Complex pectoral-fin-driven locomotion underlies refined visuomotor behavior in the cichlid <i>Astatotilapia burtoni</i>.
The 3 matches
- [1] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Kinematic tracking and analysis ↔ src/cichlid_omr/fin_tracking.py, lines 1–11 · score 0.76 · swim bladder, DeepLabCut, tail point, mouth, tip, mid
- [2] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Kinematic tracking and analysis ↔ notebooks/02_fin_tracking/00_DLC_analyses.ipynb, lines 75–121 · score 0.60 · swim bladder, tail point, tip, mid, tracked
- [3] § STAR★Methods › Method details › Optomotor task with varying bar widths ↔ src/cichlid_omr/random_bar_width.py, lines 40–86 · score 0.55 · bar widths, heading angle, rotated, cichlids, Zebrafish, edges
Paper
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The authors' code
Python · 217 lines · 7.3 KB · MIT · 1 match
- """Helpers for the DeepLabCut fin-tracking analysis (notebooks/02_fin_tracking).
- Coordinate arrays are shaped `(n_frames, n_bodyparts, 2)` with the body-part order
- `mouth, swim_bladder, tail_point_mid, tail_point_tip, left_pect_base, left_pect_tip,
- right_pect_base, right_pect_tip` (swim bladder at index 5, tail mid at index 2).
- """
- import json
- import numpy as np
- import pandas as pd
- def extract_coords_from_results_file(filename):
- """Read a DeepLabCut `.h5` results file into `(bodyparts, coords, likelihoods)`."""
- df = pd.read_hdf(filename)
- index = df.index
- multi_index = df.loc[index[0]].index
- scorer_indices = multi_index.levels[0]
- bodypart_indices = multi_index.levels[1]
- n_frames = len(index)
- n_bodyparts = len(bodypart_indices)
- coords = np.ones((n_frames, n_bodyparts, 2)) * np.nan
- likelihoods = np.ones((n_frames, n_bodyparts)) * np.nan
- for i, _idx in enumerate(index):
- for j, bodypart in enumerate(bodypart_indices):
- coords[i, j, 0] = df.loc[i][scorer_indices[0]][bodypart]["x"]
- coords[i, j, 1] = df.loc[i][scorer_indices[0]][bodypart]["y"]
- likelihoods[i, j] = df.loc[i][scorer_indices[0]][bodypart]["likelihood"]
- return bodypart_indices, coords, likelihoods
- def extract_coords_from_centroid_file(filename):
- """Read an `X`/`Y` centroid `.csv` into an `(n_frames, 2)` array."""
- df = pd.read_csv(filename)
- index = df.index
- n_frames = len(index)
- coords = np.ones((n_frames, 2)) * np.nan
- for i, _idx in enumerate(index):
- coords[i, 0] = df.loc[i]["X"]
- coords[i, 1] = df.loc[i]["Y"]
- return coords
- def center_coords(coords):
- """Translate all body parts so the swim bladder (index 5) sits at the origin."""
- swim_bladder_coords = coords[:, 5][:, np.newaxis]
- coords_centered = coords - swim_bladder_coords
- return coords_centered
- def calculate_heading_angle(coords, discontinuity_threshold=None):
- """Heading angle (radians, unwrapped) from the tail-mid body part (index 2)."""
- heading_angle = np.arctan2(coords[:, 2, 1], coords[:, 2, 0])[:, np.newaxis]
- heading_angle = np.unwrap(heading_angle, discont=discontinuity_threshold, axis=0)
- return heading_angle
- def rotate_coords(coords, rotation_angle):
- """Rotate every frame's coordinates by `rotation_angle` (radians)."""
- normalized_coords = np.stack(
- [
- coords[:, :, 0] * np.cos(rotation_angle) - coords[:, :, 1] * np.sin(rotation_angle),
- coords[:, :, 1] * np.cos(rotation_angle) + coords[:, :, 0] * np.sin(rotation_angle),
- ],
- axis=2,
- )
- return normalized_coords
- class NumpyEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
- """JSON encoder that serialises numpy scalars and arrays."""
