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A multimodal explainable artificial intelligence framework for interpretable Parkinson's disease prediction.

Overview

Authors: Vaishali Mehta1,2, Balajee Maram3, Jyoti Garg4, Naveen Kumar5, Prakash Tukaram Raut6, Anto Lourdu Xavier Raj Arockia Selvarathinam7, Priya Jindal8
ORCID iDs: Balajee Maram
  1. Research Scholar, SR University,Warangal, Telangana India
  2. Faculty, CSE Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology, Panipat, India
  3. Department of AI & ML, SR University,Warangal, Telangana India
  4. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar deemed to be University, Mullana, Ambala India
  5. Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University,Punjab, India
  6. Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies and Research (SICSR), Symbiosis International (Deemed University),Pune, India
  7. Department of Data Science and Analytics, College of Computing, Grand Valley State University,Michigan, USA
  8. Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University,Punjab, India
Journal: Scientific reports, volume 16, issue 1, article 18143
Dates: received 12 February 2026; accepted 2 April 2026; published online 19 April 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY-NC-ND
Identifiers: DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-47769-z · PMID 42002559 · PMCID PMC13254398 · OpenAlex W7154913005
Open access: gold, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: code verified
Categories: human (organism), Parkinson's (population)
Methods: Statistics, Machine learning, Preprocessing, Connectivity, Physiology & signal measures
Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, Machine learning, Interpretable models, Explainable artificial intelligence, SHAP, LIME, Computational biology and bioinformatics, Diseases, Neurology, Neuroscience
MeSH: Artificial Intelligence*, Parkinson Disease*, Boosting Machine Learning Algorithms, Classification Algorithms, Humans, Machine Learning, Neuroimaging, Prediction Algorithms, Predictive Learning Models, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (* major topic)
Topic: Voice and Speech Disorders (Physiology, Medicine), according to OpenAlex
Funding: Symbiosis International (Deemed University)
Citations: not cited yet (Europe PMC); 43 references in the paper

Abstract

The abstract is not reproduced here: the paper's license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow it. Read it in the paper, at the publisher or on Europe PMC.

Code

No file of the authors' code could be read here: it is described below, and read at its source.

Zenodo 18297490

License: CC-BY-4.0
State: the link answers, verified on 29 September 2026
Evidence: files inventoried
Languages: Jupyter (1)
Size: 1 file, 1 script
Software Heritage: not checked
Found in: “Data availability”
Holds: 1 notebook
Not found: README, license file, CITATION.cff, environment file, tests, continuous integration, documentation
Availability: 1 check, the latest on 29 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)
  • 29 September 2026: the link answers (HTTP 200)

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

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  • no match between paragraphs and code yet;
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Its JSON (tracing-map.json) is deposited on Zenodo with its DOI once the map is validated.

Data

Datasets cited

Code and data availability statement

The paper has a code and data availability statement. Its license (CC BY-NC-ND) does not allow reproducing it here; in short, from what the harvester recognized in it:

Read it in the paper: doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47769-z.

Versions

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Version 1, 29 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 7 authors, 10 keywords, 11 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 37 references.

Cite

This paper

Mehta, V., Maram, B., Garg, J., Kumar, N., Raut, P. T., Selvarathinam, A. L. X. R. A., & Jindal, P. (2026). A multimodal explainable artificial intelligence framework for interpretable Parkinson's disease prediction. Scientific reports, 16(1), 18143. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47769-z

BibTeX

@article{mehta2026multimodal,
author = {Mehta, Vaishali and Maram, Balajee and Garg, Jyoti and Kumar, Naveen and Raut, Prakash Tukaram and Selvarathinam, Anto Lourdu Xavier Raj Arockia and Jindal, Priya},
title = {{A multimodal explainable artificial intelligence framework for interpretable Parkinson's disease prediction}},
journal = {Scientific reports},
year = {2026},
month = apr,
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {18143},
publisher = {Nature Publishing Group},
issn = {2045-2322},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-47769-z},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47769-z},
pmid = {42002559},
pmcid = {PMC13254398}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Mehta, Vaishali
AU - Maram, Balajee
AU - Garg, Jyoti
AU - Kumar, Naveen
AU - Raut, Prakash Tukaram
AU - Selvarathinam, Anto Lourdu Xavier Raj Arockia
AU - Jindal, Priya
TI - A multimodal explainable artificial intelligence framework for interpretable Parkinson's disease prediction
T2 - Scientific reports
J2 - Sci Rep
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/04/19
VL - 16
IS - 1
SP - 18143
SN - 2045-2322
PB - Nature Publishing Group
DO - 10.1038/s41598-026-47769-z
UR - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-47769-z
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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The tracing map gets a citation of its own once an author has validated it and it has a DOI.

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