OSCR

Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment.

Overview

Authors: Matasha Dhar1,2,3,4, Edwin Vázquez-Rosa1,2,3,4, Kalyani Chaubey1,2,3,4, Emiko Miller1,2,3,4,5, Sofia G. Corella1,2,3,4, Suwarna Chakraborty6, Sunil Jamuna Tripathi6, Tapatee Das7, Xudong Liao7, Mohamed Alkassem Alosman7, Hua Fang1,2,3,4,8,9, Yeojung Koh1,2,3,4,10, Preethy S. Sridharan1,2,3,4,5, Kathryn Franke1,2,3,4, Coral J. Cintrón-Pérez1,2,3,4, Adrian A. Cintrón-Pérez1,2,3,4, Taylor Tomco1,2,3,4, Vidya Indrakumar1,2,3,4, Phoebe J. Rubin1,2,3,4,11, Justin G. Pieper1,2,3,4,12
and 12 other authorsLuke A. Ashiku1,2,3,4,13, Min-Kyoo Shin1,2,3,4,14, Xinmiao Tang15, Roshan Padmanabhan16, Hariprakash Haragopal17, Margaret E. Flanagan18,19,20, Rajan Jain21, Bradley D. Winters17, Brigid M. Wilson3,22, Bindu D. Paul6,23,24,25, Mukesh K. Jain26, Andrew A. Pieper1,2,3,4,5,10
26 affiliations
  1. Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
  2. Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
  3. Geriatric Psychiatry, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
  4. Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
  5. Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
  6. Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 44106
  7. Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
  8. Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, OH 44122
  9. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
  10. Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
  11. University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
  12. Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
  13. Cate School, Carpinteria, CA 93013
  14. College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Republic of Korea
  15. Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
  16. Trailhead Biosystems Inc., Beechwood, OH 44122
  17. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272
  18. Glenn Bigg’s Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
  19. Department of Pathology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
  20. Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
  21. Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
  22. Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine in the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
  23. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218
  24. The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218
  25. Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21218
  26. Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
Dates: received 25 December 2024; accepted 18 April 2026; published online 18 June 2026; in print 23 June 2026
Type: Research article · Language: English
License: CC BY
Identifiers: DOI 10.1073/pnas.2426990123 · PMID 42313933 · PMCID PMC13291589 · OpenAlex W7165146683
Open access: hybrid, a free copy (OpenAlex)
Status: data only
Categories: mouse (organism), cellular / molecular (subfield)
Keywords: blood–brain barrier, aging, neurodegeneration, KLF4, endothelial cell
MeSH: Aging*, Blood-Brain Barrier*, Endothelial Cells*, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors*, Animals, Brain, Kruppel-Like Factor 4, Male, Mice, Mice, Knockout (* major topic)
Journal subjects: Biological Sciences, Medical Sciences
Topic: Kruppel-like factors research (Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology), according to OpenAlex
Funding: NHLBI NIH HHS (R35 HL166663)
Citations: cited by 1 paper (Europe PMC); 85 references in the paper

Abstract

Deterioration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), including impaired neurovascular uncoupling, contributes to cognitive decline in aging. The BBB is formed principally by brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs), and ECs throughout the body are enriched for the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Because KLF4 levels in ECs decrease with age, we tested whether that decline contributes to aging-related BBB deterioration, neurovascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. Using EC-specific Klf4 knockout mice (EC-K4KO), we show that loss of EC KLF4 accelerates multiple age-related brain pathologies. Indeed, middle-aged EC-K4KO mice display pathological features that are not normally observed until advanced age, including marked BBB leakage, impaired neurovascular coupling, loss of microvessels, increased oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive deficits. Single-cell RNA sequencing of brain vasculature reveals dysregulation of immune response and barrier-related genes in ECs lacking KLF4, indicating that KLF4 maintains brain endothelial homeostasis by constraining proinflammatory and senescence programs at the chromatin level. Together, these results identify loss of EC KLF4 as a key driver of neurovascular decline and age-associated cognitive dysfunction.

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Code

The paper links to its data, not to its authors' code: see the Data section.

