Abnormal left prefrontal N100 and its relationship with fronto-limbic metabolism in major depressive disorder.
Overview
- Precision Depression Intervention Center (PreDIC), Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
- Temerty Centre for Therapeutic Brain Intervention, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, 108-8329 Japan
Abstract
Dysfunction within inhibitory GABAergic systems is implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). The N100, a transcranial magnetic stimulation-evoked potential (TEP), reflects inhibitory neural processes mediated by GABA-B receptors. Yet, the relationship between the N100, stress levels, and cerebral glucose metabolism in MDD remains under-investigated. We sought to elucidate the fundamental processes of frontal inhibitory function by examining the left prefrontal N100 in patients with MDD and healthy controls (HCs). Sixty-six patients with MDD and 20 HCs were recruited; the N100 component was derived from single-pulse TEPs targeting the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Patients were stratified into low-severity (score ≤ 16) and high-severity (score ≥17) groups based on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17). Cerebral metabolic activity was estimated using 18F-FDG PET standardized uptake values (SUVs). N100 amplitudes were significantly greater in the low-severity depression group compared to HCs (p = 0.002) and exhibited a positive correlation with daily life stress exclusively in HCs (r = 0.653, p = 0.002). In the MDD group, higher N100 amplitudes were associated with increased SUVs in the prefrontal cortex (p = 0.037) and inversely correlated with SUVs in the right middle temporal cortex, right inferior parietal cortex, and middle cingulum (SVC-corrected p < 0.05). Furthermore, N100 amplitudes correlated positively with the number of treatment failures specifically in the non-treatment-resistant depression (nTRD) subgroup. These data indicate that the N100 is significantly associated with depression severity and may represent a dynamic, compensatory neurophysiological mechanism aiming to restore the excitatory/
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Code
The paper says that its authors' code is available on request: it was not published with the paper, so there is nothing to verify.
Code availability
The custom MATLAB scripts used for EEG analysis in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Data
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Data availability
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Versions
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 11 authors, 2 keywords, 16 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 41 references.
Cite
This paper
Lin, S.-W., Wang, Y.-F., Lin, H.-C., Juan, C.-H., Yang, B.-H., Romorodi, R., Noda, Y., Cheng, C.-M., Jeng, J.-S., Bai, Y.-M., & Li, C.-T. (2026). Abnormal left prefrontal N100 and its relationship with fronto-limbic metabolism in major depressive disorder. Translational psychiatry, 16(1), 398. https://
BibTeX
@article{lin2026abnormal
author = {Lin, Shin-Wei and Wang, Yuh-Feng and Lin, Hui-Ching and Juan, Chi-Hung and Yang, Bang-Hung and Romorodi, Reza and Noda, Yoshihiro and Cheng, Chih-Ming and Jeng, Jia-Shyun and Bai, Ya-Mei and Li, Cheng-Ta},
title = {{Abnormal left prefrontal N100 and its relationship with fronto-limbic metabolism in major depressive disorder}},
journal = {Translational psychiatry},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {398},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2158-3188},
doi = {10.1038/
url = {https://
pmid = {42236682},
pmcid = {PMC13448670}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Lin, Shin-Wei
AU - Wang, Yuh-Feng
AU - Lin, Hui-Ching
AU - Juan, Chi-Hung
AU - Yang, Bang-Hung
AU - Romorodi, Reza
AU - Noda, Yoshihiro
AU - Cheng, Chih-Ming
AU - Jeng, Jia-Shyun
AU - Bai, Ya-Mei
AU - Li, Cheng-Ta
TI - Abnormal left prefrontal N100 and its relationship with fronto-limbic metabolism in major depressive disorder
T2 - Translational psychiatry
J2 - Transl Psychiatry
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 398
SN - 2158-3188
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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"id": "10.1038/
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"container-title": "Translational psychiatry",
"author": [
{
"family": "Lin",
"given": "Shin-Wei"
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"URL": "https://
"language": "en",
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