Decomposing neuroanatomical heterogeneity in depression: insights from an ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group study in 5146 individuals.

1. Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
2. Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, University Psychiatric Clinics (UPK) Basel, Basel, Switzerland
3. Experimental Cognitive and Clinical Affective Neuroscience (ECAN) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
4. Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
5. Department of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
6. Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
7. University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
8. Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
9. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
10. Institute of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
11. Department of Biomedical Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL USA
12. Service Hospitalo-Universitaire de Psychiatrie de Bicêtre, Mood Center Paris Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Saclay, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
13. MOODS Team, INSERM 1018, CESP (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations), Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
14. Institute for Molecular Bioscience, the University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD Australia
15. Sorbonne University, Paris Brain Institute - ICM, CNRS, Inria, Inserm, AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
16. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
17. Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
18. Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
19. Department of Psychology, School of Health and Psychological Sciences, City St George’s, University of London, London, UK
20. Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
21. Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
22. Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
23. Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
24. Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
25. Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
26. FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
27. CIBERSAM, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
28. Department of Psychiatry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
29. Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
30. Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience and Imaging in Psychiatry (SNIP-Lab), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
31. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
32. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
33. Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
34. Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
35. Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
36. Brain and Mind Center, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
37. Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
38. Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Neurosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
39. Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
40. Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
41. Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
42. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
43. Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD Australia
44. Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
45. Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
46. School of Behavioral Health Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
47. Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis A. Faillace, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX USA
48. Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
49. Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
50. GGZinGeest, Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
51. Amsterdam Neuroscience, Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Sleep & Stress program, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
52. Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
53. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
54. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
55. Consorci Sanitari del Maresme, Barcelona, Spain
56. Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
57. Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
58. West Region, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
59. Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
60. Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
61. SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
62. Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging and Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA USA
63. Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
64. Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
65. German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Halle-Jena-Magdeburg, Germany
66. Orygen, Parkville, Australia
67. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
68. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
69. Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
70. National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA

@article{sempach2026decomposing,
author = {Sempach, Lukas and Ulrich, Sarah and Bauduin, Stéphanie E E C and Bauer, Jochen and Benedetti, Francesco and Berger, Klaus and Besteher, Bianca and Bülow, Robin and Connolly, Colm G and Corruble, Emmanuelle and Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste and Cullen, Kathryn R and Dannlowski, Udo and Davey, Christopher G and Dima, Danai and Dols, Annemiek and Evans, Jennifer W and Fu, Cynthia and Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola and Gonul, Ali Saffet and Gotlib, Ian H and Goya-Maldonado, Roberto and Grabe, Hans J and Groenewold, Nynke A and Grotegerd, Dominik and Gruber, Oliver and Hahn, Tim and Hamilton, J Paul and Han, Laura K M and Harrison, Ben J and Hatton, Sean N and Hermesdorf, Marco and Hickie, Ian B and Ho, Tiffany C and Hubbert, Julia M and Jahanshad, Neda and Jamalabadi, Hamidreza and Jamieson, Alec J and Jurischka, Christoph and Jüllig, Antonia and Kamishikiryo, Toshiharu and Kircher, Tilo and Koopowitz, Sheri-Michelle and Krämer, Bernd and Kraus, Anna and Krieger, Judith and Krug, Axel and Lagopoulos, Jim and Li, Meng and McIntosh, Andrew and Meinert, Susanne and Melloni, Elisa M T and Mwangi, Benson and Nenadic, Igor and Ojha, Amar and Okada, Go and Oudega, Mardien L and Penninx, Brenda W J H and Poletti, Sara and Pomarol-Clotet, Edith and Portella, Maria J and Reneman, Liesbeth and Rodriguez-Cano, Elena and Sacchet, Matthew and Salvador, Raymond and Schrantee, Anouk and Shinzato, Hotaka and Sim, Kang and Slump, Theresa M and Soares, Jair C and Stein, Dan J and Stein, Frederike and Teutenberg, Lea and Thomas-Odenthal, Florian and Thomopoulos, Sophia I and van der Wee, Nic J A and van der Werff, Steven J A and Völzke, Henry and Walter, Martin and Whalley, Heather C and Whittle, Sarah and Wittfeld, Katharina and Wu, Mon-Ju and Yang, Tony T and Zarate, Carlos and Zunta-Soares, Giovana B and Thompson, Paul M and Veltman, Dick J and Pozzi, Elena and Schmaal, Lianne and Schmidt, André},
title = {{Decomposing neuroanatomical heterogeneity in depression: insights from an ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group study in 5146 individuals}},
journal = {Translational psychiatry},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {452},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2158-3188},
doi = {10.1038/s41398-026-04189-x},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04189-x},
pmid = {42337246},
pmcid = {PMC13547417}
}