- def default(self, obj):
- if isinstance(
- obj,
- (
- np.int_,
- np.intc,
- np.intp,
- np.int8,
- np.int16,
- np.int32,
- np.int64,
- np.uint8,
- np.uint16,
- np.uint32,
- np.uint64,
- ),
- ):
- return int(obj)
- elif isinstance(obj, (np.float16, np.float32, np.float64)):
- return float(obj)
- elif isinstance(obj, (np.ndarray,)):
- return obj.tolist()
- return json.JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)
- def detect_bouts(data, bout_threshold, window_size):
- """Return a boolean mask marking frames within a swim bout.
- A bout starts when the signal deviates by more than `bout_threshold` from a running
- extremum and ends after `window_size` frames without a further deviation.
- """
- min_value = np.inf
- max_value = -np.inf
- find_max = True
- bout_detected = np.zeros(len(data)).astype(bool)
- bout_counter = 0
- prev_value = None
- bout = False
- for index, value in enumerate(data):
- if value > max_value:
- max_value = value
- if value < min_value:
- min_value = value
- if bout:
- if not find_max and value > min_value + bout_threshold:
- max_value = value
- if not find_max:
- find_max = True
- elif find_max and value < max_value - bout_threshold:
- min_value = value
- if find_max:
- find_max = False
- if np.abs(value - prev_value) > bout_threshold:
- bout_counter = 0
- else:
- bout_counter += 1
- else:
- if value > min_value + bout_threshold or value < max_value - bout_threshold:
- bout = True
- bout_counter = 0
- if value < max_value - bout_threshold:
- find_max = False
- if bout_counter > window_size:
- min_value = np.inf
- max_value = -np.inf
- bout = False
- find_max = True
- bout_counter = 0
- prev_value = value
- bout_detected[index] = bout
- return bout_detected
- def detect_peaks2(data, delta, x=None):
- """Peak/trough detection (Billauer's algorithm); returns `(minima, maxima)` tables."""
- maxtab = []
- mintab = []
- if x is None:
- x = np.arange(len(data))
- data = np.asarray(data)
- mn, mx = np.inf, -np.inf
- mnpos, mxpos = np.nan, np.nan
- lookformax = True
- for i in np.arange(len(data)):
- this = data[i]
- if this > mx:
- mx = this
- mxpos = x[i]
- if this < mn:
- mn = this
- mnpos = x[i]
- if lookformax:
- if this < mx - delta:
- maxtab.append((mxpos, mx))
- mn = this
- mnpos = x[i]
- lookformax = False
- else:
- if this > mn + delta:
- mintab.append((mnpos, mn))
- mx = this
- mxpos = x[i]
- lookformax = True
- maxtab = np.array(maxtab)
- mintab = np.array(mintab)
- return mintab, maxtab
- def calculate_frequency_from_peaks(data, data_length, framerate, half_cycles=False):
- """Expand peak indices `data` into a per-frame frequency trace (Hz)."""
- new_data = np.zeros(data_length)
- for peak0, peak1 in zip(data[:-1], data[1:], strict=False):
- frequency = framerate / ((1 + int(half_cycles)) * (peak1 - peak0))
- new_data[peak0:peak1] = frequency
- new_data[-1] = frequency
- return new_data
- def calculate_continuous_inter_peak_interval(data, data_length):
- """Expand peak indices `data` into a per-frame inter-peak-interval trace."""
- new_data = np.zeros(data_length)
- for peak0, peak1 in zip(data[:-1], data[1:], strict=False):
- ipi = peak1 - peak0
- new_data[peak0:peak1] = ipi
- new_data[data[-1] :] = ipi
- return new_data
- def check_bout_starts_ends(bouts, bout_starts, bout_ends):
- """Pad `bout_starts`/`bout_ends` so they pair up when a bout runs past a signal edge."""
