, Benjamin
AU - Santin, Mathieu
AU - de Rochefort, Ludovic
AU - Duché, Quentin
AU - Guillemot, Catherine
AU - Mchinda, Samira
AU - Roche, Stéphane
AU - Kerbrat, Anne
AU - Bannier, Elise
TI - Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of the Cervical Spinal Cord at 3T and Application to Multiple Sclerosis
T2 - NMR in biomedicine
J2 - NMR Biomed
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/01
VL - 39
IS - 6
SP - e70296
SN - 0952-3480
PB - Wiley
DO - 10.1002/nbm.70296
UR - https://doi.org/10.1002/nbm.70296
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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