TY - JOUR
AU - Sempach, Lukas
AU - Ulrich, Sarah
AU - Bauduin, Stéphanie E E C
AU - Bauer, Jochen
AU - Benedetti, Francesco
AU - Berger, Klaus
AU - Besteher, Bianca
AU - Bülow, Robin
AU - Connolly, Colm G
AU - Corruble, Emmanuelle
AU - Couvy-Duchesne, Baptiste
AU - Cullen, Kathryn R
AU - Dannlowski, Udo
AU - Davey, Christopher G
AU - Dima, Danai
AU - Dols, Annemiek
AU - Evans, Jennifer W
AU - Fu, Cynthia
AU - Fuentes-Claramonte, Paola
AU - Gonul, Ali Saffet
AU - Gotlib, Ian H
AU - Goya-Maldonado, Roberto
AU - Grabe, Hans J
AU - Groenewold, Nynke A
AU - Grotegerd, Dominik
AU - Gruber, Oliver
AU - Hahn, Tim
AU - Hamilton, J Paul
AU - Han, Laura K M
AU - Harrison, Ben J
AU - Hatton, Sean N
AU - Hermesdorf, Marco
AU - Hickie, Ian B
AU - Ho, Tiffany C
AU - Hubbert, Julia M
AU - Jahanshad, Neda
AU - Jamalabadi, Hamidreza
AU - Jamieson, Alec J
AU - Jurischka, Christoph
AU - Jüllig, Antonia
AU - Kamishikiryo, Toshiharu
AU - Kircher, Tilo
AU - Koopowitz, Sheri-Michelle
AU - Krämer, Bernd
AU - Kraus, Anna
AU - Krieger, Judith
AU - Krug, Axel
AU - Lagopoulos, Jim
AU - Li, Meng
AU - McIntosh, Andrew
AU - Meinert, Susanne
AU - Melloni, Elisa M T
AU - Mwangi, Benson
AU - Nenadic, Igor
AU - Ojha, Amar
AU - Okada, Go
AU - Oudega, Mardien L
AU - Penninx, Brenda W J H
AU - Poletti, Sara
AU - Pomarol-Clotet, Edith
AU - Portella, Maria J
AU - Reneman, Liesbeth
AU - Rodriguez-Cano, Elena
AU - Sacchet, Matthew
AU - Salvador, Raymond
AU - Schrantee, Anouk
AU - Shinzato, Hotaka
AU - Sim, Kang
AU - Slump, Theresa M
AU - Soares, Jair C
AU - Stein, Dan J
AU - Stein, Frederike
AU - Teutenberg, Lea
AU - Thomas-Odenthal, Florian
AU - Thomopoulos, Sophia I
AU - van der Wee, Nic J A
AU - van der Werff, Steven J A
AU - Völzke, Henry
AU - Walter, Martin
AU - Whalley, Heather C
AU - Whittle, Sarah
AU - Wittfeld, Katharina
AU - Wu, Mon-Ju
AU - Yang, Tony T
AU - Zarate, Carlos
AU - Zunta-Soares, Giovana B
AU - Thompson, Paul M
AU - Veltman, Dick J
AU - Pozzi, Elena
AU - Schmaal, Lianne
AU - Schmidt, André
TI - Decomposing neuroanatomical heterogeneity in depression: insights from an ENIGMA major depressive disorder working group study in 5146 individuals
T2 - Translational psychiatry
J2 - Transl Psychiatry
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/23
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 452
SN - 2158-3188
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41398-026-04189-x
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04189-x
LA - en
ER -

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