- if len(bout_starts) != len(bout_ends):
- if bout_starts[0] > bout_ends[0]:
- bout_starts = np.insert(bout_starts, 0, 0)
- bouts, bout_starts, bout_ends = check_bout_starts_ends(bouts, bout_starts, bout_ends)
- if bout_starts[-1] > bout_ends[-1]:
- bout_ends = np.append(bout_ends, len(bouts))
- bouts, bout_starts, bout_ends = check_bout_starts_ends(bouts, bout_starts, bout_ends)
- return bouts, bout_starts, bout_ends
fin_tracking.py at commit 3672765, under MIT · at the source
Overview
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Scarborough, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübigen, Tübigen, Germany
- Natural Science Division, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA
Abstract
The optomotor response (OMR) is a conserved visuomotor reflex that stabilizes position during optic flow. The OMR has been extensively studied in zebrafish but examined in detail in only a small number of other fish species. Here, we characterize the OMR in larval cichlids (Astatotilapia burtoni). Using high-resolution behavioral assays, we reveal striking species differences in alignment accuracy, speed matching, and swimming kinematics. While zebrafish employ discrete tail-driven swims and stepwise turns, cichlids exhibit continuous swimming, dynamic pivot maneuvers, and backward locomotion powered by complex pectoral fin movements (labriform swimming). Local contrast analyses indicate inverted, species-specific visual feature tuning for the OMR. These results, together with a prior report of similar prey-capture kinematics between these species, highlight the modularity of evolved visuomotor specializations. Together, our results establish larval cichlid optomotor behavior as a tractable system for elucidating how evolutionary history and ecological demands shape neural circuits to produce diverse solutions to a highly conserved visuomotor behavior.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Repositories
Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above, with 3 matches between paragraphs and lines of code.
Zenodo 21463359
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
- 27 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
33 files
- dlc/
analyze_videos.py , Python, 55 lines - dlc/
convert_mp4_to_avi.py , Python, 33 lines - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 179 lines00_process_raw_data.ipyn b - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 539 lines01_process_trial_data.ip ynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 260 lines02_plot_direction_over_t rial_data.ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 818 lines03_plot_speed_ratio_from _trial_data.ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 483 lines04_plot_trial_duration_d ata.ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 188 lines05_plot_thigmotaxis_data .ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 1,112 lines06_plot_exit_entrance_pd f.ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 526 lines07_plot_individual_fish_ trajectory_and_data.ipyn b - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 35 lines08_cycles_per_degree_cal c.ipynb - notebooks/
01_random_bar_widths/ , Jupyter, 650 lines00_random_bar_widths_sti mulus_over_fish.ipynb - notebooks/
02_fin_tracking/ , Jupyter, 3,471 lines00_DLC_analyses.ipynb - notebooks/
02_fin_tracking/ , Jupyter, 68 lines01_DLC_analysis_total_vi deo_time_analyzed.ipynb - notebooks/
02_fin_tracking/ , Jupyter, 185 lines02_cross_correlations.ip ynb - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 149 lines00_process_raw_data.ipyn b - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 285 lines01_process_trial_data.ip ynb - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 100 lines02_process_individual_pl ots.ipynb - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 1,171 lines03_plot_habituation_data .ipynb - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 289 lines04_plot_individual_fish_ trajectory_and_data.ipyn b - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 18 lines__init__.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 46 linesconfig.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 329 linesfigures.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 217 linesfin_tracking.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 144 linesio.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 43 linesplotting.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 1,691 linesrandom_bar_width.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 151 linessignal.py - stats/
anova_common.R , R, 97 lines - stats/
