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Inferring relationships among major psychiatric disorders in a resting-state functional connectivity-informed embedding space.

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Paper

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The authors' code

Python · 33 lines · 1.2 KB · no license

  1. from scipy import linalg
  2. def calculate_frechet_distance(mu1, sigma1, mu2, sigma2, eps=1e-6):
  3. mu1 = np.atleast_1d(mu1)
  4. mu2 = np.atleast_1d(mu2)
  5. sigma1 = np.atleast_2d(sigma1)
  6. sigma2 = np.atleast_2d(sigma2)
  7. assert mu1.shape == mu2.shape, "Training and test mean vectors have different lengths"
  8. assert sigma1.shape == sigma2.shape, "Training and test covariances have different dimensions"
  9. diff = mu1 - mu2
  10. # product might be almost singular
  11. covmean, _ = linalg.sqrtm(sigma1.dot(sigma2), disp=False)
  12. if not np.isfinite(covmean).all():
  13. msg = "fid calculation produces singular product; adding %s to diagonal of cov estimates" % eps
  14. warnings.warn(msg)
  15. offset = np.eye(sigma1.shape[0]) * eps
  16. covmean = linalg.sqrtm((sigma1 + offset).dot(sigma2 + offset))
  17. # numerical error might give slight imaginary component
  18. if np.iscomplexobj(covmean):
  19. if not np.allclose(np.diagonal(covmean).imag, 0, atol=1e-3):
  20. m = np.max(np.abs(covmean.imag))
  21. raise ValueError("Imaginary component {}".format(m))
  22. covmean = covmean.real
  23. tr_covmean = np.trace(covmean)
  24. return diff.dot(diff) + np.trace(sigma1) + np.trace(sigma2) - 2 * tr_covmean

fid.py at commit fb2c30b, no license · at the source

Overview

Authors: Wenjun Bai1, Okito Yamashita1,2, Yuki Sakai3, Junichiro Yoshimoto1,4,5
  1. Department of Computational Brain Imaging, Advanced Telecommunication Research Institute International (ATR),Kyoto, Japan
  2. Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN,Tokyo, Japan
  3. Department of Neural Computation for Decision Making, Advanced Telecommunication Research Institute International (ATR),Kyoto, Japan
  4. Department of Biomedical Data Science, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University,Aichi, Japan
  5. International Center for Brain Science, Fujita Health University,Aichi, Japan
Journal: NPJ systems biology and applications, volume 12, issue 1, article 82
Dates: received 11 June 2025; accepted 23 March 2026; published online 6 April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y · PMID 41942500 · PMCID PMC13249975 · OpenAlex W7151100194
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: genetics / omics (modality), fMRI (modality), human (organism), depression (population), autism (population), schizophrenia / psychosis (population), methods / tools (subfield)
Methods: Smoothing, state filtering, decompositions, Connectivity, fMRI & imaging
Keywords: Computational biology and bioinformatics, Systems biology, Neuroscience
MeSH: Major Depressive Disorder*, Mental Disorders*, Algorithms, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Brain, Brain Mapping, Connectome, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Schizophrenia (* major topic)
Topic: Functional Brain Connectivity Studies (Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuroscience), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (JP24dm0307008); Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Japan (JP25wm0625122s0502)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 59 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Repository

Its files are read in the Code ↔ Paper reader above.

LeonBai/rsFC_embedding

License: none: the authors keep all their rights
State: the link answers, verified on 29 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Commit: fb2c30b6e6daa3e2b67383ccc29757faa1cc9f69, 7 June 2024
Languages: Python (2)
Size: 3 files, 2 scripts
Software Heritage: not archived
Found in: “Code availability”
Holds: README
Not found: license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Tools: Keras (1 file), SciPy (1 file), TensorFlow (1 file)
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 29 September 2026: the link answers
  • 29 September 2026: the link answers
3 files

Code availability statement

The paper has a code availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y.

Tracing map

Proposed by the machine: these links were found in the paper and verified at the source, without human review. The map will receive a Zenodo DOI once one of the paper's authors has validated it with their ORCID.

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  • 1 repository of the authors' code, each at its verified commit, with its license and how the link was found in the paper;
  • 2 scripts, each with its path and the digest of its content;
  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
  • neither the text of the paper nor the code itself.

Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

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Data availability statement

The paper has a data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

  • no repository, dataset or request procedure was recognized in it

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y.

Versions

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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 4 authors, 3 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 2 funders, 47 references.

Cite

This paper

Bai, W., Yamashita, O., Sakai, Y., & Yoshimoto, J. (2026). Inferring relationships among major psychiatric disorders in a resting-state functional connectivity-informed embedding space. NPJ systems biology and applications, 12(1), 82. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y

BibTeX

@article{bai2026inferring,
author = {Bai, Wenjun and Yamashita, Okito and Sakai, Yuki and Yoshimoto, Junichiro},
title = {{Inferring relationships among major psychiatric disorders in a resting-state functional connectivity-informed embedding space}},
journal = {NPJ systems biology and applications},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {82},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2056-7189},
doi = {10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y},
pmid = {41942500},
pmcid = {PMC13249975}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Bai, Wenjun
AU - Yamashita, Okito
AU - Sakai, Yuki
AU - Yoshimoto, Junichiro
TI - Inferring relationships among major psychiatric disorders in a resting-state functional connectivity-informed embedding space
T2 - NPJ systems biology and applications
J2 - NPJ Syst Biol Appl
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/06
VL - 12
IS - 1
SP - 82
SN - 2056-7189
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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"id": "10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y",
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"title": "Inferring relationships among major psychiatric disorders in a resting-state functional connectivity-informed embedding space",
"container-title": "NPJ systems biology and applications",
"author": [
{
"family": "Bai",
"given": "Wenjun"
},
{
"family": "Yamashita",
"given": "Okito"
},
{
"family": "Sakai",
"given": "Yuki"
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{
"family": "Yoshimoto",
"given": "Junichiro"
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],
"container-title-short": "NPJ Syst Biol Appl",
"volume": "12",
"issue": "1",
"page": "82",
"DOI": "10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y",
"PMID": "41942500",
"PMCID": "PMC13249975",
"ISSN": "2056-7189",
"publisher": "Nature Publishing Group",
"URL": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41540-026-00699-y",
"language": "en",
"issued": {
"date-parts": [
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2026,
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}
}

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