The paper's code and data availability statement is in the Data section.

Tracing map

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Data

Datasets cited

Data, Materials, and Software Availability

All sequencing data generated in this study have been deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession numbers GSE333394 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE333394) (scRNA-seq) (83), GSE333395 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE333395) (ATAC-seq) (84), and GSE333397 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE333397) (RNA Pol II ChIP-seq) (85). All other study data are included in the article and/or supporting information (http://www.pnas.org/lookup/doi/10.1073/pnas.2426990123#supplementary-materials).

Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.

Versions

The history of this record: each version stored by the harvester or made by a correction of its authors or of the maintainers of its code, and what changed in its facts. The texts of the paper (its abstract, its availability statements) are not part of it; versions that changed only those are not listed.

Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record

Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 32 authors, 5 keywords, 10 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 82 references.

Cite

This paper

Dhar, M., Vázquez-Rosa, E., Chaubey, K., Miller, E., Corella, S. G., Chakraborty, S., Tripathi, S. J., Das, T., Liao, X., Alosman, M. A., Fang, H., Koh, Y., Sridharan, P. S., Franke, K., Cintrón-Pérez, C. J., Cintrón-Pérez, A. A., Tomco, T., Indrakumar, V., Rubin, P. J., . . . Pieper, A. A. (2026). Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 123(25), e2426990123. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2426990123

BibTeX

@article{dhar2026endothelial,
author = {Dhar, Matasha and Vázquez-Rosa, Edwin and Chaubey, Kalyani and Miller, Emiko and Corella, Sofia G. and Chakraborty, Suwarna and Tripathi, Sunil Jamuna and Das, Tapatee and Liao, Xudong and Alosman, Mohamed Alkassem and Fang, Hua and Koh, Yeojung and Sridharan, Preethy S. and Franke, Kathryn and Cintrón-Pérez, Coral J. and Cintrón-Pérez, Adrian A. and Tomco, Taylor and Indrakumar, Vidya and Rubin, Phoebe J. and Pieper, Justin G. and Ashiku, Luke A. and Shin, Min-Kyoo and Tang, Xinmiao and Padmanabhan, Roshan and Haragopal, Hariprakash and Flanagan, Margaret E. and Jain, Rajan and Winters, Bradley D. and Wilson, Brigid M. and Paul, Bindu D. and Jain, Mukesh K. and Pieper, Andrew A.},
title = {{Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment}},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {123},
number = {25},
pages = {e2426990123},
publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
issn = {0027-8424},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2426990123},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2426990123},
pmid = {42313933},
pmcid = {PMC13291589}
}

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Dhar, Matasha
AU - Vázquez-Rosa, Edwin
AU - Chaubey, Kalyani
AU - Miller, Emiko
AU - Corella, Sofia G.
AU - Chakraborty, Suwarna
AU - Tripathi, Sunil Jamuna
AU - Das, Tapatee
AU - Liao, Xudong
AU - Alosman, Mohamed Alkassem
AU - Fang, Hua
AU - Koh, Yeojung
AU - Sridharan, Preethy S.
AU - Franke, Kathryn
AU - Cintrón-Pérez, Coral J.
AU - Cintrón-Pérez, Adrian A.
AU - Tomco, Taylor
AU - Indrakumar, Vidya
AU - Rubin, Phoebe J.
AU - Pieper, Justin G.
AU - Ashiku, Luke A.
AU - Shin, Min-Kyoo
AU - Tang, Xinmiao
AU - Padmanabhan, Roshan
AU - Haragopal, Hariprakash
AU - Flanagan, Margaret E.
AU - Jain, Rajan
AU - Winters, Bradley D.
AU - Wilson, Brigid M.
AU - Paul, Bindu D.
AU - Jain, Mukesh K.
AU - Pieper, Andrew A.
TI - Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment
T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
J2 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/06/18
VL - 123
IS - 25
SP - e2426990123
SN - 0027-8424
PB - National Academy of Sciences
DO - 10.1073/pnas.2426990123
UR - https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2426990123
LA - en
ER -

CSL-JSON

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