Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment.
Overview
and 12 other authors
Luke A. Ashiku1,2,3,4,13, Min-Kyoo Shin1,2,3,4,14, Xinmiao Tang15, Roshan Padmanabhan16, Hariprakash Haragopal17, Margaret E. Flanagan18,19,20, Rajan Jain21, Bradley D. Winters17, Brigid M. Wilson3,22, Bindu D. Paul6,23,24,25, Mukesh K. Jain26, Andrew A. Pieper1,2,3,4,5,1026 affiliations
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Geriatric Psychiatry, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 44106
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
- Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, OH 44122
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
- Cate School, Carpinteria, CA 93013
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08226, Republic of Korea
- Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Trailhead Biosystems Inc., Beechwood, OH 44122
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272
- Glenn Bigg’s Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
- Department of Pathology, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249
- Mesulam Center for Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine in the Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912
Abstract
Deterioration of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), including impaired neurovascular uncoupling, contributes to cognitive decline in aging. The BBB is formed principally by brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs), and ECs throughout the body are enriched for the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4). Because KLF4 levels in ECs decrease with age, we tested whether that decline contributes to aging-related BBB deterioration, neurovascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. Using EC-specific Klf4 knockout mice (EC-K4KO), we show that loss of EC KLF4 accelerates multiple age-related brain pathologies. Indeed, middle-aged EC-K4KO mice display pathological features that are not normally observed until advanced age, including marked BBB leakage, impaired neurovascular coupling, loss of microvessels, increased oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, anxiety-like behavior, and cognitive deficits. Single-cell RNA sequencing of brain vasculature reveals dysregulation of immune response and barrier-related genes in ECs lacking KLF4, indicating that KLF4 maintains brain endothelial homeostasis by constraining proinflammatory and senescence programs at the chromatin level. Together, these results identify loss of EC KLF4 as a key driver of neurovascular decline and age-associated cognitive dysfunction.
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
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Data
Datasets cited
- geo:GSE333394, at NCBI GEO; found in “Data, Materials, and Software Availability”
Data, Materials, and Software Availability
All sequencing data generated in this study have been deposited in the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession numbers GSE333394 (https://
Reproduced under the paper's license (CC BY), from the paper cited above.
Versions
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Version 1, 27 September 2026: the first record
Recorded: type, language, journal, volume, issue, pages, dates, 32 authors, 5 keywords, 10 MeSH terms, 1 funder, 82 references.
Cite
This paper
Dhar, M., Vázquez-Rosa, E., Chaubey, K., Miller, E., Corella, S. G., Chakraborty, S., Tripathi, S. J., Das, T., Liao, X., Alosman, M. A., Fang, H., Koh, Y., Sridharan, P. S., Franke, K., Cintrón-Pérez, C. J., Cintrón-Pérez, A. A., Tomco, T., Indrakumar, V., Rubin, P. J., . . . Pieper, A. A. (2026). Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 123(25), e2426990123. https://
BibTeX
@article{dhar2026endothe
author = {Dhar, Matasha and Vázquez-Rosa, Edwin and Chaubey, Kalyani and Miller, Emiko and Corella, Sofia G. and Chakraborty, Suwarna and Tripathi, Sunil Jamuna and Das, Tapatee and Liao, Xudong and Alosman, Mohamed Alkassem and Fang, Hua and Koh, Yeojung and Sridharan, Preethy S. and Franke, Kathryn and Cintrón-Pérez, Coral J. and Cintrón-Pérez, Adrian A. and Tomco, Taylor and Indrakumar, Vidya and Rubin, Phoebe J. and Pieper, Justin G. and Ashiku, Luke A. and Shin, Min-Kyoo and Tang, Xinmiao and Padmanabhan, Roshan and Haragopal, Hariprakash and Flanagan, Margaret E. and Jain, Rajan and Winters, Bradley D. and Wilson, Brigid M. and Paul, Bindu D. and Jain, Mukesh K. and Pieper, Andrew A.},
title = {{Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment}},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
year = {2026},
month = jun,
volume = {123},
number = {25},
pages = {e2426990123},
publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
issn = {0027-8424},
doi = {10.1073/
url = {https://
pmid = {42313933},
pmcid = {PMC13291589}
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
AU - Dhar, Matasha
AU - Vázquez-Rosa, Edwin
AU - Chaubey, Kalyani
AU - Miller, Emiko
AU - Corella, Sofia G.
AU - Chakraborty, Suwarna
AU - Tripathi, Sunil Jamuna
AU - Das, Tapatee
AU - Liao, Xudong
AU - Alosman, Mohamed Alkassem
AU - Fang, Hua
AU - Koh, Yeojung
AU - Sridharan, Preethy S.
AU - Franke, Kathryn
AU - Cintrón-Pérez, Coral J.
AU - Cintrón-Pérez, Adrian A.
AU - Tomco, Taylor
AU - Indrakumar, Vidya
AU - Rubin, Phoebe J.
AU - Pieper, Justin G.
AU - Ashiku, Luke A.
AU - Shin, Min-Kyoo
AU - Tang, Xinmiao
AU - Padmanabhan, Roshan
AU - Haragopal, Hariprakash
AU - Flanagan, Margaret E.
AU - Jain, Rajan
AU - Winters, Bradley D.
AU - Wilson, Brigid M.
AU - Paul, Bindu D.
AU - Jain, Mukesh K.
AU - Pieper, Andrew A.
TI - Endothelial KLF4 depletion drives age-related neurovascular dysfunction and neuropsychiatric impairment
T2 - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
J2 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
PY - 2026
DA - 2026/
VL - 123
IS - 25
SP - e2426990123
SN - 0027-8424
PB - National Academy of Sciences
DO - 10.1073/
UR - https://
LA - en
ER -
CSL-JSON
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