swim_gain_three-way-anov , R, 8 linesa.R - stats/
trial_duration_three-way , R, 8 lines-anova.R - LICENSE, License, 9 lines
- README.md, Text, 83 lines
ncguilbeault/cichlid_omr_analysis
36727650834d019e61e3d06f11f1bff93c1f2f68, 20 July 2026Availability: 1 check, the latest on 27 September 2026: the link answers
- 27 September 2026: the link answers
33 files
- dlc/
analyze_videos.py , Python, 55 lines - dlc/
convert_mp4_to_avi.py , Python, 33 lines - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 179 lines00_process_raw_data.ipyn b - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 539 lines01_process_trial_data.ip ynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 260 lines02_plot_direction_over_t rial_data.ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 818 lines03_plot_speed_ratio_from _trial_data.ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 483 lines04_plot_trial_duration_d ata.ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 188 lines05_plot_thigmotaxis_data .ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 1,112 lines06_plot_exit_entrance_pd f.ipynb - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 526 lines07_plot_individual_fish_ trajectory_and_data.ipyn b - notebooks/
00_standard_OMR/ , Jupyter, 35 lines08_cycles_per_degree_cal c.ipynb - notebooks/
01_random_bar_widths/ , Jupyter, 650 lines00_random_bar_widths_sti mulus_over_fish.ipynb - notebooks/
02_fin_tracking/ , Jupyter, 3,471 lines, 1 match00_DLC_analyses.ipynb - notebooks/
02_fin_tracking/ , Jupyter, 68 lines01_DLC_analysis_total_vi deo_time_analyzed.ipynb - notebooks/
02_fin_tracking/ , Jupyter, 185 lines02_cross_correlations.ip ynb - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 149 lines00_process_raw_data.ipyn b - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 285 lines01_process_trial_data.ip ynb - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 100 lines02_process_individual_pl ots.ipynb - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 1,171 lines03_plot_habituation_data .ipynb - notebooks/
03_habituation/ , Jupyter, 289 lines04_plot_individual_fish_ trajectory_and_data.ipyn b - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 18 lines__init__.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 46 linesconfig.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 329 linesfigures.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 217 lines, 1 matchfin_tracking.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 144 linesio.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 43 linesplotting.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 1,691 lines, 1 matchrandom_bar_width.py - src/
cichlid_omr/ , Python, 151 linessignal.py - stats/
anova_common.R , R, 97 lines - stats/
swim_gain_three-way-anov , R, 8 linesa.R - stats/
trial_duration_three-way , R, 8 lines-anova.R - LICENSE, License, 9 lines
- README.md, Text, 85 lines
The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.
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Version 2, 28 September 2026
- Authors: added Scott A. Juntti (0000-0001-7634-1395); removed Scott A. Juntti
Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 8 authors, 6 keywords, 4 funders, 67 references.
Cite
This paper
Guilbeault, N. C., Westbrook, M. E., Krishna, V. S., Ansari, R., Keth, A., Arrenberg, A. B., Juntti, S. A., & Thiele, T. R. (2026). Complex pectoral-fin-driven locomotion underlies refined visuomotor behavior in the cichlid &
BibTeX
@article{guilbeault2026c
author = {Guilbeault, Nicholas C. and Westbrook, Molly E. and Krishna, Venkatesh S. and Ansari, Rida and Keth, Alexander and Arrenberg, Aristides B. and Juntti, Scott A. and Thiele, Tod R.},
title = {{Complex pectoral-fin-driven locomotion underlies refined visuomotor behavior in the cichlid \&
journal = {iScience},
year = {2026},
month = aug,
volume = {29},
number = {9},
pages = {117136},
publisher = {Elsevier},
issn = {2589-0042},
doi = {10.1016/
url = {https://
pmid = {42662783},
pmcid = {PMC13520728}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Guilbeault, Nicholas C.
AU - Westbrook, Molly E.
AU - Krishna, Venkatesh S.
AU - Ansari, Rida
AU - Keth, Alexander
AU - Arrenberg, Aristides B.
AU - Juntti, Scott A.
AU - Thiele, Tod R.
TI - Complex pectoral-fin-driven locomotion underlies refined visuomotor behavior in the cichlid &
T2 - iScience
J2 - iScience
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 29
IS - 9
SP - 117136
SN - 2589-0042
PB - Elsevier
DO - 10.1016/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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